Author: Jieshi old man As we all know, Tian was the monarch of Qi during the Warring States Period. We learned a text "Horse Racing in Tian Ji" in junior high school. This Tian Ji is the imperial clan of Qi. However, when Sima Qian introduced the Tian Ji family in Historical Records, the title of the article was Chen Wan. Why didn't Tian do "Family Break and Death"? Because in ancient times "heaven" and "Chen" were homophonic. Chen Wan, the ancestor of Qi State, also made Tianwan. Let's take a look at the meanings of "Tian" and "Chen" respectively. First of all, let's look at the explanation of Tian in Shuo Wen Jie Zi Tian Kerwin Chen. The suburbs of eryadish are called pastures, and pastures are also written as fields. Li Xunyun Tian, Kerwin Chen. It refers to the place where seed particles are displayed. "Take it and display it neatly, and call it" Tian ". In ancient times, the place where vegetables were planted was called "garden", the place where fruit trees were planted was called "garden" and the place where valleys were planted was called "field". Later, it was further explained that fields were places where grains and rice were grown. In Yugong, Zheng Xuan explained that "those who can spit out everything are called the land, and according to people's efforts, they get the land, which is called the land." "Biography of the Ram" "Anyone who plows the land is called the land of plowing the soil. Compilation of Classics and Tian Zhe, on the surface, someone has made a contribution. "The Sound and Meaning of the Classics" cited Cang Xie as a "field" to grow crops. " ""field, fill it, fill it with grains. "In a word" and "field" are the land where people can work and get harvest. In ancient times, "Tian" had other meanings. For example, "Tian" can also be used as a verb to mean "farming". For example, Gao Han's ancestral home and Let People Get Land. It means to let the people have land to farm. "Tian" means "hunting". Yi Jie Tianhuo Three Lakes. "Book of Rites Suburb Special Festival" "Only for the field." "Zuo Zhuan" "The first mountain is Xuanzitian." "Books, no escape" and "dare not gather in the field. "Tian" here means "hunting". "Tian" is another name for "hunting". Because birds are photographed in the fields, they are called "fields". In ancient times, people ate meat and wore clothes made of animal skins. Capturing wild animals is as important as farming. . So "field" is regarded as "hunting". Hunting in spring, summer, autumn and winter is an important thing in the ancestral hall. Spring hunting is called "Tian", summer hunting is called "Miao", autumn hunting is called "rot" and winter hunting is called "hunting". "White Rabbit Hunting" "The fields of the four seasons, collectively known as fields. What is a field? Eliminate pests. " In other words, we will hunt in spring, in order to get rid of pests and make crops grow well. ""What are the fields in spring? As far as its real name is concerned, spring is the basis of age. Spring is the beginning of a year, so spring hunting is directly called "field", as far as the real name of hunting is concerned. "Tian" also means taxation. Mandarin, Shandong, Tian Yijing also. " It is noted that "Ji Kangzi bestows land tax" and "Biography of Rams" and "Land refers to the field of a well." "Mencius Li Lou" "Tian, industry also. """and then collect it in the field." The word "Tian" here means tax. Let's look at the word "Chen". We talked about Tian and Kerwin Chen. ""Chen "to show. In fact, the word "Chen" was not written like this in ancient times. The "Chen" on display should be written. Duan Yucai explained in Shuo Wen Jie Zi Zhu that "Chen Ye should be doing" multi ","multi "and" column ",and both Gu and Tian are saying" Chen ". "Tian" and "Chen" train each other because of overlapping rhymes (similar or identical vowels). According to historical records, there is a field after Chen, and there is Chen after the field. From the above, we know that "Tian" and "Chen" had the same pronunciation and training in ancient times. Yes, yes, it's a later word. Let's talk about "Yi" and "Chen" respectively. Let's look at the word "easy" first. "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" is a list. For example, "Han Shi" believed in Nanshan, but Yu Yi did. In ancient times, there was no left ear knife with the word "Yu". As shown in the above picture, the word "Yu" was originally a display word. Later, people used "Chen" to express it. After "Chen", the word "Yu" was abolished. So that most people don't know the word ""now. The original word "truth" or "truth" in the military array is an unreasonable