Oral expression ability refers to the ability to express one's thoughts and feelings in oral language in order to communicate with others. In daily communication, people use spoken language the most, so spoken language plays a more direct and extensive communication role than written language. As a way for people to communicate their thoughts and feelings, oral expression has the advantages of convenient application, quick response and high frequency of use.

Modern society is a big cooperative society. People communicate more and more frequently, and with the diversification of information transmission means, oral communication ability becomes more and more important-oral communication occupies an increasing share in modern communication, communication and information transmission. Telephone communication, business negotiation, product promotion, self-introduction and recommendation, etc. Always require the use of oral communication skills. Although successful people may not have good eloquence, people with good eloquence have a greater chance of success. Oral communication ability is a kind of language ability based on society and people can enjoy it all their lives. Strengthening the training of oral communication ability to make oneself have good eloquence is the most important thing in language ability training.

First, the characteristics of oral communication:

First, it is more direct and convenient. Oral communication is a face-to-face communication. The speaker faces the listener directly, so he speaks more pertinently and always knows the receiver's reaction. Therefore, oral communication is more direct and convenient. At the same time, the speaker can tell, observe and judge, listen to each other's conversation at any time, and make corresponding answers very quickly, which can make the communication deeper and more agile.

Second, it is more infectious. Oral English is enlightening and easy to arouse the emotions of the receiver. Speakers can not only emphasize key words with tone and rhythm, but also express their ideas with expressions, gestures, gestures or action expressions, which enhances the situational and infectious nature of communication activities.

Third, the requirement for thinking ability is higher. In the process of oral communication, the speaker's speech activities are all completed in an instant, and there is not enough time for repeated deliberation and revision. To achieve accurate words and clear language, the speaker must be quick in thinking, quick in reaction and accurate in judgment. We should be good at mobilizing the accumulation of all perceptual languages, finding the right words in an instant and accurately expressing our thoughts and feelings.

Fourth, it is widely used and frequently used. In daily life, spoken English is the main tool for people to exchange ideas. As a normal person, you can never write or read, but you have to speak and listen. Therefore, oral communication has a larger audience than written communication.

Fifth, oral communication is a two-way communication activity. People who participate in the exchange will not only listen carefully, but also take up the topic at the right time and talk about their own views and ideas. You come and go, communicate verbally, and realize two-way interactive exchange of information and ideas.

Sixth, oral communication needs more comprehensive expression ability. Since it is face-to-face contact and communication, you need not only listening and speaking skills, but also the ability and accomplishment to communicate with people, behave and talk, improvise and express feelings.

The characteristics of oral communication determine that it must be composed of many factors, among which the main factors are: good language organization ability, agile thinking ability, proper manners and conversation, ability to deal with people and so on. These are the goals of oral communication training.

Second, the basic requirements of oral communication

The most basic requirements of oral communication are: speaking rationally, speaking sentimentally, speaking meaningfully, speaking orderly and speaking well. When speaking Mandarin, try to speak accurately and clearly, use appropriate intonation, pay attention to sentence pause, and control the speed of speech, so that the intonation and speed of oral expression are natural, generous and appropriate. At the same time, it should be vivid, vivid and lively.

Have a quick tongue. Speak Mandarin with a loud voice, clear articulation, correct pronunciation, coherent tone and clear expression.

(2) the center is clear. Define the center of speech and speak around it; Good at grasping key concepts, opening the topic with a clear aim, and answering accurately and appropriately; Discuss the problem logically and express your own views.

(3) distinct levels. "Speak" from beginning to end, with clear purpose, prominent focus, clear and rigorous thinking, clear organization and distinct levels. Only in this way can we speak in an orderly way, which is conducive to clarifying our own views and convincing each other.

(4) Sincere feelings. Speak naturally, generously and appropriately, and speak with expression. Handle intonation, rhythm, tone, passion, euphemism, humor and sincere feelings.

(5) Be able to listen carefully to other people's conversations, understand the main contents, ask people for advice on things they don't understand, and discuss different opinions with people.

