I don't know much about Xiang Jun's records, but I always have a false name of Taishigong. There's no point in your antique style, and I have no choice but to be Wang Weng first.
Zheng Chen is lonely and lifeless, while Yi is obscene and chaotic. Yixiao inherited Guangwu language in the west, and now he is famous.
At this time, the arrogant main quasi-ancient poetry school issued a general attack order. He also wrote three poems, praising, caring and Gong Zizhen, especially praising Gong Zizhen: the first-class swordsman will not look back for 300 years. I only worry about loneliness, be responsible for my spirit and flute, and drive north and south to the old age. Like many Nanshe poets, he has a special interest in Gong Zizhen's poems.
Liu Yazi's poems in this period cherish the memory of national heroes, mourn the revolutionary martyrs, expose the decadent darkness of the Qing Dynasty, express the embrace and ideals of the revolution, and show strong revolutionary enthusiasm and will, which is slightly similar to Chen and Gao's poems. But it is obviously different from them in style. Pian Masako is first-rate, and his seven laws are in the same strain as those of the Three Tang Dynasties (eight sages' poems collected by Mei Tian). He wrote many seven-character poems and quatrains. These seven-character poems are neither as blunt as Chen Qubing nor as unrestrained as Gao Xu, but fresh and simple, flowing freely, which is influenced by Gong Zizhen. China's literary language, whether elegant or vulgar, is like clay in the hands of a sculptor, which is really handy (Guo Moruo's Selected Poems of Liu Yazi). This is particularly evident in his poems, especially the seven-character law. After the failure of the Revolution of 1911, he was not as easily depressed as many Nanshe poets. He criticized the revolutionaries for compromising with Yuan Shikai, playing Pinghu generously, and finally losing the overall situation. For the poem "Sheng Yuan", his revolutionary will is still very high, he wrote:
Lonely and angry, really can't prevent the dead, and can't bear to look up at those bodies? The fu that Meixin read persuaded Jin to pass on Ruan Ji's words. How can a monkey be an emperor, even a rotten mouse can take advantage? When night came, I suddenly lost my dream, and the Northern Expedition began to take an oath.
The poet angrily rebuked Yuan Shikai for stealing the country, and also severely lashed Liu and other feudal remnants for their meanness. He is one of the few patriotic poets in Nanshe who keeps pace with the times. Among the writers of Nanshe, Su (1884 ~ 19 18) was unique and declined for a while. Real name Xuan Ying, Zizigu, from Xiangshan County, Guangdong Province. Japanese mother, born in Japan, 1889 went back to Guangdong with her father. Due to the complicated family relationship, he was lonely since he was a child. Encouraged by the revolutionary trend, 1903, when he was studying in Chengcheng school in Japan, he participated in the anti-Russian volunteer army and the national education meeting of the army. In the same year, he returned to China, where he served as a professor at Suzhou Wuzhong College and a translator for Shanghai National Daily. Later, I went to Hong Kong and went to Huizhou Ancient Temple to get a haircut and become a monk. Since then, I have been wandering around, paying attention to reality, making friends with revolutionaries, and pursuing vulgar and decadent enjoyment of life. After the failure of the Revolution of 1911, pessimism and disappointment became more serious and ended in decadence.
During her short wandering life, Su Manshu studied Chinese, Japanese, English and Sanskrit, worked as a poet and painter, wrote essays and novels, and translated Byron's poems and French Hugo's novel Les Miserables, which really showed her various efforts and outstanding talents. 1903 began to publish poems and translated novels in the national daily. At this time, the patriotic movement and the revolutionary situation developed rapidly after the vigorous Soviet report. In Su's works, the spirit and ambition of patriotic youth are also shown. His poetic style is unique and has its own moving power. For example, there are two unique poems in the first published "Poetry and Painting Stay in Tang Guo Dun":
The dancing sea is even connected with the emperor of Qin, and the vast clouds float; People feel lonely and angry at the hero's tears. They shed tears on them and give them to their old friends.
Hai Tianlong's blood is mysterious and yellow. Is it covered? Long song visited the wild; When people go to dawn, the bright moon is as white as frost.
