Herbart's main works include General Pedagogy: General Practical Philosophy, Psychology Textbook and several letters about the application of psychology to pedagogy.

I. Herbart

Johann friedrich herbart, 1776- 184 1 was born in oldenburg on May 4th, and 14 graduated from the University of Jena in August. He is a famous German philosopher, psychologist and founder of science education.

He first put forward the concept of "education and teaching", thinking that pedagogy should be based on psychology and ethics, and then put forward a relatively complete curriculum system, which laid the foundation for the establishment of modern curriculum theory. His book General Pedagogy is recognized as the first pedagogic work with a scientific system.

Second, Herbart's philosophy of education

Herbart is a pioneer in making pedagogy an independent science, an advocate of "education and teaching" and an inventor of the teaching form stage, which occupies an important position in the history of modern western education.

Herbart clearly put forward the scientific problem of pedagogy. In his view, "pedagogy, as a science, is based on practical philosophy and psychology. The former explains the purpose of education; The latter explains the ways, means and obstacles of education. " He established the teleology of education on the basis of philosophy, the teaching theory on the basis of psychology and the moral education theory on the basis of ethics, thus laying the foundation of scientific pedagogy.

Herbart clearly put forward the idea of "education and teaching" for the first time in the history of western education. Before Barthes was impressed, educators usually studied and expounded moral education and teaching respectively, and education and teaching were usually given different purposes and tasks. What is impressive is that Bart's pioneering contribution lies in clarifying the connection between education and teaching.

Herbart's educational thought not only promoted the development of German educational theory and practice, but also had a great influence on the education of many other countries in the world. At the beginning of the 20th century, it was introduced to China through Japan, which promoted the transformation of educational concept and the development of educational practice in China at that time. After the first world development, with the rise of progressive educational thoughts and other places, the influence of Herbart's educational thought and Herbart school gradually declined.