1. Pedagogy in its infancy: people's cognitive activities on education mainly stay at the level of experience and customs; Pedagogy works mostly appear in the form of papers, lacking scientific theoretical analysis and forming a complete system; The main ways of thinking and discussing pedagogy are mechanical analogy, metaphor, epigram and fable.

2. The founding stage of pedagogy: education has become a special research field; Formed a special educational concept or concept system; Use scientific research methods; Systematic pedagogy works; Specialized educational research institutions have emerged.

3. Scientific development of pedagogy: From/kloc-0 to the second half of the 9th century, a group of educators advocated the establishment of scientific pedagogy. At the beginning of the 20th century, due to the popularity of experimental pedagogy, traditional pedagogy was impacted by the ideological trend of scientific pedagogy, forming a worldwide research movement of scientific pedagogy.

4. Development stage of pedagogy: Since the 20th century, many new pedagogy schools and important pedagogy works have appeared: experimental pedagogy, cultural pedagogy, pragmatic pedagogy, Marxist pedagogy and critical pedagogy.