1. Why should we learn Mandarin, starting with children?
(1) Early childhood is a critical period for language learning and oral English formation. Children like to imitate, dare to speak, and like to associate with others. If the best age for children to learn a language is influenced by dialects, it is difficult to correct it. We grew up in Jiaodong with our grandparents before the middle class. After entering the park, it is difficult for him to communicate with everyone. Because of the great difference between Jiaodong accent and Mandarin, he didn't want to talk, and his personality became introverted. After nearly a year and a half of practicing Putonghua, some pronunciations are still Jiaodong dialect intonation. It can be seen that dialects have influenced children's language learning and emotional communication.
(2) Speaking Mandarin is conducive to literacy and reading, laying a foundation for children to master written language and understand the meaning of words after entering school. Forming a good sense of language in Putonghua learning is also beneficial to foreign language learning in the future. Oral training in early childhood will enable them to master a certain number of words, form a unified understanding of the sound, form and meaning of words, promote the formation of sound discrimination ability, and be conducive to children's independent learning. Examples like this abound. "Harvard Girls", "Cambridge Boys" and "gifted teenagers" all speak fluent Mandarin and read a lot of books independently. From the perspective of early education, children who can't speak Mandarin fail at the beginning!
(c) Prevent basic mistakes in pronunciation and avoid misunderstandings in oral communication.
On one occasion, the teacher organized the children to talk about their parents' living habits, and made it clear that their mothers liked "old vinegar cabbage" best. A child next to her stood up in surprise and said that my mother also likes "old vinegar cabbage", and explicitly refuted that I said "old cu (kitchen) cabbage" … but clearly read "kitchen" as "vinegar". It is understood that Mingming's mother's hometown is in Inner Mongolia, and the dialect habit is that one or two tones except three tones are close to four tones, and the pronunciation is not accurate. Mingming's father's Mandarin is relatively standard, so that Mingming can tell whether others' pronunciation is correct, but his own pronunciation is not accurate. This phenomenon is more difficult to correct.
Second, analyze the reasons why dialects have a great influence on children's Putonghua learning.
Why do dialects have such a great influence? There are two main reasons for this:
(1) Dialect is an emotion. Many parents who grew up in dialect areas think that "it" can truly express their feelings. In addition, many parents worry that their children's grammar and pronunciation are not up to standard, which will have a bad influence on their children. They usually communicate in dialects, and children imitate them directly, which affects children's Putonghua learning. Some parents said that it was not ignorance, but their own conditions were not enough. For an obvious example, what kind of language environment is created for children in early childhood, what kind of language will children form. Parents communicate with their children in dialects, and children respond in corresponding languages (dialects).
(2) Dialect is a complex. Dialect is always associated with native land. Parents want their children to "never forget their roots" and "never forget their roots", so that children can also feel the language of "native land". Although our garden is in the urban area, the parents of children are mostly rural, and the communication between children is influenced by their parents, so they have to communicate in dialects.
The author made a random survey of six kindergartens in Dongying. The results show that among the 60 parents in two kindergartens in Shengli Oilfield, 53 parents usually communicate with their children in Mandarin. Among the 60 parents in two kindergartens in Dongying, 39 parents usually communicate with their children in Mandarin. Of the 60 parents in two kindergartens in the county, only 1 1 usually communicate with their children in Mandarin. The corresponding survey results show that the Putonghua level of oilfield children is higher than that of Dongying city, which is much higher than that of counties. It can be seen that parents' habit of speaking Putonghua directly affects their children's Putonghua level. In a class investigated by the author, 8 of the 20 children in the class confused the flat and sticky tongue sounds, and 4 confused the root and tip of the tongue sounds. In the long run, it will inevitably hinder the development of oral expression ability.
In order to overcome the adverse effects of dialects in Putonghua teaching, we must fundamentally understand dialects.
Dialect, also known as local dialect, is generally defined as "dialect is the actual existing form of different regions in their existing regions." For example, Shandong dialect is the existing form of Chinese in Shandong.