(6) Be able to tell stories clearly and express your feelings and thoughts.

(7) Have the confidence to express, be able to express their views and impress people with words.

(8) When talking with people, be natural, generous and polite.

Third, the main factors affecting oral communication ability

The strength of people's oral communication ability is mainly determined by their thinking level, ideological accomplishment, knowledge base and language sensitivity.

(A) thinking ability

"Language is directly related to thinking, which records and consolidates the results of people's thinking activities, the results of cognitive activities, words and sentences composed of words, thus making the exchange of ideas in human society possible." (Stalin's "Marxism and Linguistics", page 20, People's Publishing House, 1957) Without thinking, there would be no language generation and development; Without language, thinking activities will lose their foundation; Language is a tool of thinking, and the content and way of thinking are embodied through language. The development of thinking plays a positive role in the development of language.

1. Thinking ability determines language expression ability.

The content of thinking is expressed through language, but the content of expression is determined by the content and form of thinking. You can't say unexpected things naturally-thinking ability determines language ability.

2. The development of thinking promotes the development of language.

The development of human thinking has gone through several main stages, such as direct behavior thinking, concrete image thinking, abstract thinking and logical thinking, and the development of language is a direct reflection of these stages. The expression of word meaning, word formation and grammatical structure are all restricted by the development of thinking form to varying degrees. People's thinking level or thinking form restricts their specific language expression and content.

(2) Ideological cultivation

Thinking is the core of language. Without ideological meaning, language becomes a meaningless shell. Only a language with rich ideological connotations can truly be called an expressive language. Similarly, only with rich thoughts can people's language expression ability be strong. Therefore, strengthening ideological cultivation is the most fundamental way to cultivate and improve oral English ability.

(C) language intuition ability

In the process of oral communication, correctly understanding the meaning of the other party's words is the premise of sorting out your own words, finding the starting point of conversation, quickly starting the topic and improving the pertinence of words. Whether you understand the meaning of the other person's words correctly or express your own ideas accurately, you need a good sense of language, which is what people call a sense of language. What is a sense of language? Language sense is a person's overall intuition and understanding of language at the moment of contact with it. It is a kind of ability that perceptual thinking and rational thinking work together to identify and understand language in a very short time and accurately grasp it.

Language perception begins with perception, and the whole process includes complex psychological factors such as perception, perception, memory, association and thinking. A keen sense of spoken language and written symbols is the first condition to form a sense of language. The formation process of language sense is just as Lenin said: "People's practice has been repeated thousands of times and is fixed in a logical case in people's consciousness." After a long period of conscious or unconscious language practice, the meanings of words and phrases and the collocation rules of words are consolidated and accumulated in the form of "case" and stored in the brain, forming a hidden language rule. Once the hidden language rules in the brain are formed, when people accept speech information again, these hidden rules will play a "standard" role and quickly process and judge new speech information. Therefore, people with a strong sense of language will understand as soon as they listen to others. Express your thoughts, and when you say it, people will understand what you mean; Read the article and you will understand it as soon as you read it; Write an article, write thousands of words, in word order. Language sense can not only feel the form of language, but also gain insight into the connotation of language.

(D) Rich corpus accumulation

The formation of language ability has its own special law-the richer the perceptual accumulation of language, the faster the formation and improvement of language ability. Therefore, strengthening corpus accumulation is an important way to improve oral communicative competence. Corpus accumulation mainly includes the following aspects:

First, vocabulary accumulation as a language building material is poor. When speaking and writing articles, we often can't find the right words to express our meaning, so there will be the problem of words not expressing their meaning. If you have a rich vocabulary, you will be handy to use it. Speaking and writing like this can not only express your meaning accurately and vividly, but also make the language more attractive.

The second is the accumulation of idioms, such as aphorisms, aphorisms and proverbs. Proverbs and aphorisms express profound thoughts in the form of easy-to-understand language, which has the functions of enlightening people, making people understand and inspiring people. Being good at using them in oral communication can not only enhance the expressive force of language, but also enhance the speaker's personal charm to a certain extent, so that communication can achieve the ideal effect. To skillfully and properly use them, we must strengthen the accumulation in this area.

