Examination-oriented education can be divided into narrow sense and broad sense. In a narrow sense, exam-oriented education is usually regarded as an emphasis on passing exams and measuring students' level by scores, so as to divide the minority and the majority.
The teaching mode with the purpose of selecting people and sending them to school corresponds to quality education. This kind of education system is very popular in East Asia, such as Chinese mainland, Hongkong, China, Macau, China, Taiwan Province Province, China, China, South Korea and Singapore in Southeast Asia. Opponents believe that exam-oriented education pays more attention to the recitation and indoctrination of knowledge and key points, and generally does not pay attention to the cultivation of students' comprehensive ability in the process of education, so it is rated as cramming education and rote learning by some people. However, exam-oriented education has achieved good results in China, Hong Kong and Macao, Taiwan Province Province of China, Japan, South Korea and Singapore. In fact, the development of these regions and countries also benefits from the cultivation of students' ability by exam-oriented education. Exam-oriented education in a broad sense is also called "hard education", that is, "rigid exam-oriented education", which refers to a system in which some educators take advantage of their positions to seek benefits for themselves by infringing on the legitimate rights and interests of students. This system only represents the interests of some educators and seriously infringes on the legitimate rights and interests of students. Its essence is the exploitation system in the cloak of education. "Rigid exam-oriented education" is a system that seriously violates the law. Because it only exists in Chinese mainland today, it is also called "China Education". This educational model is quite popular in rural areas, suburbs and most underdeveloped cities in China.
Edit this paragraph to explain
Education is an activity to cultivate and improve people according to the needs of healthy social development. It should be the basic function of education to make people develop in an all-round way as much as possible, create a growth space with good personality for everyone and provide the greatest innovation power for the benign development of society. The meaning of "taking the exam" is to "cope with" all kinds of necessary exams in education and social life. Education has an element of "examination", and "examination" is a necessary part of education. However, "examination-oriented" must not be extended to most or all of education. When the "exam-oriented" changed into a deformed state, it gradually occupied too much or even all the space of education, and education became a deformed state in order to cope with the exam, and the saying of "exam-oriented education" came into being at this time. "Exam-oriented education" refers to an educational model that is divorced from the actual needs of social development and human development, aims at coping with exams and sending new students to higher-level schools, and violates the laws of educational science.
Educational object
"Exam-oriented education" attaches importance to students with high scores and ignores most students and poor students. Pay attention to students with high scores, or more accurately, pay attention to high scores. This violates the purpose of compulsory education and the principle of "everyone enjoys equal educational opportunities".
Educational content
"Exam-oriented education" closely focuses on the needs of exams and further studies, and implements one-sided knowledge teaching. Only the exam-oriented content is taught, but the cultivation of non-exam-oriented ability is neglected.
Educational method
"Exam-oriented education" adopts the practice of quick success and instant benefit, engaging in sea tactics, guessing questions and betting, working overtime, rote memorization and "cramming", which not only increases students' academic burden, but also makes students' ability not fully cultivated.
Educational evaluation
"Exam-oriented education" requires that all the work of the school should be centered on preparing for exams, that students should accumulate exam-related knowledge and exam-oriented skills to get high marks, and that teachers should regard scores as the only pursuit of teaching and take scores as exam-oriented education to measure the level of students and teachers.
A scale. In order to cope with all kinds of unified exams and exams, lead teachers, teachers and students. Once students fail in the exam, the treatment of teachers will be affected immediately: under the abnormal evaluation mode of "last elimination", not only the professional title will be ruined, but also it may be assigned to remote places. So teachers "teach" students to "learn" to death, and weekends, legal holidays, winter and summer vacations are gone. Every day, they have to "destroy" it until eleven or twelve o'clock in the evening ... It is a vicious circle to make up lessons illegally.
Educational achievements
Under the "exam-oriented education", most students are neglected, tired of learning, one-sided development, suppressed personality and lack the ability to continue to develop. "Examination-oriented education" is a kind of abnormal education, which takes dealing with exams as the focus of the whole education and has a negative effect on the basic functions of education, such as "making people develop in an all-round way as much as possible, creating a good space for everyone to grow up in personality and providing the greatest innovation impetus for the benign development of society". "Exam-oriented education" is an "unhealthy" education that ignores the harmonious and healthy development of human nature for exam scores.
