The history of Finland began with human settlement in today's Finland more than100000 years ago, and this primitive commune system continued in Finland until 12 century.
Swedish Regent Birir Yael occupied Finland through the second Swedish Crusade in 1249. The crusade was in response to Tavasti's refusal to continue to convert to Christianity. Novgorod took control of Karelia, which speaks the eastern Finnish dialect. Sweden took control of West Karelia in the third Swedish Crusade in 1293. Since then, West Karelia belongs to the western cultural circle, while East Karelia gradually turns to Russia and Orthodox Church in culture. Although East karelians still has close ties with Finns in language and descent, they are usually regarded as an independent nation. The boundary between Catholicism and Orthodox Church also follows N? The Treaty of Teborg lies on the eastern border of Finland.
Finland merged into the medieval cultural circle in the13rd century. Domingo will be introduced to Finland on 1249, which will have a great impact. As early as the beginning of14th century, the first batch of students from Sorbonne University in Finland have been recorded. The urban residential area in Turku is developing in Hiran, Finland. Turku was once the largest town in Sweden, and its residents included German businessmen and craftsmen. Although the urbanization level of Finland in the Middle Ages was very low. There are only a few parishes and territories in southern Finland and along the Gulf of Bosnia. In other parts of Finland, there are Sami people who make a living by fishing and hunting and small-scale agriculture. In the 12 and 13 centuries, a large number of Swedes immigrated to the southern and northwest coasts of Finland. Swedish is more common in the Oran Islands and the islands between Oran Islands and Turku. Swedish has also become the language used by the upper classes in other parts of Finland. Turku established a parish in the13rd century. Turku Cathedral is the worship center of St. Henry and the local cultural center. At that time, bishops had greater religious authority than today, and were often the most powerful people in the local area. Bishops are usually Finns, but the commanders in castles are usually Swedish or German nobles. 1362, Finnish representatives were invited to participate in the Swedish king election. This event is often seen as a manifestation of Finland's integration into the Kingdom of Sweden. As a part of Scandinavia, the rich and powerful who can afford one person and one horse form a gentry and aristocratic class, which is concentrated in southern Finland.
The fortress of Vyborg defends Finland's eastern border. Sweden and Novgorod 1323 signed n? Teborg treaty, but this treaty has not been observed for a long time. 1348, King Magnus IV of Sweden launched a crusade against Orthodox heresy, which only made him lose his support, lost his throne and failed. The dispute between Sweden and Novgorod is to control the wilderness inhabited by Savos on the northern shore of Bosnia Bay and eastern Finland. Novgorod regarded it as a fishing and hunting base and was dissatisfied with the slow infiltration of western Catholic immigrants. During the 14 and 15 centuries, Sweden and Novgorod clashed intermittently, but most of the time they remained in an unstable state of peace. The same is true of the existing internal tensions.
1380 The civil war in Scandinavia, Sweden also spread to Finland. 1389, Margaret I, the winner of the civil war, brought all three kingdoms of Sweden, Denmark and Norway under her own rule, that is, the Kalmar Union. In the following 130 years, Swedish factions tried to break the alliance. Finland is also involved in this dispute, but it seems to be a relatively rich period in the15th century, during which the population increased and the economy developed. By the end of 15, the situation on the eastern border was getting more and more tense. The grand duchy of Moscow occupied Novgorod and took a step towards the unification of Russia. 1495 to 1497, there was a war between Sweden and Russia, and Vyborg was surrounded by Russia. According to the legend at that time, the city was saved by a miracle.
152 1 year, the Kalmar Union collapsed, Sweden regained its independence and Gustav Vasa became the king of Sweden. Under his management, Sweden accepted Protestantism in 1527. Sweden's administrative system has undergone drastic reforms, strengthening the state's control over local life, and of course, it can also collect more taxes. Shortly after the Reformation, Micael agricola, Bishop of Turku, published his translation of the Finnish New Testament.
1550, Gustav Vasa established Helsingforth, which was later Helsinki, but for two centuries, it was still just a fishing village.
