I. Introduction to the University of Paris-Sud, France
The University of Paris Sud is referred to as the University of Paris for short. It is a French national university, originally organized by teachers' guild, and a comprehensive university with a high reputation in the world. Many talents trained by Paris University have become outstanding representatives in the world's political, economic, cultural and scientific fields.
In medieval Europe, school education has a long tradition. In the process of Europe from chaos to order, the church has played a huge role. The monasteries all over Europe are actually performing the function of school education. The earliest monastery school appeared in the 6th century, and in the 7th century, the bishop school developed on the basis of monastery education has become a more formal educational institution. The educational development of bishop schools and monk schools needs to produce a new organization, so universities came into being.
The University of Paris was originally developed from a missionary school. It was built in the second half of 12 century. It is known as the oldest university in the world together with the University of Bologna in Italy, and is known as the "mother of European universities". The establishment modes of major universities in Europe are all influenced by these two universities. The purpose of this school is to teach poor children theology. In these schools, in addition to the required theology (this is the main course), students have to study seven courses besides theology, such as grammar, logic, rhetoric, mathematics, geometry, music and astronomy.
1208, Pope Elon III approved the faculty and students of Paris University to formulate their own statutes. Accordingly, in 12 15, Coulson, the pope's special envoy, formulated the first charter for the University of Paris, canceling the control of Notre Dame. The articles of association reform art education and make specific provisions on teachers' qualifications.
As the theological seminary of the church and the most important teaching and academic center in medieval Europe, the University of Paris was under the double attack of the church and secular forces from the beginning, and its road to autonomy was arduous and long. 1229, the Bishop of Paris sued the students for their conflict with the citizens, and the Queen Regent ordered the arrest of the students. Many students were killed or injured in the fierce conflict with the king's police. Teachers and students went on strike angrily and withdrew from Paris.
123 1 year, a two-year strike led to the intervention of Pope Gregory IX. The pope, who was born as a jurist, confirmed the privileges of universities, such as legal autonomy, the right of association, the right to strike classes, and the exclusive right to award degrees. After numerous disputes and struggles with priests, the University of Paris paid the price of blood, obtained the king's charter certificate and got rid of the supervision, control and interference of bishops.
Second, the University of Paris-Sud popular major
1. Luxury management major. The profession of "luxury goods management" may be unfamiliar to China people, but it has a history of several decades in Europe and is called "noble profession". The employment prospect and market development of luxury management specialty in Asia, especially in China, will be beyond imagination. At present, China accounts for 8% of the global luxury consumption market. The sales of luxury goods in Asia have risen sharply, mainly because the sales in China have increased by 30%, making China the third largest luxury goods market in the world for five consecutive years. Previously, according to the statistics of the actual luxury goods association, the annual growth rate of luxury goods consumption in China was around 20%. France is a luxury country. The research direction of luxury goods management in France has a long history, and the education model is relatively mature, with a one-year MBA course.
2. Engineering major. As the fourth largest industrial power in the world, France exports high-tech products and achievements to the whole world and plays a first-class role in the development of aerospace, transportation, electronics, telecommunications, chemistry, biotechnology and medical and health care. The Institute of Engineers is one of the higher professional schools in France and an important part of elite education in France. There are 240 higher vocational engineers colleges in France, and students can get an engineer diploma and a new master's degree when they graduate.
3. Tourism management major. More than 800,000 people in France are engaged in tourism. This industry is experiencing rapid development, including the application of new technologies and the introduction of new products. Similarly, today's catering and table art and culture industries are also quietly rising. Tourism in France accounts for about 6% of France's GDP. With the development of the times, France has accumulated rich experience in tourism, hotels and hotel professional education, and gained worldwide recognition. Tourism and catering college, vocational education college, university professional education and some innovative training centers constitute the most complete professional education system of hotel tourism management in France.
4. Major in banking and finance. Paris, France is a world-class financial center, and Europe, where France is located, is also an extremely developed region. Britain, Germany and other countries also occupy this important position in the world financial field. After studying banking and finance in France, they can not only stay in France to develop, but also work in other EU countries. Since the early 1980s, the banking and financial sectors have developed greatly. French higher education institutions responded quickly to this and set up some majors to adapt to this development and various new occupations in securities companies and investment institutions, such as brokers, salespeople, heads of securities departments, financial engineers, asset managers and so on.
5. Law major. It is understood that the laws of many countries originated in France. Since 1840, when Napoleon ascended the throne, the first empire of France was established, and the civil code was promulgated when Napoleon was in power. French law is extremely complete and is an ideal major for students. From the defense of personal interests to the defense of public interests, the legal profession is diverse and attractive, including corporate legal adviser, commercial lawyer, real estate lawyer, industrial property lawyer, international law lawyer and so on. Moreover, the application field of law is more and more extensive, and various industries such as communication, environment, information, intellectual property rights and new information technology (Internet, multimedia and e-commerce) are in urgent need of legal professionals.
Third, ways to save money by studying in France
1. Choose a public school. There is a big difference in fees between public schools and private schools in France. Ordinary public universities only charge registration fees and do not charge tuition fees. The annual registration fee for a university like Paris is about 1 10 euros, and with limited medical insurance, it should be said that all students who can study in France can afford it. In addition to paying the registration fee, the tuition fees of private schools are staggering. The annual tuition fee of a good normal college, engineering college or business school ranges from 7000 to 15000 euros, not counting the book fee, which is beyond the affordability of parents as wage earners.
2. Housing subsidies. Houses in Paris are very tight. The monthly rent for students living alone is as low as 300 to 400 euros, and many of them are large suites shared by several people. For public students, the situation is better. You can go to the student dormitory under the jurisdiction of CROUS, which specializes in international students' affairs. The monthly rent ranges from 120 to 150 euros.
3. Travel depends on student annual ticket. Whether it is an airplane, a train or a city subway, there are discounts for students. If you live in Paris, the monthly subway ticket costs 40 euros a month. It's cheaper if you buy annual tickets for students in the city. Besides studying, students often go out to travel. Students can travel in France and Schengen countries and stay in youth hostels during holidays. The Youth Hostel is open to all French and foreign youth, and provides them with accommodation at reasonable prices in winter, summer and weekends.