Catalogue, original book of songs

notes

translate

appreciate

Primitive book of songs

Book of Songs Nan Zhou Yao Tao

Peach blossoms are in full bloom, colorful and fiery red. The girl is going to get married and be happy at her husband's house.

Xingya. Peach, wood name and bonus are really edible. Yao Yao, less beautiful. Burning, the prosperity of China also. The less wood, the more prosperous it is. Son, yes. This refers to married people. The woman said that she would get married and come back. Zhou Li, men and women in mid-spring order. However, the peach blossoms are gorgeous, and it is also at the time of marriage. Appropriate, harmonious meaning. Room refers to husband and wife. Home is in a door. King Wen culture, regardless of family and country, men and women have righteousness, and marriage is timely. Therefore, the poet was excited by what he saw, but lamented his virtue as a woman, knowing that he must have a suitable room and home.

Peach blossoms are in full bloom and there are countless fruits. The girl is going to get married, and the heir who gave birth early is going to make a fortune.

Xingya. Yan, it is also prosperous. A family is a family.

Peach blossoms are in full bloom, and green leaves are lush and never fall. The girl is getting married, and Comix is in harmony.

Xingya. Pastor, the leaves are lush. Family, a family.

Zhu Zhu

To annotate ...

Yaoyao: Mu Shaowang.

Yugui: refers to a girl getting married.

(1): If the grass is planted here, the fruit will be ripe when it is buried in the ground.

translate

How strong the peach trees are and how delicious the flowers are.

When this woman gets married, she can make her family run smoothly.

Peach trees are so strong that their fruits are covered with branches.

This woman will make her family very happy when she gets married.

How strong the peach trees are, with lush green leaves.

This woman will definitely make her family happy after marriage.

Make an appreciative comment

This poem is very famous. Even those who have only read a few books of The Book of Songs generally know that "peach blossoms fly to burn their glory". Why is this? I think there are several reasons: first, the images created in the poems are very vivid. It is really well written to compare the beauty of a girl with bright peach blossoms. After reading such a famous sentence, who wouldn't see a girl image as bright as a peach blossom and as youthful as a small peach tree? In particular, the word "burning" really gives people a bright feeling. Yao Jiheng, a scholar in the Qing Dynasty who wrote The Book of Songs, said that this poem "praises the ancestors of people through the ages" is not an excessive compliment. Second, just four sentences convey a jubilant atmosphere. This is very valuable. "Tao Yao Yao, burning its China. It is appropriate for my son to return to China and stay at home. " Read it carefully, and an atmosphere of jubilation and happiness will fill the lines. "Tender peach branches, bright peach blossoms. That girl is getting married today, bringing joy and beauty to her husband's family. " Look, how beautiful it is. This kind of emotion and desire embodies the people's love for life and their pursuit of a happy and beautiful family. Thirdly, this poem shows that a girl should not only have the gorgeous appearance like a peach blossom, but also have the inner beauty of "comfortable room" and "IKEA". This poem congratulates people on their marriage, but unlike other poems that congratulate people on their marriage, it either boasts how prominent the man's family background is or shows how rich the woman's dowry is. It is to say "suitable for his family" over and over again, so that the family can become beautiful and truly superior. This reminds us of Confucius' praise of the Book of Songs: "There are 300 poems, which, in a word, say' thinking innocently'." Of course, Confucius' words are very rich in content, but does it also include the above thoughts reflected in Yao Tao? Mr. Chen Zizhan said, "After the Revolution of 1911, I also saw people in rural areas holding weddings and singing three chapters of Yao Tao ..." (Selected Translation of National Style) Combining the ideas expressed in this poem, it is easy to understand the three chapters of the song "Farmers Married", Yao Tao.

Yao Tao's writing is also very particular. It seems that I only changed a few words and sang it over and over again. In fact, the author is very attentive. The first chapter is "flower", the second chapter is "reality" and the third chapter is "leaf", which expresses three different meanings with three changes of peach trees. Writing flowers is to describe the beauty of the bride; Realism and writing leaves, don't they make readers think more and further? Dense peaches and lush peach leaves are really a prosperous scene!

This poem is not difficult to understand, but the truth contained in it is worth exploring.

One question is, what is beauty, and what is the concept of beauty expressed by Yao Tao in the pre-Qin period? "Peach blossoms fly away, burning its splendor", beauty, beauty like peach blossoms, beauty is not beautiful? But even this would not be enough "A son should go back to his home and his family should live in harmony." This is the only complete method. This concept of beauty was very popular in the society at that time. The concept of truth, goodness and beauty appeared in the Spring and Autumn Period. Chu Wuju and Chu Lingwang had an argument about "what is beauty". Wu Ju said: "If you are beautiful, you are beautiful, up and down, inside and outside, big and small, far and near.". If it is beautiful in the eyes, it will be embarrassing if it is reduced to financial use. Is to gather people's interests and self-styled barren people. What is Hu Mei's behavior? " It is obvious that Wu Ju's view is "harmlessness is beauty", that is, goodness is beauty. Moreover, all aspects of "up and down, inside and outside, size and distance" should be measured and harmless. The main feature of this view is to emphasize the consistency between "goodness" and "beauty". Replacing beauty with goodness actually gives beauty a strong political and ethical significance. "What is Hu Mei's behavior?" This means that it is not beautiful for rulers to squander wealth, waste manpower and material resources and indulge in excesses. It should be said that this view has certain political significance. But it denies the difference between "goodness" and "beauty" and the relative independence of beauty. It does not recognize the beauty of "eye view", which is its serious limitation. Although this concept of beauty had its opposite at that time, some people noticed the beauty of "eye view", but this view of taking goodness as beauty should be said to be representative in pre-Qin aesthetics, and the aesthetic concept of pre-Qin Confucianism mainly developed in this direction.