It is magnificent and sad, vague and vivid, which is different from the patriotic poems that were generally impassioned at that time. Later, most of his poems were quatrains in seven words, such as 1908' s Crossing Putian: The horseshoe is proud in the depths of Liu Yin, and there is boundless silver sand to drive the tide. Maodian ice flag is close to the city, and red leaves are everywhere. 1909's "Dianjiang Road Middle Entrance": There is a faint smoke in the lonely village, and there are yangko competitions everywhere. You don't have to worry about winning a horse. Singing the harmony and joy of life, the poem has pictures, which is very interesting. However, it is more of a personal sentimental sigh. After the Revolution of 1911, he became increasingly depressed and hurt himself, lonely and heartbroken. Sad and afraid to look at the dresser, thin and beautiful? Self-pity (where); What happened in Mo Wen that made my country feel sad? Tears (Miscellaneous Affairs of the East Chrysanthemum): His life experience was full of emotions, which eventually overflowed for no reason and got out of hand. His poems highlight the disappointment and frustration of some bourgeoisie and petty bourgeoisie on the future of the revolution after the failure of the Revolution of 1911. In fact, there is nothing but this negative emotion in his poems, which are all composed of artificial snow short songs and 28 words with echoes (Mei Tian's Legacy). Song of the Eight Sages in Poetry).
Su has six novels, such as Broken Goose, Tears at the End of the World (only two chapters are unfinished), scarlet yarn and Broken Hairpin, all about love. Duan Hong's Biography of Wild Goose consists of twenty-seven chapters, describing the author's wandering life experience and love story. The Story of Scarlet Yarn describes the love tragedy of two young men and women, Tan Luan and Gu Wu, Zhu Meng and Qiu Yun. His novels are full of pessimism and world-weariness, with beautiful and natural words and vivid twists and turns. It had a certain influence on the novels of Yuanyang Butterfly School which prevailed in Shanghai after the Revolution of 1911.
The famous writers of Nanshe are Ma,,, Ning,. Ma (1882 ~ 1940) is a native of Guilin, Guangxi. He has written some poems advocating the new trend of thought and flaunting patriotism, such as Freedom and Joining the Army, but his works are few and have little influence. Zhou Shi (1885 ~1911) was born in Yang Shan, Jiangsu Province (now Huai 'an). After Wuchang Uprising, he held a meeting with thousands of students and people from all walks of life in Ruan's centralized city in the same town to announce the recovery. Lacking revolutionary experience and vigilance, they were killed by reactionaries. Zhou Shi was a martyr of the Revolution of 1911 and an outstanding poet of Nanshe. He made a statement when he thought poetry was expensive; Severely criticize the tendency of keeping sects, seeking rules, emphasizing the tone, and going to work in Japan, so as to think deeply about the archaism and formalism in theft. His poems are bold and unrestrained, full of emotion, and have the passion to break through the feudal snare and save the country by revolution. His "quasi-decisive words" fully show his strong revolutionary will and determination to devote himself to the revolution. Another example is Zhu Aifu's Four Chapters on the People's Daily Publishing Day:
The top of Kunlun Mountain shouted loudly, and it was not one person who saved the day. Seen from the land, ichthyosaurs are healthy with scales and claws, and sparrows dream. Attach importance to vegetation, be ashamed of attachment, and the vast hazel trees need to be cut off. Nine days in a trillion years, spend a good pot for free!
It also shows optimism about the revolution. His poetic language is natural and beautiful, and his formal themes are also diverse. However, it is still not deep enough to reflect the real politics and society. Ning (1885 ~ 19 13), also known as Xianxia, was born in Liling, Hunan. He took part in revolutionary activities very early and was imprisoned in Changsha for three years. After the Revolution of 1911, he was arrested and imprisoned in Wuhan for opposing Yuan Shikai's seizure of revolutionary power, and was soon killed. Most of his poems were written in prison, especially his generous and indignant words. Bi recorded one of his books, The Sense of Books in Wuchang Prison.
It's useless to run for ten years, even if the wolf enters the tiger! Can mulberry field be turned into the sea alone, as if pity had frosted its mane. If you die, you will hate evil, and if you are born, you will be willing to mourn. I leaned against the window and the scenery was bleak.
It can be seen that he ran for the revolution for a long time, never bowed to the dark feudal forces, and was willing to devote himself to the tenacious fighting spirit of the revolution. Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the pioneer of China Revolution and one of the three great men in China in the 20th century, attached great importance to the role of culture in revolutionary practice. He has always stood at the forefront of China's advanced culture, leading and practicing the advanced revolutionary culture. He dares to inherit the essence of China's culture for thousands of years, is good at combining the essence of China's traditional culture with advanced western culture, and advocates learning from foreign advanced culture, economy, science and technology, and management, so as to accelerate China's development in international development. At the same time, he knows and is good at using culture, which creates public opinion for the revolution he leads and carries out. Make extensive contacts with cultural people with democratic ideas at that time, and unite advanced cultural people to fight for the revolutionary cause. Among them, his contact with the figures of Nanshe is very typical.