Third, the accumulation of classic paragraphs. In the process of oral communication, properly quoting classic paragraphs can not only enrich the conversation and make it more convincing, but also enhance the speaker's personal charm. For example, if you tell others the truth of being a man, you might as well quote General Feng Yuxiang's message to Zhang Xueliang: "Be careful, be careful, learn to lose, learn to make people more convincing, be patient and be frugal; Don't brag, don't lie, be honest, thick and pure is fundamental. " The quotation of classic paragraphs like this can greatly increase the charm of language. Therefore, in the usual reading, we should pay attention to consciously accumulating some classic paragraphs.

The ability to choose words and make sentences

The ability to speak and write is first manifested in the ability to choose words and make sentences. Strong ability to choose words and make sentences, and strong oral communication skills. Therefore, in order to improve oral communication ability, we must strengthen the training of word selection and sentence making ability.

Whether speaking or writing an article, the basic requirement of choosing words and making sentences is "accessibility". "Accessibility" means "keep your word", that is to say, what you say or write can accurately express your meaning, and others will understand it at a glance without misunderstanding. In other words, to strengthen the training of the ability to choose words and make sentences, one is to cultivate the ability to use words correctly, and the other is to cultivate the ability to make sentences fluently.

Fourth, the basic skills of oral communication

As the saying goes, "It is wise to speak skillfully in three words." To achieve the success of oral communication, you must pay attention to conversation skills. There are many kinds of conversation skills, and the most basic ones are as follows:

(1) Be outspoken.

"Good medicine tastes bitter and is good for illness, but advice when most unpleasant is good for action." We may as well call a spade a spade when giving advice, exhortation, criticism and suggestions to others. As long as it is from the heart, speaking frankly can often be normal and achieve good results.

(B) euphemistic circuitous

Euphemism refers to avoiding the other person's positive psychological defense, beating around the bush, from far to near, from there to here, so that the other person will unconsciously accept your idea. The president of a Japanese company has encountered an extremely thorny commercial dispute. He intends to let Mr. Zhang, a senior minister, handle it, but he is afraid that Mr. Zhang will misunderstand his demotion. So, the president invited Mr. Zhang to his office and first introduced this thorny dispute. Then ask Mr. Zhang to recommend the right person to handle this matter. Teacher Zhang recommended several presidents one after another, but they were not satisfied. Then the president asked several candidates, and Mr. Zhang felt that no one was suitable for the position. Finally, as the president expected, Mr. Zhang offered to handle this business dispute by himself.

This is a clever use of euphemism. The president didn't simply give orders by power, but started with emphasizing the importance of the work and the incompetence of other subordinates, and expressed his trust and affirmation of Mr. Zhang's ability in diplomacy, so that he volunteered and took the job automatically.

Move with emotion, understand with reason

Oral communication is often about reasoning with others, which requires the speaker to reason first and then explain the reason to others on this basis. Moreover, in the process of oral communication, the power of emotion can not be ignored. Because persuading others will cause some psychological pressure to the other party more or less, the other party will be indifferent and disgusted. Therefore, only "reason" may not be convincing, and it needs to be supplemented by "emotion" to balance each other's psychology and narrow the emotional distance with each other, and then it is rational. People who are indifferent to the grass and trees and those who are moved by emotions can often dispel opposing emotions. People who are good at speaking always mobilize all the emotional factors that are conducive to persuading each other, or make a speech or be earnest, and influence each other with their true feelings and heartfelt words to make them accept their own views. Touching the dragon and saying Zhao in the warring States policy.

Let the facts speak for themselves

In oral communication, we often try our best to convince others, and the best way to convince others is to let the facts speak for themselves. Let the facts speak for themselves, that is, in the process of oral communication, convince yourself by citing the recognized and irrefutable facts of the other party.

