[Keywords:] Moral education permeates ideological and moral education, teaching and educating people
"New Curriculum Standard" points out: "Primary school Chinese is an important basic subject in compulsory education, which is not only instrumental, but also ideological. Teaching this subject well and acquiring new knowledge is of great significance for implementing the educational policy, promoting the vivid development of students in all aspects of morality, intelligence, physique and beauty, cultivating socialist citizens with ideals, morality and discipline, and improving the quality of the people. " [1] According to this requirement, we must attach great importance to the moral education infiltration of Chinese in primary schools.
Chinese in primary schools is different from other subjects, and it is closely related to moral education. There used to be a textbook of Chinese and ideological morality in the lower grades of primary school. Therefore, although the genre, theme and style are different, the texts selected in Chinese textbooks must be organically unified in ideological content and language form, especially the teaching content based on literary works, which shows the special advantages of moral education (there are many new curriculum textbooks) and inspires students with vivid images and vivid language.
Choose literary works with both literary quality and beauty in Chinese class, and some depict selfless, lofty and upright characters; Some describe the great rivers and mountains of the motherland and show natural beauty; There are ancient and modern poems that express the beauty of language and music, the beauty of words and architecture, and the beauty of poetry rhythm ... These texts all reflect the inner beauty of the works in different ways and are full of simple aesthetic feeling. "Poetry expresses aspiration, and words express aspiration" [2] This is the way of communication and publicity of every literary work and every exquisite masterpiece, which embodies the author's painstaking efforts, persistently expresses the author's pursuit of life, conveys the author's joys and sorrows, and embodies all aspects of human emotions. This kind of function is intuitive, vivid and holistic, which has a far-reaching influence on students. Students learn these texts, on the one hand, feel the beauty of the motherland's language and writing, thus stimulating their thoughts and feelings of loving the motherland's language and writing and Chinese excellent culture, on the other hand, they also have emotional experiences associated with specific moral images. There are many Chinese class hours and long teaching time. Students are exposed to the ideological texts in textbooks almost every day and are subtly educated. Its educational function is incomparable to other disciplines. Primary school students are in the forming period of long body, long knowledge and long moral quality, which has great plasticity. In the meantime, it is appropriate to give him corresponding ideological and moral education. Therefore, it is particularly important to infiltrate moral education into Chinese teaching in primary schools.
So, how to put morality into practice?
First, read the text aloud to find the best "combination point" of ideological and moral education.
In Chinese teaching in primary schools, the most common teaching is speaking and reading. How to infiltrate moral education into lectures and reading texts? I think there are three main aspects.
(A) infiltration of ideological education in language training
In spoken Chinese and reading texts, ideological education and language training should be integrated into one, without the ideological nature of language and writing, and without the lack of ideological language and writing. They complement each other and promote each other. Therefore, a large number of beautiful and thoughtful articles have been selected in primary school Chinese textbooks. These articles use vivid language to create various concrete images, or express the author's thoughts and feelings, or reflect noble moral sentiments. Therefore, to guide students to read the text, we should start with the words, words and sentences of the text and inspire students to taste how the author skillfully chooses words and makes sentences. By this means, students can feel the specific plot in the text, feel as if they saw the person, heard the voice, and felt the scene, so that vivid images are deeply imprinted in students' minds, thus being subtly educated in their thoughts and feelings. For example, the first paragraph of Prime Minister Shili describes the tragic scene of people on both sides of Chang 'an Avenue anxiously waiting for Premier Zhou's hearse. "A grandmother with silver hair, leaning on her back with her hands on crutches ... A young couple ... they squeezed out of the sidewalk and looked around ... A group of red scarves with tears on their faces, holding each other's shoulders and tiptoeing at each other ..." [3] In this period of teaching, teachers can grasp sentences closely related to the central idea and give necessary guidance. For example, reclining, leaning back, squeezing, exploring, and standing on tiptoe, which not only improves students' Chinese ability, but also exerts the educational infection function of the text. Let students be educated by proletarian revolutionaries who love the older generation. Another example is "When Wang Jiwen wakes up ..." [4] In Trilateral, it highlights the soldiers' high sense of revolutionary responsibility and the deep friendship between revolutionary soldiers who share life and death, care for each other and help each other, so that students are educated in patriotism.