For example, in my investigation of kindergartens in Dongying City, it is interesting to find that there are differences not only between Mandarin and dialects, but also between dialects. For example, a dialect in Guangrao, Dongying: "It snows, the sky is white, the underground is white, and Liaochuni (everywhere) is white, but Lijin dialect doesn't know what Liaochuni means. It can be seen that the dialects used by children in the same area are also not conducive to communication.
Thirdly, we can take the following measures to overcome the influence of dialects in Putonghua learning.
(A) for parents and teachers to create a free and relaxed pure Putonghua context.
The new "Outline" proposes to create an environment for children who want to speak, dare to speak, like to speak, have the opportunity to speak and get positive response. So should the study of Putonghua. Adults should be kind and natural, insist on communicating with children in Mandarin, and humbly encourage and praise children to speak bravely.
(2) Adults should strengthen language cultivation and pay attention to the exemplary role of language.
1, don't say spells, don't say uncivilized words, so as to avoid bringing bad influence to children. For example: a more popular colloquial language-wow, cool. ......
2. Don't speak incomplete words and dialects. For example, a child told the teacher: I am thirsty and want to drink water. Most of these dialects come from children's family life. It has a great influence on children's learning written language. In particular, parents who have been speaking dialects should try to avoid speaking dialects.
Children are good at imitating and willing to communicate with others. Parents should take advantage of the situation and communicate with their children in Putonghua, which requires parents to have a high level of Putonghua.
(A) by listening to stories, saying tongue twisters, watching useful cartoons, reading books and other methods, expand children's living space, enrich life content and broaden their horizons. For example, in telling stories, you can repeatedly practice such difficult tongue-spitting sounds as "leaves" and "teachers".
(2) Do a good job in correcting Putonghua.
1, the teacher's correct demonstration: the teacher should speak to the children in formal Mandarin, make the speech complete, and clearly explain the correct pronunciation to the children, so that the children can imitate it slowly.
2. Provide opportunities to practice pronunciation and repeat training for individual incorrect pronunciations and inappropriate sounds. To find out the disadvantages, make it clear from the pronunciation position, pronunciation mouth shape and language sense. For example, the pronunciation of "kit-Chen" and "vinegar" in the above example-the difference between ——ch and c, the difference between two tones and four tones, and so on.
3, randomly correct in one day's life and cultivate the ability to distinguish sounds.
4. Parents actively cooperate to consolidate the good language habits formed by children in the park.
Because children's language has the language characteristics of the main members of the family, teachers should take the initiative to contact parents and let them know their own language characteristics. First, they should abandon the difficult, outdated and vulgar elements in dialects and gradually correct and improve them.
To sum up, the most important thing for children to learn Putonghua is to create a language environment for them. As long as children can tell that this is a dialect and that is Mandarin, they can understand that these two "characters" have different pronunciation systems and distinguish them, and master the pronunciation rules, then dialects are not difficult to overcome.
Fourth, reflection, common progress and common growth.
As carriers of two different cultures, Mandarin and dialects can coexist. Promoting Putonghua is not to restrict children from speaking this "dialect" in any environment, but to let children learn to distinguish between dialects and Putonghua. In fact, dialects don't need to be taught, let alone protected, and which dialect area children live in will be subtly influenced. Relevant research shows that the language development of four-year-old children has basically ended, and the language development mechanism has begun to stabilize according to their own national or regional language habits. Adults should insist on speaking Mandarin. Mastering the basic characteristics of two languages will help children to enhance their bilingual awareness and lay the foundation for foreign language learning in the future.
With the progress of science and technology, Mandarin will become the city language in the new era. We should open our minds, talk to our contemporaries and promote Putonghua to the end. From the perspective of children's long-term development, schools, families and society need to make efforts, especially parents should gradually strengthen language cultivation, insist on speaking Mandarin, overcome the influence of dialects, purify and purify our national language, and let Mandarin build a beautiful bridge for children's growth.