(5) Metaphor through comparison

Metaphor has the functions of simplifying and simplifying. In the process of oral communication, the use of metaphorical reasoning can make abstract truth concrete, clear and simple, so that people can understand it as soon as they listen.

During the Warring States Period, someone said to Liang, "Hui Shi is a good metaphor. If we limit him, he will say that he is unreasonable. "

One day, King Hui of Liang said to Hui Shi, "Please speak directly from now on, and don't use metaphors."

Hui Shi smiled and replied, "If someone doesn't know what a bomb is, and I explain that the bomb is shaped like a bomb, can he understand it?"

King Hui said, "How can you understand?"

Hui Shi said, "What if I told him that the bomb is shaped like a bow, but bamboo pieces are used as bow beams and silk ropes are used as bow strings?"

Liang: "Of course I will understand."

Hui Shi said: "It is an art to use what people know to trigger the unknown. We have art in our hands, how can we abandon it? " Liang nodded in agreement.

(6) Playing hard to get

Playing hard to get is not to express different views on the other party's views or behaviors, but to identify with some subordinate views of the other party first, so that the other party loses psychological vigilance and resistance. Then, the conversation turned sharply, pointing out the mistakes of the other party's views and making them agree with their own.

Five, how to improve oral communication ability

(A) cultivate good listening habits

Oral communication is a two-way communication activity. You can't simply instill your own ideas into others, but also learn to actively listen to each other's conversations. Speaking is an art, and listening is an art in art. Listening is a kind of respect, respect, understanding and piety for others, and it is the most precious gift for friends. Listening is the acceptance of the heart, the transmission of love, and sincere feelings are dedicated in peace. Listen, listen, engage. Deep thoughts are harvested in silence. We don't have to complain that we are not good at words. As long as we listen carefully, we will win friendship and respect. In communication, nothing can help you succeed in communication more than being a listener.

If you know how to listen, you can understand others more deeply, know yourself, treat yourself objectively and dialectically, learn from others' strengths and make up for your shortcomings. The more you listen, the smarter you will become, the more information you have, the more people will like and accept you, and you will become a better conversation partner.

To train oral communication ability, we must first cultivate good listening habits and learn to listen. Good listening habits include:

1. Listen attentively to each other's conversation, let him feel your piety with your pious eyes, win his approval and gain his trust. Don't do irrelevant actions: read text messages, manicure, yawn ... Everyone wants his speech to attract others' attention, otherwise, what are his interests and uses?

2. Be good at using body language, be close to the speaker, lean forward and listen attentively. Make sure people feel that you are eager for what he said and don't want to miss a word. Let the speaker feel that you are listening attentively. In the process of listening, give necessary feedback through language or other means at any time. For example, when you agree with the other person's point of view, you can nod your head gently; Show your smile when you are interested in what he said; Use "hmm" and "oh" to show that you are really listening, encourage the other person to go on, and so on.

3. Ask some clever and appropriate questions. Let the other person know that you are listening carefully by asking questions. By asking questions, the conversation can go further. Ask questions skillfully and appropriately, and avoid asking too many questions blindly. If allowed, concise questions will let the speaker know that you are listening carefully. For example, "What happened next?" "Your conclusion is ..." Remember, asking questions is also a higher form of flattery.

Don't interrupt the speaker's topic. No matter how eager you are for a new topic and how much you want to express your opinion, don't interrupt the speaker's topic. You should silently keep what you want to say in mind until he finishes, and then express your opinion. What the speaker hates most is that others interrupt his speech. Because it will interrupt his thinking and make him realize that you don't respect him.

5. Help each other introduce new topics in time. The speaker always likes others to listen to him quietly from beginning to end, and prefers to be introduced into new topics, so that he can take the opportunity to show his charm. You can try to add: "Can you talk about a certain problem again?"

6. Be loyal to what the other person says. No matter how much you want to change the topic to something else and achieve the expected purpose of your conversation with him, you still have to wait for the other person to finish before changing the topic.

