Before the Song Dynasty, there were no "big shots" anywhere. This word has always been the name of this dynasty in the Han Dynasty, just as Ban Gu wrote in "Yan Feng Ran Ming Shan", "Let's settle down our heirs, expand our territory, and cheer up the voices of great men." The "big man" used to refer to people did not appear until the Southern Song Dynasty, and it was first seen in York's "? H history ",that is," there was a family named Tang in Gusu, with a brother and a sister, all of whom were two feet long, and everyone in the village called them Tang ",but this word really became a household name, and when the vernacular novels in Ming and Qing Dynasties became popular.

The protagonist in the novel

Neither Yi nor Jane's books have been widely circulated. At least compared with the vernacular novels that emerged in Ming and Qing Dynasties, it can only be regarded as a minority reading. For literati who pay attention to and pursue elegant works, this kind of novels are just so-called "trail" works, but among ordinary people, many vernacular novels have shown great vitality after publication and have been greatly sought after, becoming extremely popular "bestsellers" at that time-for example, The Romance of Sui and Tang Dynasties written by Chu Renhuo, whose fame far exceeds its strong book collection.

The Legend of the Tang Dynasty is a novel of the Sui and Tang Dynasties that appeared later than the Romance of the Sui and Tang Dynasties. This book is the most popular novel of its kind. In the anti-Sui uprising of "eighteen roads against the king, sixty-four roads against the smoke", efforts were made to shape the images of a number of Wagangzhai uprising heroes. The crock was in Huaxian County, Henan Province, but the uprising of these heroes began in Jinan, Shandong Province, and many of the main targets and famous heroes of this uprising were from Shandong.

Qin Qiong (Uncle Bao) is one of them. Qin Qiong is a real person in history. He was Zhang Xutuo, a general of the Sui Dynasty. Zhang Xutuo was defeated, joined the crock, and later joined the Tang Dynasty. He was brave and good at fighting, and left General Wuwei and Hu Guogong. However, in folklore and opera novels, he mainly appears as a fugitive in Wagangzhai. Even Qin Qiong, who was only listed as the 16th hero in the Tang Dynasty, was the first hero in the eyes of the masses. There are countless folk drum novels and operas, such as The Legend of the Horse, Qin Qiong Beating Dengzhou, and The Return of Qin Qiong. Although they are not well-known stories, they are enduring. The Peking Opera "Qin Qiong Selling Horses" is also the masterpiece of the famous Peking Opera actor Tan Xinpei.

Apart from The Legend of the Tang Dynasty, Water Margin, one of Four Great Classical Novels's works, has a greater influence on the people. Outlaws of the Marsh is based on the historical basis and the prototype of the story. After the long-term evolution of oral literature such as folklore and parallel revision, it was finally compiled and created by literati, which lasted for more than 400 years. The story took place in Liangshan Lake, Shandong Province (named Dongping Lake only in Xianfeng period of Qing Dynasty), and my hometown is now Liangshan County, Shandong Province. Many famous heroes are from Shandong. From the origin, Water Margin 100? Among the eight heroes, there are as many as 38 people from Shandong (plough 12, dungeon 26), mostly distributed in Liangshan, Yuncheng, Liaocheng and other places in western Shandong. Zhang Tianlin, a modern educator (a native of Jinan, Shandong Province) said that there are two kinds of personalities that dominate the hearts, words and deeds of Shandong people. One is Confucius and the other is Liang Shanbo's hero. Confucius' morality is their inner belief, and "Heroes of the Water Margin" is their external words and deeds.

The most intuitive impression of these Liangshan heroes lies in their tall and powerful figure and tough and rough appearance. Although the Water Margin has written more than 100 heroes, only Lu, Lin Chong, jy, Yan Qing and others were created by the author with a lot of pen and ink. They are not only "upper class figures" who represent the overall characteristics of Liangshan heroes (Jin Shengtan's words), but also ideal heroic images in people's minds. The description of these heroes in the novel is: "(Lu) was born with a round face and big ears, a straight nose and a square mouth? 66? Eight feet long and ten feet wide at the waist "; "Song Wuyou is eight feet long, handsome and strong, with thousands of pounds of strength? 66? "； "(Lin Chong) was born with a leopard head and leopard eyes, a moustache and a body of eight feet? 66? "With the widespread popularity of Water Margin (Harmony) in the whole Han cultural circle, this impressive description makes people (Shandong people and foreigners) naturally associate the word" Shandong "with" Dahan ". Wu Jinding, a famous archaeologist at home and abroad, once bluntly said: "Shandong people are famous for their bravery. Over the past ten years, the author has traveled all over the country, visiting more than 89 provinces, and listening to people talk about it everywhere. Shandong people are courageous and love to fight. The reason for pursuing this reputation is obviously partly due to misunderstanding of chivalrous novels and gossip. "

Since the Qing Dynasty, Shandong people have become more and more famous. This can be seen from the traditional farce "Seventy-two Tenants" in Shanghai. They are usually "fist-selling friends" such as police and manual workers. In the19th century, westerners from Lian Gang knew the "martial" nature of Shandongese. The same is true of Lian Dongfang's contemporary Japanese neighbors. In the 1970s, Ryujima wrote a military fantasy novel "Soviets Landing in Japan" describing the Third World War, in which the plot of the Soviet landing in Shandong Peninsula was frustrated. The author did not forget to borrow a book and said, "The soldiers in Shandong were and are strong now." Ichiro Sakamoto also mentioned in the book Face and China People that "most people in Shandong have smooth skin, strong physique, leisurely pace and graceful demeanor" and "Shandong people are more famous for their stubborn physique than their brains". Undoubtedly, this is the image of "Shandong Dahan" in the eyes of the typical public.

However, this seemingly unquestionable public perception is actually contrary to today's facts. As far as height is concerned, as early as in the Report on the Physical Health Monitoring of Students in China (199 1 year) compiled by the State Education Commission of People's Republic of China (PRC), the average height of young men in Shandong at that time was only 17 1.69 cm. It is not only shorter than students in Beijing (174.75 cm) and Tianjin (172.55438+0 cm), but also shorter than students in southern Shanghai (172.78 cm), which is probably unexpected. In terms of physical fitness, Shandong people today are not outstanding. According to the statistics of 20 10 and 20 14 compiled by the Group Department of the State Sports General Administration, the people with the best physical fitness (national physical fitness level) are not from Shandong (only ranked eighth), but from Shanghai who no one would expect, and even the second place is from the Yangtze River Delta region. Zhejiang, 20 14), even in the northern region, the national physique level of Shandong people is not as good as that of Beijing residents, which is almost impossible to calculate from the image difference of "five big and three thick, as strong as cattle".

The sharp contrast between reality and imagination is mainly caused by economic reasons. After all, the development of social economy directly affects the income level, medical and health level, social welfare security system and other basic living conditions related to people's livelihood and health, thus affecting people's nutritional intake, diet structure, lifestyle, medical care and old-age insurance and many other factors that can directly affect human growth and development. In fact, even in Shanghai, in 1992, the daily intake of protein in Jing 'an District in the city center was 89 grams, which was more than that in Nanhui County in the suburbs (63 grams) 1/3. In the reality of the objective differences between urban and rural areas, it is not surprising that Beijing and Shanghai, as the provincial administrative regions with the highest degree of urbanization, their citizens are ahead in height and physical quality.