Hamburg is one of the three national cities in Germany (Berlin, Hamburg and Bremen), the second largest city in Germany, the most important seaport and the largest foreign trade center in Germany, the second largest financial center in Germany and the economic and cultural metropolis in northern Germany. It has the reputation of "Bridge City of the World".

Hamburg is an important transportation hub in northern Germany and one of the richest cities in Europe. It has also become the news media and industrial manufacturing center of Germany. Hamburg is a big port in the world and is known as "Germany's gateway to the world". Seaships from all over the world will call at Hamburg Port when they come to Germany.

Besides Seattle, Hamburg is the second largest aircraft manufacturing area in the world, producing "Airbus". Most industries in Hamburg are related to foreign trade. On September, 2065438+2008 1 day, the 7th "China Time" was held in Hamburg.

Chinese name: mbth, Hamburg: German: Hamburg administrative region category: German national municipal district: Federal Republic of Germany jurisdiction: Hamburg * * * Resident: Rathau * * ARKT 1 telephone area code: (+49) 40 Postal code: 20095 Geographical location: northern Germany area: 755 km2(292 m2) Population:. 3 17 people (2006/ 1 1) People's Park Stadium Airport: Hamburg International Airport Railway Station: Hamburg Central Railway Station License Plate Code: HH Mayor: Olaf Scholz (Social Democratic Party) Population density: 2,324 people //mi2(60 18 people/mimi). Daylight Saving Time: Famous universities in Central Europe (UTC+2): Hamburg University's history, geographical environment, transportation, social economy, sister cities, administrative divisions, university culture, brief history, school building, teaching and research, famous actors Hamburg and China. In the 8th century, their first settlement was produced on the banks of the Ulster River (Han in ancient Saxony) not far from the mouth of the Elbe River. In 830, the Holy Roman Empire built a town here called "Hammarborg". In 834, Hamburg was chosen as the seat of the cathedral by the apostle Bishop Ansgar in the north. In 845, 600 Viking warships entered the Elbe River and destroyed Hamburg with 500 residents. The Elbe River became more important in the12nd century. Trade in northern Europe has developed rapidly. 1 189, Hamburg won the concession of Emperor Barbarossa, imposed tariffs on the Elbe River, and later became an "imperial free city". /kloc-after the 0/3rd century, it established a free trade alliance with the port city of North Germany-Hanseatic Alliance. The port of Kukes near the mouth of the Elbe River is the outer port of Hamburg. Hamburg 65438+In the 1920s, the city converted to Lutheran Church, and Hamburg accepted Protestant refugees from Holland and France. At that time, it was under the rule of Denmark and was a part of the Holy Roman Empire. 1768, Denmark recognized it as an imperial free city. In the Middle Ages, there was a city alliance in Northern Europe: Hanseatic League. Hamburg became the most important North Sea port of Hanseatic League, and it was also a transshipment place for grain, cloth, fur, herring, spices, wood and metals. Hamburg itself is famous for its most important export product-beer. Four historical events 1. From 1806 to 18 14, it was occupied by Napoleon's army. On the one hand, the occupation brought democratic innovation to Hamburg, on the other hand, it brought great economic and social suffering to Hamburg. 2. 1842 fire, in which one third of the cities were burned down. But this fire also has its positive side: Hamburg has been modernized. 3. 1943 bombing. The bombing was a response to the German attack, but the heavy blow it brought to the people of Hamburg was only comparable to that of a few other cities in the world. Most of Hamburg was destroyed and tens of thousands of people died. 4. 1962, a large area of northern Germany and Hamburg was submerged in water. Geographical environment Hamburg Hanseatic Free City (German: Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg) is located on the Elbe River in the northeast of Bremen. It is a beautiful port city in northern Germany and the second largest city in Germany, second only to Berlin. Administratively, it is a state, equivalent to a municipality directly under the central government of China, and has the same status as other 15 German federal states, covering an area of 755.3 square kilometers. There are two beautiful lakes in the city center: Au & amp； SzligEnalster and Binnenalster both flow into the Ulster River. Three small islands in the northwest of Beihai 100 km also belong to Hamburg: Newark, Shaer &; OumlRn and nigeh &；; Ouml registered nurse. Geographical coordinates are 53 degrees 33 minutes north latitude and 0 degrees 0 minutes east longitude/kloc-0. It covers an area of 755 square kilometers and has a population of 6.5438+0.73 million, of which 654.38+0.4% are foreigners. Hamburg is a city with a history of 1000 years, and it is