Confucius also holds such an aesthetic view that "three hundred poems, in a word, is called" thinking without evil ",and he appreciates" three hundred poems "because of" innocence ". He spoke highly of Guan Yu's beauty, because it is "happy but not lewd, sad but not hurt" (The Analects of Confucius Bashu), which meets the requirements of goodness. When evaluating people, he said: "If you have the beauty of the talent of the Duke of Zhou, you will be arrogant and stingy, and the rest will be insufficient." (The Analects of Confucius Taber) Goodness and beauty, goodness is the dominant aspect. Even when choosing a residence, Confucius said, "Benevolence is beautiful." Where you live, benevolence is "beauty". It can be seen that Confucius' judgment of beauty is based on goodness.

But Confucius' aesthetic view is advanced after all. It is different from Wu Ju's point of view, and has begun to distinguish between beauty and goodness as two different standards. "The son's name is Shao:' All look good, all are good'; It is called' Wu':' Perfect, not perfect'. " Of course, through the evaluation of Shao and Wu, we can see that perfection is only perfection, but it can't be said to be beauty, and perfection is the foundation.

At this point, if we look back at this chapter of Yao Tao, I'm afraid we can better understand the aesthetic thought it reflects. In people's ideas at that time, it was as gorgeous as peach blossoms and as bright as eyes, but it was the beauty of "seeing in the eyes", only "perfection, not perfection". Only with the moral character of "keeping the house at home" can you be regarded as a beautiful girl and a qualified bride.

The second question followed. The specific content of beauty is not only "gorgeous as a peach blossom", but also "livable", that is, the combination of beauty and goodness. So, how should we understand and evaluate this concept? Why did the pre-Qin people regard family and marriage as so important?

Attaching importance to marriage and family is not only reflected in Yao Tao, but also in the whole Book of Songs. In a sense, The Book of Songs puts this aspect in the first place. Yao Tao is the sixth of 305 articles, and its position in The Book of Songs is very prominent. If we put five more articles before Yao Tao, we can see more clearly that marriage and family issues really occupy an unparalleled position in The Book of Songs.

The first of the 300 articles is Guan Ju, about a young man who falls in love with a beautiful girl. He misses her day and night and longs to marry her.

The second article, Ge Tan, tells the story of a woman's feelings before returning to her hometown to visit her parents, as well as her diligent housekeeping and filial piety.

The third article, Curled Ears, is about the husband's long journey and his wife's missing.

The fifth article "Katz", congratulations on having more children.

The sixth chapter, Yao Tao, congratulates people on their wedding and wishes the bride "a suitable home".

The above are the first few of the 300 articles (except the fourth article). They write about love, marriage, the yearning for husband and wife to leave, the desire to have many children, going home to visit relatives and so on. It can be said that the main problems in married life have been discussed.

A book of songs, 305 articles, the first few articles are almost all about marriage and family issues, is it thought-provoking? No matter who edited "Three Hundred Poems", whether Confucius deleted or arranged poems or did some positive work for "Three Hundred Poems", there is no doubt that they all attached great importance to marriage and family issues.

How should we recognize and comment on this issue? During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the level of productivity was still very low, and the family was the most basic unit of society. Everyone relies on their families to cope with difficulties, overcome natural disasters and strive for a happy life. Of course, they want family harmony and unity. Marriage is a big event, because it concerns the future of the family. Therefore, the couple's main hope is to "get married". Very easy to understand.

In terms of rulers, it is much more complicated. "Book of Rites University" quoted Yao Tao as saying: "Suit your home, and then you can teach others." This really hit the nail on the head. Family is the most basic unit of society, and the consolidation of family is closely related to the consolidation of society. In the Han Dynasty, there appeared the theories of "three cardinal guides" (the monarch is the minister's guide, the father is the child's guide, and the husband is the wife's guide) and "five permanent guides" (the five relationships of monarch, minister, father and son, couple, brother and friend). Both the "Three Cardinal Principles" and the "Five Permanent Principles" are based on the relationship between husband and wife, which is regarded as the beginning of human relations, and the other four relationships are derived from it. Jia Zhu, a Neo-Confucianist in the Song Dynasty, said: "It is wrong to have heaven and earth followed by everything, everything followed by men and women, men and women followed by husband and wife, husband and wife followed by father and son, father and son followed by ministers, and ministers followed by ups and downs, ups and downs followed by courtesy. Men and women are the basis of the three basic principles, and everything comes first. " From this discussion, we can also see why the rulers attach so much importance to marriage and family issues. Listening to ancient music is afraid of lying down, and those who take pains to listen to Zheng have a very different famous saying. He said: "If the family is poor, you will think of a good wife, and if the country is chaotic, you will think of a good face. Inheriting the ancestral temple and enlightening future generations, if you can't do it, if you can't use your heart! " IKEA stands for Guo Yi. In their eyes, "IKEA" and "Guo Yi" are the same thing, and of course they are considered very important.

"Tao Yao Yao, burning its China. No matter how many articles have been written on Yao Tao by exegetists since ancient times, a girl as beautiful as a small peach tree and a peach blossom in the hot spring sun will always live in the hearts of readers. People sincerely wish her: "Her son should go back to China and stay at home."