Teaching principle is a very important knowledge point in the second subject of primary school in the teacher qualification examination, and it is also a place where we are prone to make mistakes when doing problems. Moreover, for everyone, there are many knowledge points in this part of teaching principles. There are eight teaching principles, and individual principles are similar, so students are very easily confused when doing problems. For example, "the principle of integrating theory with practice" and "the principle of intuitive teaching" are often confused by many students. Therefore, in order to ensure that there are no mistakes in the examination process, we must have a deep understanding of the relevant contents of the knowledge points, and we need to guess the ideas of the questioner's proposition when doing the questions. During the exam, this part of the knowledge points is given by both subjective and objective questions, so we are preparing for the exam. The perspective of objective questions sometimes gives us corresponding examples or proverbs and asks us which principle we embody. The subjective point of view is to give you the corresponding materials and ask us which principle the teacher's practice in the materials follows or violates. No matter what angle the problem is, only by knowing ourselves and ourselves can we be in an invincible position. I will explain the contents of "teaching principles" in detail below.

1. The principle of combining science with education

This principle should not only teach students the basic knowledge and skills of modern advanced science, but also combine the inherent moral education factors in knowledge and skills to educate students on political, ideological and moral qualities.

Note: This principle is mainly based on the law of the unity of imparting knowledge and cultivating moral character. When giving examples of multiple-choice questions, the point of view of the questioner is generally the deeds of some celebrities, such as Yue Fei and Madame Curie. For example, the teacher explained that Madame Curie discovered radium and inspired students to learn the spirit of Madame Curie's courage to explore, which embodied this principle.

2. The teaching principle of integrating theory with practice

The principle of integrating theory with practice means that teaching should be based on learning basic knowledge, understand knowledge from the connection between theory and practice, and pay attention to using knowledge to analyze and solve problems, so as to achieve the purpose of applying what you have learned.

Note: This principle emphasizes that teachers should pay attention to integrating theory with practice in teaching, and correctly handle the relationship between direct experience and indirect experience, perceptual knowledge and rational knowledge, and the combination of speaking, practicing and learning, so that students can master more comprehensive scientific knowledge and develop skills and techniques for solving practical problems. For example, when reading thousands of books, it is better to take Wan Li Road and Zhao Kuo as an armchair strategist.

3. The principle of intuitive teaching

Teachers should make full use of students' various senses and existing experience, enrich students' direct experience and perceptual knowledge through various forms of perception, so that students can obtain vivid representations and master knowledge in an all-round way. Intuitive teaching can be divided into three categories: object intuition, model intuition and speech intuition.

Note: The specimen belongs to the object intuition, and the geography teacher said that the earth holding the globe belongs to the model intuition, but if the geography teacher said that the globe holding the globe belongs to the object intuition. Comenius regards the principle of intuitive teaching as the golden rule of the world map. Ushinski pointed out that "generally speaking, children rely on form, color, sound and feeling to think" embodies the principle of intuition. The difference between it and the principle of integrating theory with practice is whether there is this concept in real life, but the specific concept is divorced from the real thing, and it is an intuitive teaching principle for teachers to explain it with the real thing, model and language. But if there is no such concept in life, it is the principle of integrating theory with practice for teachers to help students understand with examples in life.

4. Enlightening teaching principles

According to the objective laws of the learning process, teachers use a variety of teaching methods to fully mobilize students' learning initiative and enthusiasm, guide students to think independently, explore actively and study lively, consciously master scientific knowledge, and improve their ability to analyze and solve problems.

Note: There are common sayings in the exam, such as: "Tao leads to traction, strength leads to restraint, and greatness leads to greatness", "The teaching of a gentleman is a metaphor", "Don't be angry, don't be angry, don't be impatient" and so on.

5. The principle of step-by-step teaching (also called systematic principle)

Teachers teach in strict accordance with the internal logical system of scientific knowledge and the order of students' cognitive ability development. Progressive "order", including the logical order of textbooks, the development order of students' physiological rhythm, the development order of students' cognitive ability and the order of cognitive activities itself, is an organic combination of these four orders.

Note: There are some common sayings in the exam, such as "learning is worse than waiting", "giving without restraint", "giving without paying attention to grandchildren" and "learning without teaching".

6. Integrate teaching principles

Teachers should guide students to grasp knowledge and basic skills firmly on the basis of understanding, and present them accurately when necessary, so as to facilitate the application of knowledge and skills.

Note: The principle of consolidating teaching is based on Ebbinghaus's law of memory forgetting curve. Ushinski, the founder of Russian educational psychology, said that "review is the mother of learning" embodies this principle.

7. Ability principle (also known as acceptability principle)

Refers to the teaching activities should be suitable for the development level of students. This principle is put forward to prevent the teaching difficulty from being lower than or higher than the actual level of students.

Note: The principle of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude measures students' strength and is formulated according to Vygotsky's theory of the zone of proximal development. Wang Shouren, an educator in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, embodied this principle in his "Being kind to others".

8. Teaching principle of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude

Teachers should proceed from the unified requirements of curriculum plan and subject curriculum standards, face all students, and carry out targeted teaching according to the actual situation and individual differences of students, so that each student can develop their strengths and avoid their weaknesses and obtain the best development.

Note: The common test questions are "a key opens a lock", and Zhu's evaluation of Confucius is "Confucius teaches students in accordance with their aptitude, big and small".

Although this knowledge point is difficult, in the process of examination, the topic set by the questioner is the most basic. In the process of writing questions in recent years, this part often examines example-based multiple-choice questions. Therefore, in the process of review, we should consciously pay attention to the definition of foundation.