7. Express your point of view skillfully, and don't express or stick to the point of view that is obviously inconsistent with the other party, because the other party wants the listener to "listen" to him, or wants the listener to put himself in his shoes instead of giving him advice. You can cooperate with each other's evidence and put forward your own opinions. For example, after the other person has finished speaking, you can repeat a certain part of his speech or a certain point of view, which not only proves that you are paying attention to what he said.

8. Listen between the lines. A clever listener can not only be satisfied with superficial listening and understanding, but also hear something in the speaker's words, infer hidden information from his language situation and body movements, and grasp the speaker's real intention. Only in this way can he achieve real communication.

In the communication field, people who are eloquent are not necessarily good at communication, but those who are good at listening are really good at communication. When they can speak, they are often exaggerated. If they talk too much, they will lose. Listening quietly not only has these disadvantages, but also has the advantages of listening to others. Listen carefully, make less immature comments and avoid unnecessary misunderstandings. A large number of facts have proved that the failure of interpersonal relationships or what to say is because you listen too little or don't pay attention to it. For example, before other people's words are finished, you rush to say something irrelevant and irrelevant; You can't wait to express your views and opinions before others can hear you clearly; The other person is talking to you in high spirits, but you are wandering, squinting and still playing with this and that. Who wants to talk to such a person? Who likes to be friends with such people? Therefore, listening to other people's conversations with understanding is the most effective way to maintain interpersonal relationships and friendship.

(B) to strengthen thinking ability

Language and thinking are interdependent and inseparable. Language activities are inseparable from thinking. Language is the content or result of thinking, and it is also a tool of thinking. The level of thinking often affects the level of language. Language is the coat of thinking. People can only speak clearly if they think clearly and understand. The process of speaking can also exercise the agility, order and accuracy of thinking. In the process of cultivating oral communicative competence, language training and thinking training are always closely linked. People should use language when thinking. People use language to express their thoughts. Without language, thinking can't go on. When thinking stops, language disappears. Thinking and language are so closely related. Therefore, to cultivate language ability, we must start with developing thinking ability. People's thinking energy is great. Developing thinking resources will make people's thinking potential play a greater role and their oral communication ability develop faster. Thinking training has two main points:

1. Train the orderliness and agility of thinking. The relationship between oral English training and thinking training is inseparable-the development of oral English and thinking is synchronous, and the order, hierarchy and logic of speaking are all reflected in thinking activities. Quick thinking leads to fluent speech, and slow thinking leads to silence. Similarly, rich imagination not only makes people have something to say, but also makes the content lively and interesting.

2. Cultivate good thinking habits. A simple way is to find two or three short articles with strong ideological and artistic quality to read silently. What are the advantages of doing so? What is the theme of this article when reading silently? What materials are used to illustrate this center? How did it start? How did it end? What are the characteristics of language? In the process of silent reading, we should think, ponder, draw lessons from and get the training of thinking, so that we can speak with emphasis, logic, materials and content. This is the advantage of silent reading.

(C) to strengthen the perceptual accumulation of language

1. Strengthen perceptual accumulation and enrich oral materials. The most effective way to learn a language is to feel, understand and accumulate language materials. The rich accumulation of language materials not only makes you have something to say, but also makes you feel comfortable when you speak. Therefore, strengthening the perceptual accumulation of language and enriching oral materials are important contents of oral communication ability training.

2. Strengthen life accumulation and improve ideological understanding. Having substance in words is the key to the charm of oral English-whether it is enlightening, enlightening or aesthetic pleasure, which requires the speaker not only to have rich life accumulation, but also to be thoughtful and knowledgeable. Where do ideas and opinions come from? One comes from reading and the other from life experience. Observing things around you and analyzing what you see and hear can enhance your understanding of things. Only by actively participating in life, experiencing life with heart, enriching life experience and increasing life accumulation can we enhance our ability to express life.