Nanshe was founded by Chen Qubing, Gao Xu, Liu Yazi and other Chinese League activists in Zhouzhuang, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province on 1907. It was the first revolutionary literary and art group advocating anti-Qing in China's modern history. It took more than forty years from the launch of 1907 to the last collection of 1949. In the era of the alternation of old and new society in China, Nanshe took the pen as a gun and brought together many famous poets, writers and scholars among the bourgeois revolutionaries at that time. In order to overthrow the Manchu feudal rule, it had a positive historical role and great social influence before and after the Revolution of 1911. Many people with lofty ideals who fought bloody battles for the Revolution of 1911 and organizers and leaders who stood at the forefront of the Revolution of 1911 emerged. A considerable number of people in Nanshe became close comrades-in-arms, like-minded people and assistants of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, precisely because Nanshe consciously raised the anti-Qing banner at that time with the political program of "expelling Tatars, restoring China, establishing the Republic of China and equalizing land rights". Reward friends with poems, advocate national integrity, carry forward patriotic and democratic ideas, create revolutionary public opinion, expose imperialist ambitions, and attack the corruption and incompetence of Qing dynasty rule. Therefore, it attracted a batch of patriotic literati to join Nanshe. From the beginning, there were 17 people (mostly members of the League), and then it developed to more than 1000 people, which became an effective cultural army in the Revolution of 1911. Therefore, the existence of the Southern Society within the Revolutionary Party at that time was the reputation of the propaganda department of the League.
However, from Sun Yat-sen's collected works, letters and decrees, it is difficult to find Sun Yat-sen's association with Nanshe organizations in the name of the League. In the personnel arrangement of the Revolution of 1911 and the Nanjing Provisional Government, Mr. Sun used a large number of members of Nanshe. According to the investigation, more than 100 members of Chanan Society are members of the alliance, and as many as 10 members hold important positions in the Nanjing Provisional Government. On the one hand, it shows that the members of Nanshe are practicing the purpose of running the society and trying their best to contribute their talents to the revolutionary cause, on the other hand, it also shows that Sun Yat-sen has high trust in comrades of Nanshe.
This paper describes and discusses the contacts between Dr. Sun Yat-sen and some famous people in Nanshe. (1874 ~ 1933), a native of Wujiang, Jiangsu. He comes from a businessman's family and has the wind of Ren Xia. At first, influenced by Kang Liang's political reform, he turned to revolution. Before Nanshe was founded, he was an active revolutionary. Participated in China Education Association (in Shanghai), Russian Volunteers (in Japan), China League (in Salt Lake) and other revolutionary groups, and organized Shinto Society (in Shanghai) and Qiushe Society (in Hangzhou). He went to Lingnan to carry out revolutionary activities, went to Changao in the middle of Sichuan in the south, and played triumphant songs in the north. This is like an exhibition, a clear whip for Xu to return to the Central Plains: it shows the high revolutionary spirit and heroic efforts. He loves articles very much, and has written the most poems since he wrote the inscription. His poems generally praise the national heroes, revolutionary martyrs and swordsmen in the Song and Ming Dynasties, so as to express the embrace of the revolution and feel his life. Writing revolutionary hero tours, such as Give yourself a strategy to travel to Japan, Tumen Jiangnan Farewell Poems, and Sailing for Wusong on the Mid-Yuan Festival, especially shows its revolutionary style of praise, generosity and heroism. After recording the firewood pile, he wrote a song: The rudder tower sings the song of "Great River East", and Wan Li is boundless and empty. The waves on the sea are so reverberating that there is nothing in front of the mainland; Clouds grind and rain wash the sky like blue (there is a sudden shower in the hot sun), and the wind turns red in the sun. Only when Xu Tao is dressed in white can the white car fight the autumn wind. Generally speaking, his poem "Go to China" is unpretentious, rigorous and conservative in style, vigorous and powerful, but not vivid and vivid.