one of the ancient cities in Germany. As early as the 4th century BC, Hamburg has become a residential area. From the end of the 8th century to the beginning of the 9th century, Charlemagne of the Roman Empire built ancient castle facilities and towns here, known as Hammarborg. By the end of 12 century, the development of ports and industry and commerce promoted the prosperity of the city. After entering the13rd century, Hamburg established trade relations with Britain, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Portugal and other countries, and successively formed free trade alliances with more than 0/00th port cities in North Germany and Northern Europe, which played a positive role in the European economy in the Middle Ages and was called "Free Trade City". /kloc-In the late 6th century, Hamburg was an important material distribution center in Europe after Amsterdam, the Netherlands. /kloc-In the 7th century, after the disintegration of the Hanseatic League, Hamburg was still the largest of the three trading cities preserved in North Germany, and it is still called "Free Hanseatic City Hamburg". Hamburg once belonged to Denmark and was occupied by France. 18 15 joined the German Federation, 1937 established the Great Hamburg City. In World War II, Hamburg was severely damaged, and the old buildings almost disappeared and were rebuilt after the war. Hamburg is not far from the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. Seagoing ships can sail along the Elbe River from the North Sea to Hamburg. The main road and two tributaries of the Elbe River run through downtown Hamburg. The Ulster River, the Bile River and hundreds of tributaries and small canals form a dense river network, which is spread all over the city. Therefore, Hamburg Port is a dual-purpose port, and has become an important hub of river-sea land-water transport in Europe. Historically, Hamburg Port's ocean transportation and trade have extended to Asia, Africa and America, and its sea throughput of 19 12 has been ranked third, only next to London and new york. Today's Hamburg Port is not only the largest port in Germany, but also one of the most modern ports in the world. Port area 100 km2, accounting for about 1/7 of the total urban area. There are more than 60 large and small docks, which can berth more than 250 large cargo ships at the same time. At low tide, the water depth of the channel is also above 1 1 m, and ships of 10,000-ton class can enter the port from the North Sea along the Elbe River channel120km. The port has more than 300 international routes and keeps in touch with the world's 1 100 large ports, with nearly 20,000 ships entering the port every year and an annual throughput of about 60 million tons. It is known as "Germany's gateway to the world". Hamburg is an internationally famous tourist city with beautiful scenery, ancient culture and many scenic spots, which receives more than 3 million tourists every year. St. Michel's Church is a famous baroque building, which was founded in 1750 and rebuilt in 1907. The top of the church is over 130 meters high, and you can climb to the top and overlook the whole city. City Hall, built in 1897, is a beautiful Renaissance building, with gorgeous external carving, luxurious and elegant interior decoration and famous underground restaurants. Hamburg Art Museum, built in 1868, is one of the famous art galleries in Germany, and has a collection of artistic treasures of famous German and Dutch painters. St James's Church, St Catherine's Church, Foxmark Memorial Tower, History Museum, German Theatre and National Opera House are all famous buildings. Known as the "Pearl of Hamburg", Ulster Lake is divided into two lakes, inside and outside. On several ancient streets along the inner lake, the trees are lush and the flowers are overflowing, while the outer lake is decorated with white sails, swans in groups and tourists are woven. Hagenbeck Zoo, built in 1907, covers a vast area, maintains the original natural environment, and all kinds of animals live freely. It is one of the world-famous nature zoos. The "Plant and Flower Park" near the city center is planted with various plants and flowers, including flower beds, greenhouses, libraries and exhibition halls. Hamburg is a famous "floating city" in Europe, with more than 2,400 bridges, five times that of Venice, Italy, and the largest number of bridges in the world. These bridges decorate the city like works of art. The oldest stone bridge in existence is Guanrui Bridge, which was built at 1633. It is only 10 meter long and its shape is unpretentious. The most modern bridge is the Collbrandt Highway Bridge across the Elbe River, built at 1974, with a length of about 4000m and a height of more than 50m. The bridge deck can accommodate four cars in parallel, so it is called "the first of 100 bridges". Hamburg is the cultural center of North Germany. Founded in 19 19, Hamburg University is the largest university in China. There are also music, art, engineering and navigation