The advantages of editing this paragraph
First of all, since the resumption of the college entrance examination system in China, countless outstanding college students have been trained, and they have become the core strength in various fields. "Examination-oriented education" has played a decisive role in the selection and training of talents in the past twenty or thirty years. Without exam-oriented education, all kinds of talents will not stand out for so many years. Secondly, quality education is the sublation rather than abandonment of exam-oriented education. There is no fixed model for quality education. Only by absorbing and retaining the advantages of exam-oriented education can quality education not "go astray". According to the Nanjing Morning Post on June 7, 2005, Liu Zhenran, an 8-year-old girl from Tianjin, has never taken an exam from primary school to junior high school. This is the "privilege" given to her by her alternative father: as soon as the exam comes, she will take a vacation and return to exam-oriented education.
Play at home. This unusual father's unique way of education has attracted the attention of many educators. Liu Shuhong, an unusual father, resolutely refused to let his daughter take any exams to show his protest against the examination system in China. It is obviously irrational to choose not to take the exam in order to fight against exam-oriented education, but it has fallen into the misunderstanding of "avoiding the exam in quality education" to improve students' quality in an all-round way. All kinds of exams are still means, but the contents, forms and methods of exams should be improved, and the guiding ideology of exams should be changed from "score-only theory" to "testing students' quality". Thirdly, the principle of "fairness and justice" of "exam-oriented education" must be incorporated into quality education. As Zhou Ji said, people lack recognition of the evaluation outside the exam, and some measures are difficult to guarantee fairness and justice under the current conditions, which objectively forms an excessive dependence on the college entrance examination system and strengthens the selection function and competitiveness of the exam. Without the premise of "fairness and justice" in quality education, it may be unfair to promote quality education. For example, some colleges and universities highlight the "quality selection" of interviews when recruiting graduate students, and some people worry that this will constitute a new "injustice". "
Edit the shortcomings of this paragraph
"Examination-oriented education" is a very narrow educational model, which takes examination as the only or main educational goal. This narrow educational model is leading the basic education in China to a dead end, and its disadvantages are obvious. Its negative factors are mainly manifested in the following aspects:
Narrow the goal of intellectual education
Although the exam-oriented education model puts intellectual education in the first place, its goal is one-sided and narrow. Intellectual education is the education of imparting knowledge and developing intelligence, in which developing intelligence is the most important goal. However, from the perspective of exam-oriented, exam-oriented education overemphasizes the imparting of knowledge and skills, emphasizes the proficiency of knowledge, and adopts the means of over-learning and intensive training, which limits learning to the scope of textbooks, resulting in students having no time to participate in various extracurricular activities that are very conducive to developing their intelligence, resulting in a narrow range of knowledge and low scores.
Pay more attention to humanistic quality than humanistic quality education
As far as the current educational situation is concerned, humanistic quality is more valued by educators than people-oriented quality. Therefore, the education of values, personality, rights and interests, political thoughts, social participation and other aspects related to improving people-oriented quality is not paid enough attention. If our education regards self-awareness and self-realization as selfishness and individualism, and brings nihilism to it, or even regulates the value formation that restricts the development of individual personality in the name of the overall needs of society, the consequences will only lead to real individualism and selfish behavior that lacks social responsibility.
Hinder the reform of teaching methods
Under the traditional exam-oriented education mode, all the work of the school revolves around the baton of the college entrance examination, unified examinations at all levels and examinations, and it is quite common that the management goal has a tendency of quick success and instant benefit. The only criteria for evaluating teachers' teaching quality are scores and enrollment rate. All education is to test scores and teach exam-oriented education.
The scientificity and artistry of education no longer have its real connotation. Educational research has turned into exam-oriented research, teachers are busy inculcating knowledge and strengthening skills training, and truly valuable research and exploration lack motivation. It seriously limits the expansion of teachers' knowledge structure and the improvement of various qualities.
