(1) The rebellious mentality in this period generally resented and resisted the preaching and suppression of the outside world.
(2) Emotional but unstable. Teenagers are immature, often showing emotional, intense, easily excited when things happen, and there are many emotional States at the same time.
(3) Physiologically, it is another peak of development, especially the rapid development and maturity of sex and the rapid development of puberty physiology and psychology, and hazy sexual desire and a series of related inner experiences begin to appear. It seems to yearn for the opposite sex, but at the same time it shows the psychological characteristics of being sensitive, frightened, curious and shy to the opposite sex communication, and the psychological development is out of sync with the physical development.
(4) I have a lot of troubles in my heart, but I can't find someone to talk to. Parents and teachers don't understand themselves, but they have to hold it in their hearts.
(5) Strong competitive psychology, strong sense of independence, unwilling to be bound, and despising family and school education.
(6) Self-awareness is further enhanced, and others are required to know, understand and respect themselves. Self-evaluation is more substantial and objective than junior high school, which requires self-development and self-realization. However, there will also be conflicts between self and society. Some teenagers are too self-respecting and self-centered, and setbacks will turn into inferiority.
These are the common psychological characteristics of teenagers. After understanding the psychological characteristics of teenagers, we can pay close attention to their emotional changes, gradually cultivate their feelings and pay close attention to them. We should not only judge their thoughts and feelings according to their external performance, but also synthesize all their performances and their personality characteristics for a period of time and draw a conclusion through in-depth and meticulous analysis. Therefore, we need to strengthen teachers' learning and improve their psychological quality and knowledge level. Only in this way can teachers guide them better.
Second, the way to guide young people.
(1) Establish a correct outlook on life. Emotions and feelings are influenced and dominated by the outlook on life. If you have a correct outlook on life, are determined to fight for lofty ideals, and have your own dedicated career, you will be open-minded and your emotions will point to valuable and meaningful right and wrong issues, instead of caring about daily trivia and personal gains and losses. Without lofty ideals, lofty ideals and a correct outlook on life, people are bound to be short-sighted, narrow-minded, haggle over every ounce for personal interests, suffer from loss, and then encounter disadvantages, they will be unhappy, blame others and sulk. Therefore, helping teenagers to establish a correct outlook on life and lofty ideals is one of the ways to cultivate their emotions.
(2) Strengthen communication education. The purpose of communication is to consciously cultivate teenagers' social communication ability, so as to lay a foundation for them to live independently in the future, adapt to the environment as soon as possible and avoid breeding loneliness. At the same time, we can understand the inner thoughts of teenagers, so as to better guide them towards the direction of truth, goodness and beauty.
(3) Reason controls emotion. As mentioned earlier, teenagers are emotionally rich but unstable, facing all kinds of pain, anger,
Teenagers should give full play to the role of rationality and let negative emotions be alleviated and eliminated.
(4) Life and death education is also very important. There are many suicides among teenagers, because their psychology is not fully mature and they lack experience and coping measures in the face of many problems. Life and death education is to let teenagers know the meaning of life and the pain that death brings to their loved ones in a way that they can understand and accept, so that they can cherish and respect life.
Third, matters needing attention
Any kind of educational activity has its own characteristics. The biggest feature of mental health education is that it is an educational activity based on psychology. Therefore, to carry out mental health education, we should pay attention to the following points:
(1) It is necessary to master basic psychological skills and understand the psychological characteristics of teenagers. If you don't know your own psychological knowledge, educating teenagers will only increase their ideological burden, not only can't help them solve problems, but will mislead children.
(2) We should treat the psychological problems of teenagers seriously and objectively. You can't think according to your subjective meaning.
(3) Establish psychological files for teenagers. Record the psychological characteristics, situations and thoughts of teenagers, and make a systematic record and summary.
Fourthly, the significance of adolescent mental health education.
(1) Common manifestations of adolescent psychological problems
In recent years, psychologists and educators in China have done a lot of research on the mental health of teenagers, and found that the psychological situation of teenagers in China is not optimistic at present, and a considerable number of teenagers have psychological and behavioral problems. Mainly manifested in the tension of interpersonal relationship, the pressure brought by study and the difficulties brought by "self", these three aspects are linked together to cause many complications. Such as willfulness, loneliness, anxiety, neurasthenia, poor study, weariness of learning, truancy, violation of discipline, etc., and even vicious incidents such as juvenile delinquency and suicide. Exploring the reasons, we can easily find that teenagers' low psychological quality and weak ability to bear setbacks are an important aspect of the problem. In this regard, if measures are not taken in time, the consequences will be unimaginable. Preventing, reducing and solving these psychological problems of junior middle school teenagers and improving their psychological quality are inseparable from solid and effective mental health education.
(2) Quality-oriented education is to improve the quality of teenagers in an all-round way. In the all-round development of teenagers, good mental health quality is the premise of all-round and harmonious development of personality and the basis and guarantee of all-round development of teenagers' morality, intelligence, physique and beauty. Without healthy psychology, especially teenagers with personality defects, it is difficult to form good moral character. Psychologists have found that teenagers with learning disabilities score significantly higher than ordinary teenagers in tests such as morbid personality, aggression, lying and impulsiveness. For intellectual development and learning, it is helpful to improve learning efficiency, and psychological and behavioral problems such as weak will, weariness of learning, inferiority, carelessness and neurasthenia are the main reasons that affect teenagers' learning. On the other hand, teenagers' mental health and physical health interact with each other. If a person is in a bad mental health state for a long time, anxiety, depression, fear, etc. It often leads to various physical diseases, such as "anger hurts the liver, fear hurts the kidney, and thinking hurts the spleen." Mental health is the basis and condition of teenagers' aesthetic quality. For them, mental health itself is a kind of beauty. Without a healthy mind, there is no external beauty and internal beauty. Mental health education is also helpful to the cultivation of labor concepts and habits, while teenagers with psychological and behavioral problems often adopt an evasive attitude at work. Therefore, mental health education for teenagers is very important for their all-round development, and it is also a basic work for them to effectively engage in social practice in the future.
(3) Mental health education plays an important role in developing teenagers' creative potential.
The talents in 2 1 century will be those with physical quality, psychological quality and social and cultural quality. In order to meet the needs of the future society, school parents must attach importance to the cultivation and education of psychological quality. Because psychological quality plays a fundamental and core role in the overall structure of talents, it is the only basis for giving full play to people's initiative. Through mental health education, teenagers can cultivate good psychological quality, give full play to their subjective initiative, create innovation and tap their great potential, so as to effectively improve the quality level in all aspects and play an important role in their future growth. Some popular educational slogans, such as developing intelligence, learning to learn, learning to create and shaping perfect personality, all summarize some important psychological qualities.
(4) Importance to society From a social point of view, the detection rate of psychological disorders and mental diseases is not only high, but also increasing year by year. Teenagers are in the period of physical and mental development, and most of them are only children. With the intensification of competition and the special family structure of only children, they are prone to various psychological and behavioral problems in study, life, interpersonal communication and self-awareness. 1994 China scholar Li Xiuli's article "Mental illness is the suffering of 2 1 century" mentioned that the Institute of Mental Health of Beijing Medical University conducted a sampling survey in many areas of China during the period of 1980- 1984, and found the incidence of various moderate and severe mental disorders among people over 15. In this case, it is very important for the society to educate teenagers on mental health, help them master the methods and abilities of self-regulation and self-development, improve their psychological quality in an all-round way and realize sustainable development.