Haimen, Jiangsu, originally from Changshu. Born in Changle Town, Haimen (now Changle Town).
1869, Rugao people changed their names to Zhang Yucai, and were admitted to a scholar, but they were blackmailed. 1885, Shuntianfu township entrance examination, 1894 (20th year of Guangxu), Empress Dowager Cixi set up Cohen examination on her 60th birthday, won the first place in the examination and was awarded the Hanlin Academy. 1904, the Qing government awarded him three titles. 19 1 1 served as the president of central education, the interim speaker of Jiangsu provincial parliament and the premier of Jiangsu province. Nanjing government was established in 19 12 as the chief industrial officer. 19 12 served as the chief agricultural officer of Beiyang government and the chief water conservancy officer of the country. After witnessing the invasion of foreign powers, he resolutely gave up his official position and embarked on the road of saving the country through industry.
A famous industrialist and educator in modern China advocated "saving the country through industry". He founded more than 20 enterprises and more than 370 schools in his life, which made valuable contributions to the rise of modern national industries and the development of education in China, and was called "the first industrialist". When talking about China's national industry, Comrade Mao Zedong said, "Light industry can't forget Zhang Jian of Haimen".
At the beginning of the 22nd year of Guangxu (1896), Zhang Zhidong sent Zhang Jian, Ding to set up commercial bureaus in Tongzhou, Suzhou and Zhenjiang respectively, and Zhang Jian set up cotton mills in Nantong and Suzhou respectively.
Sheng Da cotton mill was originally identified as a commercial office. Zhang Jian tried to raise funds through official investment promotion office and joint venture between government and business, but the results were very small and the funds raised were very limited. Zhang Jian had no choice but to ask the government for help. 1896 1 1 In June, Zhang Jian shelved Zhang Zhidong's "Westernization" in the 19th year of Guangxu (1893) in Shanghai through Liu Kunyi, the former governor of Liangjiang and Minister of Commerce of Nanyang. Sheng Xuanhuai, who monopolized Westernization enterprises in the form of official supervision and commercial office and joint venture between official and commercial enterprises, was also buying machines, so he divided these machines with Zhang Jian, each with 20,400 ingots, at a price of 252,000 official shares and 252,000 commercial shares. Official shares do not count profits and losses, but only take official profits by year, which has become a "gentry-led business" nature.
In the 24th year of Guangxu (1898), Sheng Da Cotton Mill officially broke ground at Taozhuba, Tangjiazha, west of Tongzhou, and was completed and put into operation the following year. After several years of dismal operation, Sheng Da Cotton Mill has gradually grown. By the 30th year of Guangxu (1904), the factory had increased its capital by 632,000, with more than 20,000 spindles. In the thirty-third year of Guangxu (1907), Sheng Da No.2 Factory was established in Chongming jiulong town (now Qidong City), with a capital of100000 yuan and 26000 spindles. By the third year of Xuantong (19 1 1), the net profit of Sheng Da No.1 Factory and No.2 Factory was about 3.7 million yuan. Starting from 190 1, with the support of Liu Kunyi, governor of the two rivers, coastal wasteland was reclaimed at the junction of Lvsi and Haimen, and a cotton mill with 65,438+10,000 mu of cultivated land-the raw cotton base of Tonghai Reclamation Animal Husbandry Company was built. With the continuous accumulation of capital, Zhang Jian founded Guangsheng Oil Factory, Fuxing Flour Factory and Zisheng Metallurgical Factory in Tangzha, and gradually formed Tangzha Town Industrial Zone. At the same time, in order to facilitate the transportation of equipment, machinery and goods, he built a port along the river west of Tangzha-Tiansheng Port. Later, a power plant was built in Tiansheng Port, and a road was opened between towns, making Tiansheng Port gradually become Nantong at that time. The appearance of modern warp spinning industry at the end of 19 changed Nantong's urban function from exchange type to production type, and Nantong became one of the early national capitalist industrial bases in China.
The development of national industry needs science and technology, which prompted Zhang Jian to set up a school and first devoted himself to normal education. In February of the 28th year of Guangxu (1902), Zhang Jian was invited by Liu Kunyi, the governor of the two rivers, to discuss the promotion of learning in Jiangning. Liu Kunyi agreed, but was stopped by San Francisco Wu, Xun Daoxu and Yan Daohu. Zhang Jian sighed, but he planned to set up an autotrophic normal school in Tongzhou with Luo Shuyun, Tang Shouqian and other colleagues. The plan is that Zhang Jian has earned 20 thousand yuan at public expense with interest since he took office in Tongzhou Cotton Mill for five years, encouraging him to set up subsidies. On July 9, the same year, Tongzhou Normal School chose the Qianfo Temple in the southeast of Nantong as the school site to start construction, and the school officially opened the following year. This is the first normal school in China, and its construction marks the beginning of the specialized organ of normal education in China.
1905, Zhang Jian and Ma founded Fudan University in Wusong, the predecessor of Fudan University. 1907 founded agricultural schools and girls' normal schools, 1909 advocated Tonghai five-genus public middle schools (now Nantong middle schools). 19 12 years, medical school, textile school and hohai engineering school (the predecessor of hohai university) were established one after another, and a number of primary schools and middle schools were established one after another. 1909, Zhang Jian founded the shipping department of Shanghai Higher Technical School of the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, which was once called "Wusong Merchant Shipping College" because it was located in Wusong. After liberation, the school was reorganized into Shanghai Navigation College. From 65438 to 0953, Shanghai Maritime College, Northeast Maritime College and Fujian Maritime College merged to form Dalian Maritime College, which is today's Dalian Maritime University. 19 12 years, Zhang Jian founded Jiangsu Fisheries School in Laoximen. 19 13 years, the whole school moved to Wusong, so it was called Wusong Fisheries College, the predecessor of Shanghai Ocean University today. 19 17 With the support of Zhang Jian, Tongji Medical Engineering School (the predecessor of Tongji University) reopened in Wusong. 192 1, Shanghai Business School was established in Shanghai. Shanghai Business School was formerly Nanjing Normal University, and later Nanjing Normal University was expanded to National Southeast University. Zhang Jian is one of the main founders of National Southeast University. In order to provide technical strength for various enterprises, Zhang Jian attached great importance to vocational education. Surveying and mapping, sericulture and other subjects in normal schools have developed to more than a dozen vocational schools, among which textile, agriculture and medicine have made remarkable achievements. Later, it was expanded into a college, and 1924 was merged into Nantong University.
In the 31st year of Guangxu (1905), Nantong Museum, the first museum in China, was established in Tongzhou. Junshan Meteorological Observatory was established in 19 15. In addition, libraries and schools for the blind and deaf have been established. 19 1 1 served as the president of central education, the interim speaker of Jiangsu provincial parliament and the premier of Jiangsu province. Nanjing government was established in 19 12 as the chief industrial officer. 19 12 served as the chief agricultural officer of Beiyang government and the chief water conservancy officer of the country. After witnessing the invasion of foreign powers, he resolutely gave up his official position and devoted himself to the road of saving the country through industry. 19181kloc-0/On October 23rd, Xiong Xiling, Cai Yuanpei and others initiated and organized a peace meeting.