Hinder personality development and stifle creativity
Under the examination-oriented education mode, the educational goal is narrow and the educational means are single. School components transform people's "educational machines" according to a mold. People's personality development has not been paid due attention to, and traditional exam-oriented education is very easy to encourage managers and right tendencies in school education, which is very unfavorable to cultivating and enriching students' personality.
Excessive burden seriously affects the physical and mental development of teenagers.
Due to strengthening the enrollment rate from top to bottom and the average score of the two batons, excessive study and intensive training are widely used in teaching, which leads to too much homework for students, and the indispensable game time and physical exercise time for primary and secondary school students are not guaranteed, and even normal Sundays and holidays are squeezed out, which affects the healthy development of young students. At the same time, it also caused many psychological diseases, such as phobia, truancy, depression and loneliness after repeated setbacks in study.
Leading to polarization of students.
Tired of learning and the loss of poor students have artificially created educational inequality. In the exam-oriented mode, the educational competition is stimulated to an inappropriate degree, and the losers in the competition often can't get the help they deserve, resulting in the differentiation of students' learning level and the expansion of poor students. Many poor students drop out of school under the pressure of competition, which not only violates the compulsory education law, but also is an artificial educational inequality.
Increase the burden on teachers
Strengthen exam-oriented education.
The competition among teachers is unreasonable, and the traditional exam-oriented education tends to strengthen training and sea tactics. This will inevitably lead to the increase of teachers' workload and the tendency of quick success and instant benefit in school management. Many schools even link students' test scores and enrollment rate with teachers' salaries and bonuses, which will lead to intensified competition among teachers and increase teachers' psychological pressure.
Leading to serious exam drawbacks.
The exam-oriented education model, which takes exams and scores as students' standards, distorts the function of exams, which are not for testing and feedback, but for teaching. On the contrary, examination has become the purpose of teaching, and teaching is only for examination, grading, ranking and so on. The function and function of the examination are severely restricted. This situation of putting the cart before the horse has promoted the prevalence of cheating. It exists not only in middle schools, but also in college entrance examinations and primary schools. In order to get false high scores in the test scores of their own classes, individual teachers even hint at cheating methods, which pollutes the style of study and is very unfavorable to the healthy development of students' body and mind.
Edit this paragraph, exam-oriented education leads to boy crisis.
The book Save Boys, published on June 20 10, revealed some facts and data that are happening now, and deeply shocked parents, teachers and the public. Sun Yunxiao, author of this book and deputy director of China Youth Research Center, said: "We often pay attention to girls' equal right to education, but inadvertently ignore boys. Boys have become a forgotten group, and their crisis is getting more and more serious. "Save the Boys also provides a series of data: physically, the incidence of poor eyesight, overweight and obesity of boys continues to rise, showing the characteristics of" fat but weak "and the health status continues to deteriorate; Psychologically, boys are more prone to various addictive behaviors, emotional problems and even mental illness. " We found that from kindergarten to university, boys' academic performance was a complete failure. Boys are still trapped in physical crisis, psychological crisis and social crisis, and it is getting worse and worse. "Sun Yunxiao said, it's a little late to put forward" save the boy ",and" better late than never ". What worries researchers even more is that society is at a loss or turns a blind eye to this. Sun Yunxiao said that the book "Save the Boy" was shouting: "Attention, parents and teachers of the boy, there is a cliff ahead! "In Sun Yunxiao's view, the current exam-oriented education system makes China more prone to boy crisis than other countries. According to his analysis, exam-oriented education is not good for boys and girls, and it is more harmful to boys. First of all, school education ignores gender differences, and the active, competitive and rebellious nature of some boys is often regarded as a shortcoming, and "assets" become "liabilities"; Moreover, exam-oriented education emphasizes rote memorization rather than practical ability, and boys who naturally want to run and jump are pressed to study in their seats and lack proper exercise; Then, the school and society adopt a single evaluation method, with "good grades" as the only requirement, which makes the boy deeply frustrated; In addition, most teachers in schools are women, and the lack of male teachers in the educational environment is not conducive to the growth of boys. He said that many countries and regions have Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts, and Japanese also have Boys' Day and Girls' Day, but in China, people hardly consider the influence of gender differences. Even in physical education class, many schools did not consider the different physical characteristics of men and women, and men and women went to physical education class together (later, some areas began to realize this problem, for example, Beijing began to implement gender-segregated physical education class in junior high schools in 2008). Under the banner of "equality between men and women", schools in China require all boys and girls to unify their contents, methods and standards, which is not true equality. The real meaning of "equality" is to give boys and girls the freedom of choice and legally guarantee this freedom. For example, according to the boy's physiological characteristics and needs, let the boy have enough exercise to exercise a strong body and soul, which is to respect gender differences. Some experts also pointed out that it is not so much a "boy crisis" as a "test crisis". It is the exam-oriented education on campus that stifles the boy's nature, thus aggravating the harm of all crises to the boy. As Zhu Yongxin, vice president of China Education Association, wrote in the preface to Save the Boys: "It is not only boys who need to be saved, but also our education."
Edit the main features of this paragraph.
Taking coping with the senior high school entrance examination as the main goal, focusing on the teaching of "hardware", repeatedly teaching the content to be tested as the main means, finding a way out from squeezing time and expanding "exercise", taking repeated indoctrination as the method, determining the quality by examination results and rewarding students with "quality". According to the implementation of this management method and teaching system, although students are very bitter, the enrollment rate may temporarily rise. This short-term teaching behavior is fed back to society, parents and students, which strengthens this management mode and teaching system.
Edit the current situation of this exam-oriented education
There is a popular saying in Japanese high schools: "falling apart", which means that you can enter the university only by sleeping for four hours every day, and you will "fail" after sleeping for five hours. Japanese students are under great pressure, and even from primary schools and kindergartens, they have begun to attend a large number of extracurricular remedial classes and enter famous primary schools and famous secondary schools; Moreover, the competition in high schools is fierce, even more intense than that in universities. Singapore emphasizes elitism, and primary schools have "the third grade placement examination" and "the primary school graduation examination". The test results will determine which middle school students enter and which course they study. Middle schools are divided into general courses and special courses, and those with excellent grades are arranged to accept special courses. Scores define whether students are elites or ordinary people in the future, and they are assigned to be trained as skilled workers. Korea college entrance examination
The admission rate of Korean college entrance examination is around 50%. Koreans value academic qualifications as much as China people, and the college entrance examination largely determines the future direction of children's life. Every year, on the day of Korea's national college entrance examination-"College Level Examination", the working hours of all civil servants and employees in private enterprises will be delayed by one hour than usual to reduce traffic congestion. Korean men, women and children will run to the school gate to beat gongs and drums to cheer for the candidates. There is a great competition among junior high schools in Taiwan Province Province, China for the high admission rate of key senior high schools. In order to prepare for the "senior high school entrance examination", senior three students will have a whole day of classes at school on Saturday. In addition, parents should also use the evening time to find tutors for their students to make up lessons. High school students, on the other hand, have "self-study in the evening, solving puzzles" until eleven o'clock in the evening, as well as "self-improvement classes" with high-intensity training. The myopia rate of primary and middle school students in Taiwan Province Province ranks first in the world.
This paragraph is the editor's view against exam-oriented education.
Opponents account for a large part of students and educators. They think that exam-oriented education obliterates students' enthusiasm and creativity, increases the academic burden, and makes students pursue scores unilaterally, which is not conducive to the correct development of students. Many students have mental problems, committed suicide or Korosensei because of the heavy burden, but they have not attracted enough attention from educational institutions. In addition, the most important point is that exam-oriented education ignores the growth rate of knowledge, and the knowledge at the beginning of 2 1 century has reached more than 300~500 times at that time. This is not an alarmist, but an unwritten fact. At that time, a test paper could hold most of the knowledge, but now, a test paper only tests nine Niu Yi hairs, so students learn all the knowledge like looking for a needle in a haystack, and only a little can be used in the end. A dead letter is unreasonable, and it is also related to the lack of attention of the education department. Another point is exam-oriented education, which refutes the fair view of exam-oriented education.
