Baoding is located in the middle of Hebei province, the center of the triangle of Beijing, Tianjin and Shijiazhuang, and the Beijing-Guangzhou railway runs through the urban area. Taihang Mountain in the west, Jizhong Plain in the east, Sanguan and Nantong nine provinces in the north are called "the gateway to the world", "the capital of Gyeonggi" and "the south gate of Beijing". Baoding is a city under the jurisdiction of Hebei Province, which now governs three districts (Xincheng, Beicheng and Nancheng), four cities (Zhuozhou, Dingzhou, Anguo and Gaobeidian) and 18 counties (Mancheng, Qingyuan, Laishui, Dingxing, Rongcheng, Anxin, Lixian, Boye, Fuping and Tangxian). The origin of Baoding is related to war. In 295 BC, King Wuling of Zhao made an appointment with Yan Qi to destroy Zhongshan. Zhao Yan has redefined its territory, and now the geographical scope of Baoding is under the jurisdiction of Yan State, and the southern part is Zhao State. According to Ming Hong's "Baoding County Records", Yan Zhaowang once built Yangguangcheng, commonly known as the empty city, 50 miles east of Baoding, which was a city for grazing horses. Baoding is called the south of Yan and the north of Zhao. As can be seen from the above, the earliest towns in Baoding were war-ready cities to defend the security of Yan State. In 960, because the ancestral grave of Zhao Kuangyin, Song Taizu was located in Qingyuan County, Hebei West Road, and Qingyuan was an important frontier of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Song Dynasty set up a garrison in Qingyuan County to guard the frontier fortress. The word "Bao" first appeared as the name of administrative division and place name. Huang Jintai, built by Yan Zhaowang, is located in Baoding area, also known as Jintaidun. Baosai Army and Qingyuan County are now Baoding City. In 19981year, Baojun was promoted to Baozhou, in order to keep security forever. Qingyuan county was renamed Baosai County, and the south border of the city was included in Baosai County to strengthen Baozhou. Baozhou Prefecture is located in Baosai County. 1 127, when the Northern Song Dynasty perished, Jin Bing was trapped in Baozhou, which was still called Baozhou at that time, also known as Jin Taiyi. 1 129, Shuntian Army was established in Baozhou, and Baozhou was the headquarters of Shuntian Army. Baozhou once governed Qingyuan, Mancheng and Suicheng counties. 12 13, the yuan army captured baozhou and burned it for three days, leaving a ruin. In A.D. 12 17, Kim handed it over to the Mongolian army and settled in the city. 1227, Marshal Zhang Rou, the military commander of the Mongolian army, moved his troops from the whole city to Baozhou, painted the streets, appointed residents, set up officials and rebuilt the city. Therefore, Baozhou has become the "Wild Goose South Metropolis". This was the beginning of Baoding with a certain scale at that time. 1239, the Yuan Dynasty changed the Shuntian Army to Shuntian Road, which means "following the destiny" and protecting the country is the rule of the road. Because Baozhou was the southern gate of metropolis in Yuan Dynasty, Shuntian Road was changed to Baoding Road at 1275, which means "defending metropolis and stabilizing the world". The name Baoding has been around ever since. Baoding Road governs Qingyuan, Mancheng, Tangxian, Du Qing (now Wang Du), Xingtang, Quyang, Xin 'an, Boye, Yizhou (including Yixian, Laishui and Dingxing), qi zhou (including Puyin, Shenze and Shulu), Xiongzhou (including Guixin, Rongcheng and Xincheng) and Anzhou. 1386, the Ming Dynasty changed Baoding Road to Baoding House, also known as Jintai County. Baoding City is also called Baoyang County because it is located in the Yang of Baoding Fuhe River. This is the beginning of Baoding Prefecture, which governs 3 states 17 counties. From 65438 to 0669, the governor of Zhili moved from Zhengding to Baoding and became the capital of Zhili. Zhili governs Shuntian (now Beijing), Yongping (ruling Lulong), Baoding, Zhengding, Hejian, Shunde (ruling Xingtai), Guangping (Yongnian) and Daming. 1724, Zhili Governor's Office was changed to Zhili Governor's Office, and its jurisdiction was increased to include Xuanhua House, Rehe Hall, Chengde House and Zhangjiakou Hall in Beikou Road. In 1748, the jurisdiction of Zhili Governor's Office reached 1 1 government (123 county), six states (including 17 county) and three halls (Zhangjiakou, Dushikou and Duolun Nuoer). In Qing Dynasty, Baoding was the residence of provincial, prefectural and county governments. 19 12 years, the capital of Zhili was moved from Baoding to Tianjin, and today Baoding is still the second-class official residence of Baoding House and Qingyuan County. From 65438 to 0935, Baoding was the capital of Hebei Province. 1On September 24th, 937, Baoding was occupied by the Japanese army, and the Hebei provincial government became the government in exile. On June 1946, the Kuomintang Hebei provincial government moved from Beiping to Baoding. Because the counties around Baoding were basically liberated at that time, the Kuomintang Hebei provincial government began to move back to Peiping from Baoding in June 1947+ 10/0. 1948 165438+ Baoding 10 was liberated on October 22nd, and the Baoding Municipal People's Government was established on February 6th. This is the beginning of Baoding. Baoding has jurisdiction over one, two, three and four districts. On August 1949 and 1 day, the People's Government of Hebei Province announced the establishment of Baoding, and decided that Baoding was the capital of Hebei Province and the resident of Baoding Commissioner's Office. On April 1958, the People's Government of Hebei Province moved from Baoding to Tianjin. From 65438 to 0967, Hebei Province moved back to Baoding, and the capital of Hebei moved to Shijiazhuang on February 3 the following year. 1August 968 18, Baoding prefectural party Committee and municipal revolutionary Committee were established. 1982 July19, Baoding Revolutionary Committee was changed to Baoding Municipal People's Government. 1983165438+10/5. With the approval of the State Council, Baoding was upgraded to a municipality directly under the Central Government of Hebei Province. Baoding is a military town and has always been a battleground for military strategists. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Baoding was a battleground for the strategists of Yan, Jin, Zhongshan, Qi and Zhao. In the late Warring States period, after the death of Sun Yat-sen, the border between Yan and Zhao was re-divided, and now Baoding City belongs to Yan again, becoming an important frontier in southern Yan. Today, the "National Stone" of Baoding South Street, commonly known as "Baoding Cracked Melon", is the boundary pillar between Yannan and Zhao Bei. Baoding was first regarded as a military center in Song and Liao Dynasties. Shi Jingtang ceded Yanyun 16, and Taizhou and Qingyuan became marginal cities in the northern part of the late Jin Dynasty. After the establishment of the Song Dynasty, Taizu and Taizong always regarded the recovery of Youyan as a major strategic goal and attached great importance to Hebei's military defense. In 960, Qingyuan County set up the Bulgarian Army, and in 98 1 year, the Bulgarian Army was promoted to Baozhou. Subsequently, Qingyuan county was changed to Baosai county, and the south of the city was included in Baosai county to strengthen Baozhou's strength. Baozhou, Xiongzhou (now Xiongxian) and Bazhou (now Bazhou) are all important places in the north, forming a military defense line from southwest to northeast. Song Dynasty often stationed troops here, and took Baozhou as the northern frontier. Huyan Zan and Yang Si, famous generals in Song Dynasty, were stationed in Baozhou. In A.D. 1000, Yang, an anti-Liao general, was appointed as the border governor of Baozhou. 1003, he was promoted to the garrison of Baozhou, and the river was dug as a barrier to prevent the enemy from invading. Emperor Liao and his mother Xiao committed crimes in the south, and Song Shoujiang Wei Neng and Shipu defeated their pioneers. When the enemy rushed to defend Dengzhou again, Yang held his ground and ambushed Indiana Jones. When the enemy was defeated, Zhao Yan won its will and sent a letter expressing it. 1 125 years, after the nomads captured the northern towns of Baozhou, they went straight to Baozhou without falling. 1 126, nomads from the south again. Because Baozhou is well defended, it is easy to defend but difficult to attack. In order to avoid consuming too much troops in Baozhou, the nomads from the army bypassed Baozhou and went straight to Tokyo (now Kaifeng), the capital of the Song Dynasty. 1 127 years, the nomads from the army broke Kaifeng, captured Hui Zong and Qinzong in the north, and took advantage of the situation to break Baozhou. 12 13, after the Mongolian army was trapped in Zhuozhou and Yizhou, it took advantage of the situation to capture Baozhou. Due to the strong defense of Baozhou, the attack was not broken for several days. So the Mongols changed their tactics, filled trenches, built ladders and tried their best to storm. Because the Mongolian army captured Baozhou, it paid a great price. After three days of burning and looting, Baozhou was in ruins. 1399, Judy, the prince of Yan, launched the "Jing Nan Change" against Wen Jian. In April of the following year, Baoding magistrate surrendered to the prince. Since then, Baoding has become the main military base for Judy to seize power in the south. 1403, Judy proclaimed herself emperor and made Beijing her capital. The Northern Parallel Company was renamed Daning Company and moved to Baoding, where it administered Qianwei, Hou Wei, Zhongwei, Zuo Wei and Youwei, Zijingguan and Maoshanwei. Its garrison in Baoding is about tens of thousands, and it has become a special garrison to defend Beijing. In the Qing Dynasty, Baoding was still an important place in Gyeonggi. The Qing court attached great importance to Baoding's military position. Emperor Qianlong visited Jiangnan six times and stayed in Baoding. 1853, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom went north, Li went north and left, from Zhaozhou, Jinzhou, Gaocheng and other places to Shenzhou in the east. The capital was shaken, and the Qing government urgently ordered Sanglin Qintong to ban soldiers from entering Baoding to guard the portal. Historically, Baoding was once a famous cultural city, known as the "ancient cultural city" and "student city". In Song Dynasty, Baoding had the earliest official school, namely "State School". During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Confucian education in Baoding was relatively developed, and three official schools (official school, health school and county school) coexisted in one city for hundreds of years. There are also 26 social studies and 30 voluntary studies. There are also educational institutions such as Jintai College, Shanggu College and Lianchi College. The Qing government attached great importance to Lianchi Academy, and Emperor Qianlong visited it six times and wrote poems to encourage students. During Guangxu period, academies flourished. Liu Chunlin, the last top scholar in the history of China, was a student of Lianchi Academy. In the late Qing Dynasty, "the imperial examination was suspended to broaden the school". The promotion of new learning in Baoding started from the military academy. 1902, Yuan Shikai trained a new army in Baoding, and successively founded Jiangyang School (predecessor of Baoding Army Military Academy), Army Crash School, Staff School, Surveying and Mapping School, etc. There are more than ten colleges and universities in Baoding. At the same time, Baoding Fuli Middle School, Zhili Girls' School, Zhili No.2 Normal School, Qingyuan Middle School and Yude Middle School also appeared in large numbers. Therefore, Baoding was called "student city" at that time. 19 17 yude middle school offers preparatory classes to study in France, with Li and Li Fuchun as the first classes. 19 18, Liu Shaoqi and others entered the school as the second class. In the modern history of China, many senior military generals were trained from Baoding Military Academy, such as Ye Ting, the famous military general of our party, Li, the backbone of the Revolution of 1911, and the leader of Ningdu Uprising. Many senior military and political leaders of the Kuomintang, such as Chiang Kai-shek, Zhang Qun, Bai Chongxi, Chen Cheng, and Wu, a northern warlord, are also students of Baoding Army Accelerated School or Baoding Army Military Academy. Reference: Hebei Archives Information Network http://61.55.138.243/