(2) Experience thoughts and feelings in repeated reading.
The ancients said: "A husband expresses his words with words, while a reader expresses his feelings with words, seeking the source with them, although he can express his heart." [5] In other words, the author has absorbed certain ideological content in life before writing the article, so the article must be full of the author's thoughts and feelings, or love, or hate, or sadness, or joy. The process of guiding students to read aloud is to help students understand the text correctly and profoundly, and to guide students to read aloud repeatedly with rhythm. The author's thoughts and feelings revealed between the lines are easy to resonate with students, can deeply infect students and cultivate their thoughts and sentiments. For example, in the article Song of the Sea [6], there are three sentences:
1, I see blue sky, white clouds, blue sea and the sun rising in the east.
2. The waves splashing from the bow are singing cheerful songs.
3. Our own oil rig, I seem to hear the sea singing a new song.
The first sentence describes four kinds of scenery. Blue, white, green and red constitute a colorful and beautiful landscape painting, which shows how happy the author is. Therefore, students should be instructed to read the author's happy feelings in a beautiful tone when reading aloud. The second sentence is that the waves are singing How can waves sing? In fact, the author sang happily in his heart after seeing the prosperity of the harbor. Here, students can be guided to read aloud in a cheerful tone, as if singing in their hearts; The "we" in the third sentence refers to China, saying that there was no oil drilling ship in China before, and now our country can build it by itself. This sentence is to express the author's joy and praise the new achievements of socialist construction through Song of the Sea. Here, teachers can guide students to read in a passionate tone and express their pride. Through reading, students can appreciate beautiful sentences on the one hand, and receive ideological education consciously on the other.
(C) linking with students' reality, deepening ideological education
In Chinese class, teachers should rely on teaching materials, insist on positive inspiration and induction, let students connect with their own reality, pour out their inner feelings and inspire each other on the basis of understanding students' thoughts and feelings, so as to be further influenced and infected by text thoughts. For example, in the lesson "My Brother", teachers can guide students to compare with "radish head" according to their own lives. "Radish head eats leftovers, lives in a dark and humid prison, wears clothes that can't be worn out, and writes with a pen that can't be shorter. What about you? " [7] Let students think about what life was like when they were as big as radish head, so as to sympathize with radish head's inhuman life in prison since childhood, arouse students' hatred of Kuomintang reactionaries, be educated to have lofty ideals, cherish today's happy life, study hard, and gradually turn it into their own actions.
Second, the moral infiltration in composition teaching
"Teachers are teachers, so preach, teach and dispel doubts" [8] Moral education is not only a task in ancient poetry teaching and reading teaching, but also an important part of Chinese class-moral education in composition class can not be ignored. The central task of composition teaching is to cultivate students' habit and ability of observing, analyzing and understanding things, and to train students to weave and reproduce things by using or writing language and certain composition skills, so as to achieve certain writing skills. In the process of observing, feeling, analyzing things and writing articles, students will inevitably arouse all kinds of thoughts and feelings, and produce and express certain opinions or comments on what they have written. It can be seen that composition teaching should also assume the responsibility of moral education for students.
(A) to carry out practical activities to infiltrate moral education and stimulate writing.
