What is the DK effect? D-K effect is called Deng Ning-Kruger effect. It is a cognitive deviation phenomenon, which means that people with poor ability draw wrong conclusions on the basis of their thoughtless decisions, but they can't correctly understand their own shortcomings and distinguish wrong behaviors. These people who lack ability are immersed in the illusory advantages created by themselves, and often overestimate their own ability level, but they cannot objectively evaluate the abilities of others.
? Darwin said: "Ignorance is more likely to produce self-confidence than knowledge". Zhai Tianlin probably thought that writing a paper, plus some excerpts, plus some of his own writing, became his own business, right? People often have this illusion. In fact, we know far less than we thought.
? Someone once did an experiment. The researchers showed the participants a picture of a bicycle. The bicycle frame in the picture was incomplete, and there were no chains and pedals. Then they were asked to draw the skeleton, chains and pedals on it. It doesn't look difficult. Nearly half of the people drew it wrong. Tests show that people often mistake themselves for knowledge.
? If you think this is an experiment, can you feel that some people are often too optimistic about things at ordinary times? For example, college students who have just joined the job feel wronged by sorting out the forms. In fact, it took them half a day to produce a watch, while skilled people 10 minutes can do it. There is another typical example. Many drivers feel that they are good at driving. In fact, these "old drivers" often have car accidents. Others "feel good about themselves". They think they are smart, humorous and capable, but their actual ability is often far from their evaluation of themselves. These are all DK effects.
? Why is there a DK effect? There is an "overconfidence theory" in psychology, which comes from psychologists Grifin and Tversky( 1992). They find that people are often overconfident when they wait for answers to extremely difficult questions. People expect that the probability of good things happening to themselves is higher than others, and even have unrealistic optimism about purely random events. ?
? 1995, in broad daylight, a big middle-aged man robbed two banks in Pittsburgh, USA. Surprisingly, he didn't wear a mask or make any disguise. After the robbery, he smiled smugly at the camera in front of the bank and then walked out of the bank. These obvious clues led the police to find the robber, 44-year-old Wheeler, on the same day. Then I asked him why. He said that watching lemon juice on TV can make the ink on paper disappear, and it will only appear when the temperature is high, so he put lemon juice on his head and thought it was enough to stay away from the high temperature, and then he felt invisible. . . (Allow me to laugh for a while) This is a typical "overconfidence".
How to avoid overestimating yourself and have a correct understanding of yourself? I have three suggestions:
First, before doing an important thing, find an example and find your own gap. Don't be conceited.
? For example, I want to run a marathon. I see a lot of people, regardless of the willy-nilly, run up and get hurt easily. This also reflects that I overestimated myself and thought it was just running. It's so simple that everyone can do it. In fact, we should look at what knowledge reserves those marathon runners have made before running. What skill reserve? How to set goals step by step? Especially for beginners, you can find some model target characters from the Internet and see how they do it. At the same time, we should combine our own situation and don't imitate others. It varies from person to person. We can shoot some of our own running videos in daily training, analyze them carefully, find problems and correct them in time. ?
And in action, don't be conceited. There is a saying in my hometown: "You can't hide oil cakes in a dog's kennel". In other words, the dog got the cake, dried it, and soon it was gone. Can't store food. We do the same thing. After studying English for two days, we think we can take the TOEFL. After running for two days, I feel thinner 10 kg. Don't comfort yourself, be content. Still have to do it step by step.
Second, set a reasonable target, which can be higher and controlled at about 10-20% of the reasonable target.
The poet Emerson said: The whole world will make way for those who pursue their goals wholeheartedly. Everything must have a goal, but the goal cannot be unrealistic or too low.
I believe many people put up many flags at the end of 20 18 or the beginning of 20 19. For example, don't lose 20 pounds, don't change your head. . Slogans are not enough. We need to quantify the goals, set them reasonably and implement them.
We say that the goal of life can be divided into six major goal areas: wealth goal, career goal, family life goal, health and leisure goal, interpersonal goal and learning and growth goal. We should see the starting point clearly and look forward to the future. There are five principles in setting goals: clear and specific; Quantitative measurement; Challenging; Combination of length and length; Time limit for completion. Set daily goals, weekly goals, monthly goals, this year's goals, short-term goals (1-3 years), medium-term goals (5 years), long-term goals (10 years), and ultimate goals (after 60 years old).
Personally, I suggest that the goal of 1 should be made clear first. There may be many unknown changes in the next three years, five years or even longer. There are many efficiency manuals online. You can buy one or make one yourself.
Personally, I have made a handwritten manual that records every day, summarizes every week and summarizes every month, and it is still being optimized. Because you will find that thinking is beautiful, but you actually overestimate yourself. For example, if I want to do something after putting my children to bed every night, but it often takes at least 2 hours to put them to sleep, or if I go to bed earlier than my children, then the things I list for myself to get up at night can only be unimportant and not urgent. As long as I can get up, I can't get up. .
Third, know yourself seriously and know yourself correctly.
Many times, we always think we are right, but only when things have a result do we find our mistakes. We often think that we have fully understood ourselves, but in fact we are blinded by ourselves, or we don't want to be unable to understand ourselves and know ourselves correctly. We are paralyzed by our appearance.
In daily life, we are usually unwilling to face our limitations. We don't know much about personality, and even if people around us give us some mirror-like feedback, we don't want to listen. "You're not talking about me. You don't know me. " In the face of feedback from people around us, we always answer like this.
It's important to know yourself. You can use some tools. For example, disc, type 9 personality, MBIT. Tools can be Baidu by themselves. Tools are only auxiliary, so I suggest not to trust them completely, because the accurate evaluation is only the result of the current environment and current state, and people are changing at any time, including the environment. So, if you want to know yourself clearly, you might as well find some friends, including family members, have a chat and listen to their feedback.
Listen to your opinions and suggestions with an open mind. Listen carefully. Try not to talk, excuse, etc. In the whole process. The feedback these people give you is the impression feedback on your personality, emotions and so on. Basically, it is to locate who you are.
Next, we should recognize our own abilities. In addition to social and communication skills in life, ability also comes from the ability in the workplace. At this time, you can communicate with your boss and colleagues, receive feedback and see where your ability level is in their eyes.
This process may be painful for you, but I think it is a process of transformation. Only by recognizing yourself can we grow better.
In the end, everyone will commit the DK effect, so we can only remind ourselves all the time to do things in a down-to-earth manner, treat everyone and everything with a sincere and not impetuous heart, and try not to be so outrageous, so as to avoid the "Zhai Tianlin incident" and give it to ourselves.