Chen Qubing is the main initiator and organizer of Nanshe. 1874 was born in Tongli Town, Wujiang, Jiangsu. Formerly known as Qinglin, the word Peiren, Chaonan people, another word Sick Money, curator of the museum. /kloc-at the age of 0/5, he studied China's ancient poems under the famous Confucian Zhu Xinglu, and became a scholar at the age of 22. He once set up a revenge society with Jin Songcen and others in rural areas to support the reform and reform. 1902 Join Shanghai China Education Association, a progressive educational group. 1903, went to China to join the anti-Russian volunteers organized by Japanese students. 1904 In Shanghai, he was the editor-in-chief of Alarm Daily, and at the same time founded Twentieth Century Grand Stage magazine to advocate drama improvement. 1906 Join the Chinese League. 1909, together with Gao Xu and Liu Yazi, the anti-Qing revolutionary literature group Nanshe was established in Suzhou. After Wuchang Uprising, Dahan Newspaper was founded in Suzhou, and participated in the "Second Revolution" in 19 13. 19 17 went to Guangzhou with Sun Yat-sen as Secretary General of the Extraordinary Congress and Secretary General of the Senate. 1922, when Sun Yat-sen was the inspector of the Northern Expedition, he was the propaganda director of the original enemy in the base camp. After Sun Yat-sen's death, Chen Qubing devoted himself to education, literature and history research, and served as a professor at Southeast University, Shanghai Zhi Zhi University and curator of Jiangsu Revolutionary Museum. Chen Qubing was good at writing, and used historical themes to carry out anti-Qing propaganda before and after Xinhai. More common in newspapers and magazines in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. 193210/kloc-0 died of acute dysentery in Tongli prefecture on October 4th, and his grave was in Huqiu, Suzhou. Chen Qubing had been paying close attention to national construction for more than ten years before his death. From 65438 to 0906, he accompanied Sun Yat-sen to inspect Hangzhou Bay and Zhapu Port successively, which played a very good auxiliary role in the formation of Sun Yat-sen's "industrial plan". Sun Yat-sen once had this feeling, "Except for my second son and third son, I have been in Wujiang and Yan ... for ten years, sharing weal and woe, knowing that the sick are more than enough." 1925, when Sun Yat-sen went north, Chen Qubing was always inseparable. Sun Yat-sen's last words, "I want to bury the Purple Mountain", Chen Qubing personally worked hard for this and spent a lot of effort on the construction of Sun Yat-sen's Mausoleum. As can be seen from the above historical facts, Sun Yat-sen and Chen Qubing are not only revolutionary comrades-in-arms, but also comrades-in-arms and brothers. Fan Hongxian, whose real name is Guangqi, whose real names are Gu Hong, Ai Hong, Huang Huang and Xie Ren. , is from Hefei, Anhui. He was a famous bourgeois democratic revolutionist, journalist, commander and martyr of the Iron Blood Corps in the late Qing Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, and was later awarded as an army general. He is known as the public opinion standard-bearer of the bourgeois-democratic revolution in China.
Mr. Hong Xian joined Nanshe for the third time in Bird on August, 2008 19 10. In Nanshe Series, there are some historical materials about the Song Revolution, such as his posthumous work "Mr. Song's suicide note". Fan Hongxian has always regarded Nanshe as a position to publicize bourgeois democratic thoughts and Sun Yat-sen's Three People's Principles. Fan Hongxian 1906 joined the League, and 1908 started Anhui Vernacular Newspaper with Li Feng in Shanghai. 1May, 909 to 19 13 and1May, he helped Yu Youren to establish three newspapers, Humin Daily, Xumin Daily and CoCo Lee Daily, and served as the chief writer. He participated in the establishment of three newspapers, the People's Daily being the longest. He published papers and short comments signed by Ai Hong, criticized the Qing court with sharp writing, liberal arts and literary talent, advocated revolution and democracy, won the love of the people, and attracted the attention of reactionaries at home and abroad. Dr. Sun Yat-sen often said, "Fan Jun's one move is better than a hundred thousand divisions." It can be seen that Sun Yat-sen knows the importance of revolutionary public opinion and attaches great importance to Fan Hongxian. However, Fan Jun also knew that the revolution could not only be successful through propaganda. At the same time, he actively participated in the political, military and organizational planning of revolutionaries, running around and doing his best. 1908 Anqing New Army Uprising, 19 10 Guangzhou New Army Uprising, Huanghuagang Campaign, Wuchang Uprising, and the recovery of Shanghai and Nanjing were all planned and put into action by him. In the Behavior of Mr. Fan Hongxian, there is a description of "The Battle of Guangzhou, the teacher of Wuchang, and the contribution of Mr. Fan's staff planning".