Students all like to participate in various activities, but most of them appreciate their fun and fun. Teachers should not pay attention to observing the process of activities and understanding the relationship between human beings and ecological balance, but should pay attention to guiding students to observe and discover the characteristics of things in an orderly way, so as to write touching articles. Children are all only children, do not like to participate in housework, and are spoiled by their elders at home. It is necessary to cultivate their labor concept and self-care ability, learn to understand, understand and respect others, and take writing training as the driving force to carry out a series of activities in a planned way. For example, in the classroom, organize activities such as handing in children, and first guide students to learn to cooperate with others in the process of labor, so as to do things well. Through this activity, students can not only experience the hard work and fun of doing housework, but also understand and understand their parents' hard work and cultivate their labor concept. You can also organize students to observe the changes of surrounding scenery in the wild all year round, cultivate students' thoughts and feelings of loving nature, and then write what they have seen and heard in combination with their own feelings. You can also organize students to perform fairy tales that love nature, for example, what should we do if I am XX (Little Flowers, Grass and Small Trees) and encounter the phenomenon of not caring for the environment? Write vivid and touching imaginary compositions, so that students can write compositions through activities and get education through composition training, thus achieving the purpose of educating people.
(2) Infiltrate moral education and stimulate writing through evaluation.
Moral development is the process of improving people's spiritual life in an all-round way, so its evaluation should also pay attention to knowledge, emotion, will and behavior, which is extremely harmonious. In the teaching process, teachers should be good at creating moral situations, allowing students to feel and experience independently in situations, forming their own moral understanding through communication with classmates, taking students to situations, feeling the joys and sorrows of the subject of situations, learning to be ashamed, sympathetic and pitying, cultivating a kind heart and an immortal conscience. The pursuit of self-improvement and transcendence, such as evaluating other people's articles, can be analyzed and evaluated from the aspects of the writing order of the articles, as well as the structure and condemnation sentences of the articles, so that everyone can be infected from the good words and sentences written by others, and more importantly, guide students to evaluate and analyze the author's purpose, such as what does the article praise? Praise what? Tell us what? Ask students to stimulate their writing desire by evaluating other people's good articles. You can use your interest in other people's articles to influence yourself, such as overcoming anger with sadness, thinking with sadness, thinking with anger, thinking with fear, winning with patience and winning with joy.
In fact, cultivating students' ability to evaluate and correct compositions is to cultivate students' ability to distinguish right from wrong. It may be difficult for primary school students to correct their compositions, but teachers can give them proper guidance. No matter whether an article is well written or not, it always reflects the author's views on something and someone. Therefore, in a sense, commenting on an article is also a process of commenting on the moral quality of primary school students. Through mutual evaluation and mutual transformation, students' minds are cultivated in mutual communication and their thoughts are sublimated in mutual enlightenment. Therefore, in composition teaching, we should pay attention to let students be influenced by good moral quality, subtly strengthen the effect of moral education, stimulate students' positive spirit, urge students to develop good moral quality and civilized behavior, and truly "write as it is".
Generally speaking, as an educator, we should understand that the task of education is not simply to spread ready-made knowledge, but to pay attention to the exploration of human potential and infiltrate moral education in Chinese teaching. Teachers should use teaching materials reasonably, find another way, give full play to the characteristics of the subject, integrate ideological education into Chinese teaching, and go deep into students' hearts silently.
References:
1, Jiangxi Education
2. Emotional optimization in Chinese teaching in primary schools
3. "Infiltrating ideological education in Chinese teaching"
4. How to Guide Students to Read aloud
5. Fujian Education (Elementary Edition)
6. "Tell the truth, tell the truth, and educate real people."
7. Guide to Moral Education in Primary Schools
8. "If I were a teacher"
9. "Composition practice"
10, From Problem to Thinking
1 1. Education and People-Selected Reading of Ye Shengtao's Educational Works.
12, Ye Shengtao's education anthology 3
13, Teaching Research of Curriculum Textbook (Primary Edition)
14, Yunnan Education (Primary Edition)
15, moral education in primary and secondary schools
16, the transformation and renewal of educational concepts
17, "What does a teacher's teaching depend on?" —— On the teaching view of the new curriculum