schools. Hamburg has developed traffic, and ships can reach the city center from all directions along the river. Many people go to work or go shopping by boat. Land traffic is as dense as a spider web, underground railways extend in all directions, and tunnels are connected at the bottom of major rivers. This 450-meter-long tunnel across the Elbe River forms two links between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait with the Collbrandt Highway Bridge on the river. Hamburg is a big city and port in northern Germany, located at the mouth of Elbe River, Ulster River and Bile River. Hamburg is a big port in the world and is known as "Germany's gateway to the world". Ocean liners from all over the world will call at Hamburg Port when they come to Germany. The traffic in Hamburg is very developed, with many rivers and more than 500 bridges/kloc-0. There are tunnels at the bottom of major rivers, as well as the longest urban underground tunnel in the world. It is more than kilometers away from Beihai 1 10. This natural port extends to the whole wide Elbe River, and the ports are mainly distributed on the south bank, opposite to St. Pauli and Artonne in the city. The north of the port is more than 20 kilometers away from the mouth of the Elbe River 120, and the water depth of the channel is 13- 16 meters, which can be directly reached by large seagoing vessels. There are more than 300 air routes connected with major ports in the world. The cargo throughput is 63 103600 tons (1980). The port area is a "free port" with an area of 16.2 square kilometers, mainly engaged in entrepot trade. Hamburg City Traffic Map-The latest Erlin Excellent Edition Railway Hamburg Central Railway Station is an international hub railway station in northern Germany, one of the first-class railway stations in Germany (the highest level), and the number of passengers is also in the forefront of Germany. There are direct high-speed trains to Berlin, Cologne, Frankfurt, Munich and other important German cities, as well as international trains to neighboring countries such as Denmark, Poland, Czech Republic, Austria and Switzerland. Most socio-economic industrial and commercial enterprises are related to ports (seaports and river ports) and foreign trade. Mainly in electronics, shipbuilding, oil refining, metallurgy, machinery, chemicals, rubber, food and other industries. An important railway hub and air station in Germany. Culture, banking and insurance are developed. There are Hamburg University, art, navigation and other professional colleges and museums. 1842 The fire and World War II were severely damaged, and after the war, a new commercial center was built in the north of the city. The Ulster Lakeside Zone concentrates on the city's main cultural facilities, hotels and office buildings. Hamburg In addition to Seattle, Hamburg is the second largest aircraft manufacturing area in the world, producing "Airbus". Most industries in Hamburg are related to foreign trade. Hamburg is the hometown of musicians Mendelssohn and Brahms. There are many theaters and six museums. There are two universities and many higher learning institutions. The sister city Hamburg and eight cities have become sister cities, and there are some other cooperative cities. In 2007, the city of Hamburg signed a memorandum of understanding with the port of Santander in Tanzania to develop cooperative relations. International Sister City 1957 St Petersburg (former Soviet Union, now Russia) 1958 Marseille (France) 1986 Shanghai (China) 1987 Dresden (East Germany, Now Germany) 1989 Lyon (Nicaragua) 1989 Osaka (Japan) 1990 Prague (Czech Republic) 1994 Chicago (they are: Altona in Hamburg-Mitte, Eim *** üttel in Hamburg-Nord. Together with the neighboring Lower Saxony and Schleswig-Holstein, it forms the Greater Hamburg metropolitan area. Hamburg University Culture Hamburg University is a university located in Hamburg, Germany. It is one of the largest universities in Germany and ranks fifth in the latest ranking of world universities in 20 13QS. Established in 19 19. The university campus is located in Hamburg-Thule, Espes, with a geographical location of 53 degrees 34 minutes north latitude and 9 degrees 59 minutes east longitude. A Brief History of Hamburg 1529 Johannes Bugenhagen is a good friend of Martin Luther. He came to Hamburg, where Protestantism was just introduced, and established a new education and church system. He established an institution of higher learning, John institution of higher learning, in the old St. John monastery in Hamburg. At the same time, the city library established by 1479 has also been updated. Because this middle school is very popular, and in order to reduce young people from high schools in Stade and Bremen from moving to Hamburg, 16 13 established an "academic high school" in Hamburg. Here, students can prepare for university courses in two semesters. At first, there were four professors in this high school, and then there were six. /kloc-in the 0/7th century, the parliament and citizens gradually ignored the public academic education in cities. Hamburg is a commercial republic, whose economic interests lie in the ocean, and the tycoons in the city can meet their educational needs through tutors and private colleges. The most important of these private educational facilities is Hamburg Business School, which was founded in 1768, and its most famous graduate is alexander von humboldt. Another important academic facility is the Hamburg Observatory, which was built in 180 1. Its main task is navigation. Modern Christian Middle School in Artonne, near Hamburg, has been strongly supported by the Danish King, which further intensified Hamburg's interest in public higher education from 1738. 1806, Hamburg had130,000 residents, but John College had only 125 students and academic high schools had only 18 students. From 65438 to the 1960s, universities in Hamburg began to recruit non-Protestant students. At the end of 19, the academic high school was closed, and the city * * established an "Allgemeines Vorlesungswesen Zurweiterbildung und Verbreitung der Wissenschaft", which still exists today. Its teachers are visiting teachers from other scientific research institutions in Hamburg. 1900 established the Institut fü r schiffs-und tropenkheiten. 19 10 Hamburg opened the first public higher girls' school in the city. At the beginning of the 20th century, wealthy businessmen in Hamburg tried to establish a national university. Their suggestions to the municipal government and parliament were not approved. In particular, very influential chambers of commerce are opposed to this plan. 1907 supporters established the Hamburg science foundation and 1908 colonial college. The purpose of the foundation is to support the teaching hall to win scholars and fund research trips. The purpose of the colonial college is to study all the education and research work related to the ocean. In the same year, the city approved a piece of land to build a new building for the teaching hall (Gai Lou's money was donated by a private person). The new building was built in 19 1 1, and now it is the seat of the university's management organization. The outbreak of World War I delayed the plan to establish a university in Hamburg. Free elections were held for the first time after the war in Hamburg. 19 19, a university supporter was elected mayor, and the city Council passed the Interim Law on Hamburg University and Renmin University. The number of professors in Hamburg increased from 19 to 39. In addition to the National Research Institute, the Colonial Research Institute, the Teaching Hall and the Ai Bendorf Hospital (now the affiliated hospital of the university) were also incorporated into the university. From 19 19 to 2005, the University of Hamburg reached its first peak during the Weimar Republic. At that time, the university had four departments and thousands of students. Famous scholars such as Abby warburg and Ernst Cassirer once taught here. By 193 1, the number of university professors has increased to 75. At that time, especially students were hit by the economic situation. 1922, Hamburg student association was established. In the autumn of the same year, the association opened its first student dormitory in Hamburg, and in the summer of the following year, it opened its first student canteen in Hamburg. The University of Hamburg was renamed Lufthansa University during the Nazi period. The books of writers considered bad by the Nazis were taken away from the library. About 50 scholars were fired (including Ernst Cassirer and William Stern), and at least 7 students were arrested for their connection or suspected connection with White Rose, and later died in prison. After 1945, the postwar universities reopened in the name of Hamburg University. Teaching and research work gradually resumed. Initially, the university had four departments (law and sociology, medicine, philosophy and natural science). Theology added in 1954. Law and sociology are separate, and sociology and economics are separate departments. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, a large classroom and a philosophy building were built. The Institute of Botany and the Botanical Garden moved out of the city. In 1970s, with the rapid increase of the number of students, many new buildings were built, which became the landmarks of today's universities. Even so, the original campus is not big enough. Today, Hamburg is full of university buildings. The student movement in Hamburg broke out in Hamburg University in the late 1960s with the May storm. 1969 Hamburg parliament passes new university law. The original department was dissolved and divided into 15 new departments. The autonomy of universities has been strengthened, and the law stipulates the participation rights of students and faculty. 1979 due to the court's judgment, some of these judgments were withdrawn. In 2000, the two law faculties merged. Since1mid-1990s, the expenditure of universities has been continuously reduced, and at the same time, universities have taken measures to shorten the average study time and the interruption rate. In order to coordinate the courses of European universities (Bologna process), universities have to reform their management and learning systems, and this reform process is still going on. On April 1 day, 2005, despite the unanimous opposition of the two universities involved, Hamburg University of Economics and Political Science was merged into Hamburg University. There are 1 1 universities in Hamburg, and the university of Hamburg is the largest. These institutions are completely different in style and have different arrangements and emphases in content. Academic courses are also diverse, and new and diverse international and interdisciplinary learning stages will be set up every semester. In Hamburg, in addition to traditional academic education, master of science and engineering, national examination and master of arts, many majors can also apply for bachelor's and master's degrees, which is more popular internationally. The number of courses taught in English continues to increase. In addition, there are a large number of foreign students and teachers in Hamburg, making this university town an international gathering place for different cultural debates and understanding. As a port city and a world city, metropolis Hamburg provides the best prerequisite for this. The University of Hamburg has more than 46,5438+0,000 students, including more than 3,500 foreign students. It is one of the five universities with the largest number of middle school students in Germany. At present, the school has nearly 500 professors and 1700 scientific workers and researchers. Hamburg's geographical location is close to the sea, so the University of Hamburg has unique conditions and strong strength in marine and climate research (with two special research directions and two scientific research ships), which also provides favorable conditions for environmental research, such as helping related disciplines such as geology and chemical engineering. As a symbol of an international and open metropolis, Hamburg University provides students with a wide choice of nearly 65,438+000 majors. The research of Hamburg University focuses on biomolecular technology (medicine and applied botany). Library and computer resources: It is worth mentioning that the University Hospital of Hamburg, with a history of 100 years, has 1000 beds and is the largest hospital in Hamburg. In addition, the University of Hamburg has more than 65,438+030 libraries with a total collection of 3 million volumes. The University of Hamburg has intercollegiate ties with more than 40 foreign universities. Opera Art The Hamburg Opera House in Germany is also very famous in the field of opera. The first public opera house in Germany is convenient for the completion of Hamburg 1678. At that time, Hamburg people who loved art demanded that the opera house be open to everyone, not just the nobles. The musical "Daphne" composed by Jacob Perry was staged in the palace of Florence aristocrat Garci on 1598, which was a great success. This is considered to be the first opera in history. At that time, it was called Melody Rama. Only four songs have been preserved, and most of the rest have been lost. The play "Daphne" of Hamburg National Theatre was written by Rinuccini. It describes a touching fairy tale with only over 400 lines. The main plot of the story is that "Daphne" is a fairy in the mountains and rivers, dedicated to the moon and Di Anna, the god of hunting. Apollo fell in love with her, but Daphne refused Apollo's love. For this reason, Apollo was extremely dissatisfied and often followed her and controlled her with various tricks. Finally, Daphne's father finally managed to turn her into a laurel tree. Famous Actors Today, the Hamburg National Opera House is world-famous, and the famous Spanish opera actress Montserrat Caballé has gone to the world from here. Known as the world's three tenors, Domingo, Pavarotti and other world-famous opera singers have performed here. Besides, you can often enjoy wonderful plays and concerts in Hamburg. Hamburg and China Hamburg and China have a long history of friendship. Since 1986, a close and good all-round relationship has developed between Hamburg and Shanghai. Hamburg and Shanghai actually have similarities, especially in appearance. Moreover, they are all bustling cities outside the capital, which are fashionable, rich in daily life, beautiful in scenery and similar in climate. But the geographical environment of Hamburg is better, its buildings are not destroyed by too new buildings, and Hamburg is quieter. Hamburg Port and China have an annual cargo throughput of 6,543,800 TEU+400,000 TEU, which is the most important port for trade between China and Europe. Hamburg has more than 300 China companies and more than 700 foreign trade companies engaged in China trade, ranking first in Germany. Hamburg and China not only have economic exchanges, but also develop into education, science and culture.