The provisional government of the Republic of China was established in Nanjing. However, the Qing court regarded Yuan Shikai as dying. Dr. Sun Yat-sen announced the Northern Expedition, and Fan Hongxian asked Sun Yat-sen for permission to form an iron and blood army to participate in the Northern Expedition. Fan returned to Anhui, went to Jianghuai, recruited 5000 athletes, formed the Iron Blood Corps, and became the commander-in-chief. On February 2 of that year, he published a declaration by Fan Guangqi, commander-in-chief of the Iron Blood Army in People's Daily, saying that he would not * * * with the thieves of Manchu and Yuan, and actively support and help Sun Yat-sen's Northern Expedition. On February 3rd, he set out for Luzhou, divided his troops in Nanjing, and attacked Yingshang and Bozhou. On the 5th, he released Wen Qu, an iron army, and called on the Qing army to defect to the revolution. Due to the interference of imperialism and the vacillation of internal revolutionaries, the North and the South proposed peace, but Fan strongly opposed it. Because of the split within the party, Sun Yat-sen resigned as president and the regime was stolen by Yuan Shikai. Fan Hongxian returned to Shanghai and presided over the writing of People's Daily.
In order to win over Fan Hongxian, Yuan Shikai used high-ranking officials as bait, but was rejected by Fan Yan. But at this time, Fan Xinran accepted Sun Yat-sen's appointment as the director of the political department of the China League, and his love and hate were obvious.
19 13 years, Song was assassinated, and Yuan Shikai's "big loan after the accident" was exposed, which aroused national public outrage. Sun Yat-sen and most revolutionaries advocated military crusade. Fan Hongxian used People's Daily, an important mouthpiece of the revolutionary school, to attack the difficulties first and criticize Yuan thief's heinous crimes. When the Second Revolution was launched, when Li Liejun declared its independence in Hukou on July 2 1, Sun Yat-sen made all localities respond urgently. Fan Hongxian immediately went to Wuhu and called on Li Zhenpeng, the former headquarters of the Iron Blood Corps, to declare independence. The officers and men obeyed enthusiastically, and immediately announced that they would go to beg Yuan in the name of. He also personally went to Zhengyangguan and held a famous Zhengyangguan military meeting with Bai, Ling Yi (Jiao 'an) and Tie 'an. Planning the Bailang Uprising, urging Hu in Anqing to recruit three new brigades anyway, attack Datong, attack Yingzhou and other counties to the north, and form a military force to attack Zhang Xun's department. However, the second revolution failed because of the different pace of the provinces, the disintegration of the revolutionary party, insufficient preparation and the lack of active participation and support from the masses.
After the failure of the Second Revolution, Sun Yat-sen, Huang Xing and a large number of revolutionaries who supported Sun Yat-sen were wanted by Yuan Shikai and fled to Japan. Fan Hongxian was also arrested. He disguised himself as a surname and fled to Japan to meet Sun Yat-sen. Sun Yat-sen decided to form another China Revolutionary Party, which was actively initiated by Fan and joined in and actively developed party member. He really followed Dr. Sun Yat-sen through hardships.
1965438+At the beginning of February, 2004, Fan Hongxian and Chen Fengsun returned to Shanghai on orders from Zhongshan, set up the China Revolutionary Party in songshan road, Shanghai, and planned to set up the China Revolutionary Army to launch a military operation to beg Yuan, rebelling against Zheng Rucheng, the Shanghai garrison. Yuan Shikai offered a reward of 60,000 yuan for the head of the traitor. 1965438+Late at night on September 20th, 2004, Fan Hongxian was drafting a written pledge to fulfill a military order in his office. The assassin sent by Zheng Rucheng stabbed one knife and fired two more shots. He hit the nail on the head and died immediately.
Knowing that Fan Hongxian was assassinated, Sun Yat-sen was heartbroken. After the assassination of Song Dynasty, Sun Yat-sen lost two close comrades in succession. In his letter to Deng Zeru, he wrote: "Fan Hongxian was stabbed in Shanghai a month ago. Fan Jun is an old comrade. He worked in Shanghai for a long time and moved more than half of the northern army. The Yuan thief knew that he was unstoppable, but he was assassinated by hanging red, with a bonus of 60,000, and his death was similar to that of Song. " The government clearly stated: "Fan Hongxian is a martyr, loyal and pure, only slightly better. 19 1 1 During the period of recovery, we reorganized our teachers and gave lectures in Jinling, and achieved remarkable results. Seeking Yuan Zhizhi's battle and moving to Anhui and Shanghai, he was repeatedly in danger and never came back, but he was killed and died, deeply saddened. He deserves special praise to show his potential virtue. Fan Hongxian posthumously awarded the general to show the loyalty of the country. " After that, Sun Yat-sen personally received Mrs. Fan Hongxian in Japan and encouraged her to take good care of her children. If the revolution succeeds in the future, she will definitely take care of her family's life. 1February, 936, Lin Sen and Yu Youren selected tombs for exploration and inspection, and held a state funeral for Fan Hongxian on the hill near Maqun on the east side of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum.