1, Xue Ji is the earliest educational work in the world. Xue Ji's educational principles are: teaching should learn from each other's strong points, teaching according to the time, practicing without paying attention to frugality, being good at saving losses, being strong and restrained, being open and reaching, and hiding and resting.
2. Xunzi believes that human nature is evil and needs to be changed through external education, so Xunzi is the representative of China's ancient Westernization Theory. He advocates the teaching method of "listening, watching, knowing and doing", but he unilaterally emphasizes that students obey teachers and advocates that "teachers are also floating clouds".
Socrates' greatest contribution to educational theory is "midwifery".
4. Plato's educational thought is embodied in his masterpiece The Republic.
Aristotle is an encyclopedic philosopher in ancient Greece, who first put forward the view that "education follows nature".
6. quintilian was the first educator in the west who devoted himself to education. The representative work The Principle of Eloquence is the first educational monograph in the West and the first teaching method book in the world. The budding of class teaching system.
7. Bacon first proposed that pedagogy is an independent discipline. Kant first taught pedagogy in universities.
8. Comenius, a Czech educator, is known as the "father of pedagogy". His book On Great Teaching marks the beginning of the formation of an independent discipline of pedagogy. The main educational viewpoint is that teachers are "the most glorious profession under the sun", and "all-round intelligence" education is put forward, which theoretically discusses the idea that education should conform to nature for the first time.
9. Rousseau, a French educator, put forward naturalistic education and children-oriented thought in his masterpiece Emile.
10, Pestalozzi is a Swiss educator and the founder of primary schools in the history of education. In his masterpiece "Lianhard and Godud", he put forward "educational psychology" for the first time, advocating naturalistic education, emotional education and love education.
1 1. Locke is a British educator. His masterpiece "Random Talk on Education" puts forward "gentleman education" and "whiteboard theory".
12, Stilwell is a German educator, known as the "German teacher's teacher", and his masterpiece is "German Teacher Education Guide".
13, British educator Spencer first put forward "what knowledge is the most valuable", and his masterpiece "Teaching Theory" put forward that "education is to prepare for a happy life".
14, ushinski is a Soviet educator, and his masterpiece "Man is the Object of Education" is called the art of pedagogy.
15, German educator Herbart is known as "the father of modern pedagogy", and his representative work General Pedagogy marks the establishment of normative pedagogy, which puts forward educational principles (teaching is always educational) and four-stage teaching method (clarity, association, system and method), and advocates three centers of traditional education-teacher center, textbook center and classroom center.
16. Dewey, an American educator, is a representative figure of modern educational theory. His masterpiece Democracy and Education advocates that education is growth, education is life, education is the transformation of experience, and education has no purpose. It advocates "new three centers" (children center, activity center and experience center) and "learning by doing".
17. Pedagogy, edited by Kailov, a Soviet educator, is recognized as the first Marxist pedagogy work in the world.
18, Yang Xianjiang's New Education Outline is the first Marxist pedagogy work in China.
19. The new development of contemporary pedagogy theory mainly includes Bloom's teaching goal theory, Bruner's "structural teaching theory", zankov's "development teaching theory", Wagenshen's "example teaching theory" and Suhomlinski's "harmonious education thought".
20. Famous educators in China include Cai Yuanpei, who advocates "five educations" and "replacing religion with aesthetic education", Tao Xingzhi, a great people's educator, Yan, the father of civilian education, Huang Yanpei, a pioneer of vocational education, Liang Shuming, a pioneer of rural education movement, etc.
2 1. In China, the word education first appeared in Mencius, and Mencius was the first person to use "teaching" and "teaching" together. Mencius believed that the purpose of running education was to "understand human relations".
22. Education in a broad sense includes family education, school education and social education. Education in a narrow sense refers to school education.
23. The essential attribute of education is to cultivate people's social activities purposefully. The social attributes of education are eternity, historicity, inheritance, class nature and relative independence.
24. The level of productivity development restricts the educational purpose, curriculum and content, the scale and speed of educational development, the school structure, and the methods, means and organizational forms of learning.
25, education is a necessary means of labor reproduction, education reproduction of labor force, education reproduction of scientific knowledge and technology.
26. Socio-economic system determines the purpose and leadership of education.
27. Education has the functions of screening, sorting, transmitting and preserving culture, spreading and exchanging culture, and renewing and creating culture.
28. The relative independence of education is reflected in the imbalance with the development of productive forces and political and economic systems, its own inheritance and the influence of other social ideologies.
29. The factors that affect an individual's physical and mental development include heredity (prerequisite), environment (possibility), education (leading factor) and individual's subjective initiative (decisive factor).
30. The education system in a broad sense refers to the national education system, and the education system in a narrow sense refers to the school education system, which is the core of the national education system and stipulates the nature, tasks, admission conditions, study years and their relationships.
3 1. The emergence of modern school system marks the formation of institutionalized education.
32. The main types of various education systems are: dual-track system (represented by Britain and France), single-track system (represented by the United States) and branch education system (China and the former Soviet Union).
33. The modern school system in old China included: 1902 Renyin School System (also known as imperial academy Constitution, the first modern school system promulgated by the Qing government, but not implemented), 1904 Guimao School System (also known as imperial academy Constitution, the first formally implemented modern school system),/kl.
34. Compulsory education originated in Germany, and its basic characteristics are compulsory, universal and free.
35. The hierarchical structure of educational objectives includes: educational objectives, training objectives, curriculum objectives and teaching objectives.
36. The functions of educational purposes include: guidance, adjustment, encouragement and evaluation.
37. The purpose of education is established according to the political, economic and cultural development requirements of a particular society and the physical and mental development needs of individuals.
38. There are two opposing views on the value orientation of educational purposes, namely "individual-oriented theory" and "social-oriented theory".
39. The theoretical basis of China's educational purpose is Marxist theory about the all-round development of human beings. The combination of education and productive labor is the only way to cultivate people with all-round development.
40. All-round development education includes: moral education (soul and commander in chief), intellectual education (premise and support), physical education (foundation), aesthetic education (motivation) and labor technology education.