Contemporary college students are the pillars of the country and the main force for its future development. However, with the continuous progress of society, the continuous development of economy and the intensification of market competition, especially talent competition, the employment of college students is facing a severe test. Faced with unprecedented employment pressure, many college students have been pushed onto the road of entrepreneurship. In view of the present situation of entrepreneurship, the state and government departments at all levels have also formulated a series of policies and measures to actively promote college students' entrepreneurship, but for various reasons, the current college students' entrepreneurship is still not optimistic. According to the investigation and analysis, the success rate of college students' entrepreneurship in Shanghai is about 5% at present, mainly because of the following aspects.
(A) the cost of starting a business is too high and the capital reserve is insufficient.
Investigation and analysis show that most entrepreneurs have limited funds and insufficient reserves in the initial stage of starting a business. In a financial metropolis like Shanghai, for many new entrepreneurs, due to the high cost of starting a business such as labor and rent, the annual basic rent is nearly 65,438+10,000 yuan or even higher, and the lack of reserve capital chain eventually leads to the failure of starting a business. The problem of funds is a stumbling block on the road of college students' entrepreneurship. Faced with the cruel reality of high start-up cost, most start-ups have low initial income and fierce market competition pressure, so the survival risk of enterprises is very high.
(b) Strong entrepreneurial interest, but lack of entrepreneurial experience
According to preliminary statistics, in 20 14 and 20 15, Shanghai university students applied for 4,095 and 4,443 entrepreneurial projects respectively, and approved the funded projects10/2 and 1330 respectively, and the registered capital of enterprises exceeded/kloc-0. However, as a college student who has just entered the society, the difficulties encountered in starting a business are different from those of other entrepreneurs. In the early stage of starting a business, his entrepreneurial experience is far from enough, which is precisely one of the most important factors for an entrepreneur in the process of starting a business. Most of the education and teaching of college students are carried out according to the established talent training plan of the school, but the courses of innovation and entrepreneurship education have not been included in the training plan, which is far from enough for a student who wants to start a business. For an entrepreneur, it is necessary to master and learn financial management knowledge, enterprise management knowledge, marketing model and so on.
(c) Difficulties in selecting entrepreneurial projects
Choosing entrepreneurial projects is the first problem that entrepreneurs need to solve, and it is also the starting point of entrepreneurship. Because there are many unknown factors in the entrepreneurial process, choosing a suitable entrepreneurial project can effectively reduce the uncertain factors of investment. For college entrepreneurs, it has always been a hurdle for many college students with entrepreneurial dreams to choose entrepreneurial projects according to their professional knowledge, specialties, hobbies or the needs of market development. Entrepreneurship education in China, especially in higher vocational colleges, started late, and the related entrepreneurship education system, entrepreneurship curriculum and policy implementation are in a relatively backward link. In recent years, the entrepreneurial rate of college students in Shanghai is 2% ~ 3%, while that of college students in developed countries is 20% ~ 30%. For entrepreneurs, how to turn what they have seen, heard and learned into a "sword" in their own entrepreneurial practice, and how to choose entrepreneurial projects are difficult problems faced by most entrepreneurs.
(d) Lack of entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurship awareness and entrepreneurial talents.
With the development of economic globalization, China's higher education is also vigorously promoting the reform of quality education and transforming into popularization and informationization. However, due to the relatively late development of China, the whole education system in China is still not completely free from the shackles of exam-oriented education. After the reform and opening up, especially in the past two decades, China's education reform has achieved phased results, from exam-oriented education to "open education" and constantly to quality education including employment and entrepreneurship education. But generally speaking, entrepreneurship education in Chinese universities, especially in higher vocational colleges, is still in a relatively backward stage. Most schools, especially higher vocational colleges, have not yet incorporated innovation and entrepreneurship education into the whole system of school personnel training, and schools have not yet formulated a relatively perfect innovation and entrepreneurship education policy and system. The course on innovation and entrepreneurship is still in the primary stage, and its course coverage is relatively small, and most of them stay in theoretical knowledge and lack practical skills. Moreover, due to the shortage of funds and personnel allocation, schools often lack experienced innovation and entrepreneurship teams, which leads to students' lack of basic quality of innovation and entrepreneurship.