(D) to strengthen oral practice

1. Tell ancient and modern stories. Myths and legends, fables, anecdotes and jokes at all times and all over the world can be used as topics to train oral expression ability. When chatting and having fun with others, don't always play the role of audience, but be good at finding appropriate opportunities to tell stories stored in your brain to others. When telling, try to make the plot complete, vivid and passionate. Pay attention to tone and passion at the same time.

2. Explore social hot issues. Strengthening ideological cultivation and enhancing the ability to understand and analyze problems is the fundamental way to cultivate and improve Chinese ability. The most effective way to improve the ability to analyze and understand problems is to care about and actively explore social hot issues. Because the hot social issues we are facing are of general concern, people have various views on these issues. We can get a lot of insights from people's different views on these issues.

3. Strengthen reading and reciting. Reading aloud and reciting is a way for oral language to express written language. It can make people's oral language receive strict training and is an effective means to improve their oral expression ability. Reading and reciting not only have the function of deeply understanding the text content and enhancing memory, but also can improve people's ability to express their thoughts correctly and expressively. In addition, reading can also enhance people's sense of language, increase vocabulary and get in touch with various sentence patterns.

First of all, determine the appropriate intonation when reading aloud. Read the sentences clearly. The thoughts and feelings of poetry should be expressed by the level, weight and speed of the voice. To do this, we must reconstruct the situation described in poetry through imagination and have a deeper understanding of the basic ideas of poetry. The deeper we understand the content of poetry, the better the expression of reading and reciting.

4. Give full consideration to listening, speaking, reading and writing. Oral communicative competence is an important aspect of Chinese proficiency, which permeates, promotes and develops harmoniously with other language abilities. The stronger your listening ability, the richer the materials you will speak, the richer the content you will speak, and the deeper your understanding of the meaning of the other party's speech, so that your spoken English can be more targeted and expressed more accurately. Reading can not only accumulate language materials, but also accumulate grammar knowledge. Make language expression more free and standardized. Tight and orderly writing can correct common language diseases and improve the quality of speaking. The four abilities of listening, speaking, reading and writing are closely related, restricting and promoting each other. Therefore, oral training can not be carried out in isolation, and attention should be paid to listening, speaking, reading and writing.

6. Cultivate the good habit of observing things. Observation is an important way to know objective things and obtain perceptual materials. Only by careful observation can we understand the specific characteristics of things and their many connections, and we can tell the content completely, concretely and accurately. Therefore, cultivating good observation habits and improving the ability to understand things are important contents of oral communication ability training.

7. Learn a language in daily communication and cultivate oral communication ability. Daily life is the most widely and frequently used field. Learning languages in daily life and consciously cultivating oral communicative competence by using daily oral communicative practice are important ways to cultivate oral communicative competence.

8. Strengthen the training of diction and sentence-making ability. The ability of oral expression is first manifested in the ability to choose words and make sentences, including two aspects: one is to use words accurately and properly to express the meaning clearly; Second, the sentence must conform to the grammatical norms, and the meaning must be accurate, appropriate and vivid. The main methods of sentence-making training include linking phrases, using words to make sentences, expanding sentences, supplementing sentences, choosing sentences and answering questions.

9. retell. Retelling is to describe the content of the reading text in your own spoken language. Doing so will help you understand the content of the article, increase your vocabulary, cultivate your generalization ability and improve your oral expression ability, especially your coherent speaking skills and the ability to selectively highlight key points. There are three main ways to retell:

First, repeat in detail, that is, repeat clearly, clearly and coherently according to the order of the text.

Second, a short retelling. That is, according to the order of the text, delete those minor explanatory or descriptive parts and grasp the main things in the article to repeat.

Third, creative retelling, that is, not only retelling the content of the text, but also adding your own imagination and opinions in the process of retelling. Creative retelling can make more use of its own language narration, which is conducive to the rapid development of oral English.

10. Strengthen language sense training. Sense of language is the core factor of oral ability. To improve oral English ability, we must strengthen language sense training. The most effective way to cultivate language sense is to read aloud, which can directly strengthen oral English. Therefore, strengthening reading aloud is the most effective way to cultivate and improve oral English.