After Gustav Vasa died in 1560, his three sons succeeded to the throne. Among them, Eric XIV of Sweden of Sweden opened the expansion era of Sweden, and he brought Tallinn of Estonia under its protection in 156 1 year. After the Livonia War (1558- 1583), Sweden has been in a state of war or quasi-war for 160 years. In the first stage of the war, Sweden and Denmark, Poland and Russia seized control of Estonia and Latvia. Finns therefore suffered from conscription, heavy taxes and military harassment brought about by the war. This led to 1596- 1597 Finnish uprising, which ended in bloody repression. 1595 The Tiavzino Treaty signed with Russia moved the border between Sweden and Russia to the east and north, which is about the border between Finland and Russia today.
/kloc-an important part of Finland's history in the 0/6th century was the population growth of agricultural settlements. The king encouraged farmers to migrate from Savonia province to the vast wilderness in central Finland. This forced the Sami people who originally lived here to leave. And some wasteland is the traditional fishing and hunting place in karelians. In the1580s, this led to bloody guerrilla warfare between Finns and Karelia and Finland, especially in Modine province.
From 16 1 1 to 1632, the Swedish king Gustav II Adolf carried out a series of military reforms, which transformed the Swedish army from the original peasant militia into an efficient weapon of war, even the best army in Europe. He completed the occupation of Livonia and gained the Russian territory lost in the Treaty of Stalbo. 1630, Swedish and Finnish troops marched into Germany and participated in the Thirty Years' War. The Finnish light cavalry composed of Finns is called "Hakkapeliitat".
1648 After the signing of the Treaty of Westphalia, Sweden became one of the most powerful countries in Europe. During the period from 1637 to 1640 and 1648 to 1654, Count Blah, the governor of Finland, carried out some important reforms and built many cities. Its measures are often considered to be beneficial to Finland's development. For example, 1640, First University of Finland? Bo College was established in Turku. The Finnish Bible Encyclopedia was also published in 1642.
However, heavy taxes, continuous wars and cold climate (Little Ice Age) made Finnish farmers in this period spend a bleak time. 1655 to 1660 During the Second Northern War, Finnish soldiers were transferred to Livonia, Poland and Denmark to fight. Sweden's political system is becoming more and more authoritarian.
From 1638 to 1655, the Kingdom of Sweden also owns Delaware and Pennsylvania in the United States as colonies. At least half of the immigrants are Finns.
/kloc-Finland in the 0/7th century was controlled by Lutheranism. 1608, the law of Moses was attached to secular law. Everything in all fields must abide by the Lutheran faith, attending church becomes compulsory, and religious punishment is widely used. These regulations were promulgated after the departure of John Tesser Rus, Bishop of Turku, whose catechism was declared heretical by theologians of the Royal College of Turku in 1664. On the other hand, Lutheranism encourages individuals to study the Bible, which makes Finland try to popularize universal education for the first time. The church requires every believer to be able to read the basic text of Luther's belief. Although these rules may be realized by memorizing texts, they also spread reading ability to the people.
A famine from 1697 to 1699 claimed about 30% of Finland's population. 19 17 12.6 Soon after the Russian Bolshevik Revolution (October Revolution), Finland declared its independence.
19 18 This country experienced a short but unforgettable civil war. During World War II, Finland fought two wars with the Soviet Union: the winter war of 1939 ~ 1940 (in which Sweden provided some assistance to Finland) and the continuous war of 194 1 ~ 1944 (Nazi Germany provided important help to Finland).
In the battle of Lapland from 1944 to 1945, Finland drove the Germans out of northern Finland.
1947 and 1948 signed many treaties with the Soviet union, which stipulated Finland's obligations and restrictions on the Soviet union, and Finland also made more territorial concessions on the basis of the 1940 peace treaty. 199 1 After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Finland finally decided its own destiny and joined the European Union in 1995.
On March 8, 2007, 18, the parliamentary election, the Central Party won 5 1 of the 200 seats, the United Party won 50 seats, the Social Democratic Party won 45 seats, the Left Alliance won 17 seats, the Green Alliance won 15 seats, and the Swedish People's Party and the Christian Union won 9 seats respectively. /kloc-in April, 2009, the government with matti vanhanen as Prime Minister was sworn in, which was composed of centrist political parties, the United Party, the Green Alliance and the Swedish People's Party.