word created by later generations. ""array "and" waste ". The ancient bronze ware was stamped with the seal of "Trapped Sima", which proved that "Trapped" was the original intention of "Array". When we read Historical Records, Hanshu and other historical books, we often have words like "Chen Jun" and "Somewhere Chen Yu". I also know that there was no word "array" in ancient times. The words "Yu" and "Chen" were used by the two armies. The original intention of "military care" was "military care", and later it was used as the meaning of layout and furnishings. Let's look at the derivatives "Chen", "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" and "Chen Wan". After Shun, Gui Man sealed it. "Visible" Chen "is just a place name, but also extended to a surname. Wanqiu is near Suiyang, Henan Province today. There is a hill on the mountain called "Wanqiu". The descendant of Shun Di, Guiman's father was Zheng Tao (an official who made utensils) in Zhou Wuwang. King Wu trusted him so much that he was named Gong Hu. Chen's capital is in Wanqiu. In Shuo Wen Jie Zi, "Chen" is under the left ear knife and "Yi" is under it. This can also show that ""has nothing to do with the terrain, and its original intention is military. And "Chen" means heaped-up mountains (hills) and stands for place names related to topography. Later, the word "Chen" was widely used instead of the word "Yu", so it no longer only refers to place names and surnames, but also has more extensive uses. Let's look at the meaning of "Yi" again. 1. Guangya Poetry says "Yi,". "2." "Zuo Zhuan Wu Zhuan" and "Chen Yuguan". "Chen" here refers to Zhang. 3. "Chen" means "writing a letter". In selected works and ancient poems, "happiness is beyond words" 4. "Chen" means "show". For example, Guoyu Qiyu and Sean Gong Yi. "5." Chen "also means life. Biography of Qiuci in Historical Records "Living in Sanwa. "6." "Wan Chen was excluded. Xunzi Guo Fu and Niangu have matured and accumulated more than enough. "Chen" here is the old meaning. From the above analysis, we know that "Heaven" and "Yu" were homophonic in ancient times. The ancient sound is different from the present sound, so we don't understand why the history of Tianqi was written by Sima Qian as a family portrait of Chen. The difference between ancient and modern sounds is most obvious in The Book of Songs. We don't think it rhymes when we read the Book of Songs today, but the ancients at that time must have rhymed. Today's Mandarin is different from what the ancients said, and the pronunciation of our Chinese characters is constantly changing. Our Chinese characters pay attention to form, sound and meaning. The glyph has changed from Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Dazhuan, Xiaozhuan and Lishu to today's regular script; The meaning of words is also changing, and some words gradually extend other meanings; And the homophony is changing. Generally speaking, the Three Kingdoms used to be archaic, and the tone sandhi began for the first time in the Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. The Tang and Song Dynasties were archaic, and after the Yuan Dynasty it was nearly archaic. We are also gradually getting to know and understand the ancient sound. Zhu, a great Confucian scholar in the Southern Song Dynasty, did not know that the pronunciation was changing at that time. At that time, people didn't rhyme when reading The Book of Songs, so some people proposed to solve the problem by using Ye Yun. "Ye Yun" artificially changes the pronunciation of rhyming words in poems to make them rhyme. Zhu often does this, which is obviously wrong. It was not until the Ming Dynasty that Chang Di first proposed that the ancient sound was different from the present sound, and reading The Book of Songs with the ancient sound rhymed, instead of artificially changing the pronunciation of a word with "Ye Yun". Gu should be the first person to systematically study ancient sounds in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, and the peak period was in the Qianlong and Jiaqing periods of the Qing Dynasty. The "Ganjia School", represented by Dai Zhen, Qian Daxin, Duan Yucai, Wang Niansun and Wang, raised the overall study of exegetics and phonology to an unprecedented height. Through their research, the ancient sound is divided into several rhymes, so that we can understand the ancient "Mandarin". There are endless stories about Chinese characters. Every aspect of form, sound and meaning has a profound historical accumulation. Today I only talked about the tip of the iceberg of phonetics, and I will share its story with you later.