That is, exam-oriented education favors people with quiet temper. Because quiet people are not easily agitated, it is not so painful for them to study hard. As we all know, personality is mostly determined by nature, and people with quiet temper are generally easy to study hard. Therefore, this system favors quiet people and is inherently superior. This is also the reason why girls often work much harder than boys. In addition, it favors some people with strong natural willpower or those who can control themselves. Some people say that's their own problem. In that case, the advantage is innate and cannot be said to be fair. Besides, now the physical education in the senior high school entrance examination is also 50 points. If you want to say that there is no absolute fairness in the world, then you can't say that other education is unfair than exam-oriented education. If it is unfair, this kind of exam-oriented education should be useless. Education in Europe and America tends to be more active students. And exam-oriented education and quality education are incompatible. Judging from the exam-oriented education and quality education implemented in many places, this will only make all subjects except hard work become exam-oriented education on the basis of exam-oriented education. For example, many schools in Beijing actively adopt "quality education" at the request of superior leaders, but the original exam-oriented education has not disappeared, just letting students learn more extracurricular courses. As a result, it turns out that students still have a little time to play on weekends, but later they have no time.
Edit this paragraph to support exam-oriented education.
Most supporters think that exam-oriented education is an effective way of education, which can promote students' learning. This way of evaluating students' ability with unified standards is fair, and it is rarely inaccurate because of the preferences of individual evaluators. Others believe that exam-oriented education has greatly improved the cultural level of rural people in China. Others believe that selecting people by their achievements is the fairest talent selection mechanism at present. Although exam-oriented education has many disadvantages, it is indeed the fairest selection method at present. At present, opponents can't find a better way to select talents than exam-oriented education. This is the fundamental reason why China has implemented exam-oriented education for thousands of years, because exam-oriented education is selected on the basis of objective knowledge and scores. Compared with other subjective so-called "qualities", it is the most objective. It has better prevented the emergence of unhealthy trends such as favoritism and malpractice, and safeguarded social justice. As long as you are willing to study hard and make positive progress, you will be promoted and reused. Some people say that quality education is good, so how to select talents? Because "quality" is a matter of different opinions, you call it good quality, and I can also say that it can't be called good quality. Subjectively, there is no objective standard. In the end, it often becomes a sentence from the leader of the employment agency, and you can decide whether to choose you or not. In the long run, it is likely to lead to the promotion and appointment of candidates by relationship and family background, the prevalence of unhealthy practices and serious malpractices for personal gain, and the poor children who study hard without background and connections will never be promoted and reused. This is the biggest injustice. Although there are many disadvantages in the present exam-oriented education, it is undoubtedly based on objective scores. Some people say that some people abuse power for personal gain, but after all, it is a minority and unacceptable. Far less than "quality" education. Because some people think that exam-oriented education can cultivate high-quality talents. They believe that the flexible educational methods adopted by the United States and other western countries have caused students of the same age to be inferior to East Asian students in their studies (especially in natural science projects such as mathematics). In Japan and other countries, students' academic ability was extremely high when strict examination-oriented education was implemented in the past, but in recent years, after the gradual relaxation of the education system, students' academic ability has dropped sharply. Some people think that quality education and exam-oriented education can complement each other, and it is not impossible to cultivate students' quality in the process of exam-oriented education. At the same time, the compulsory education of exam-oriented education can make students have to cultivate some qualities. In addition, if the quality education of students is proper, it can also help them stand out in the exam-oriented education.
Edit the phenomenon of "high score and low energy" in this paragraph
Supporters of exam-oriented education believe that "the phenomenon of high scores and low abilities belongs to the slander of anti-exam-oriented educators." Many surveys show that the personal income of highly educated people is generally higher. The outstanding people from all walks of life in China are mostly excellent students in middle school and graduated from famous universities. Most people with low academic qualifications can only engage in low-paid manual labor because they lack knowledge and ability based on knowledge. The most concentrated and typical criticism of exam-oriented education is the so-called phenomenon of "high scores and low abilities". This seems to be the main basis for reforming or even canceling exam-oriented education. Translated into academic language, "high scores and low abilities" means "the scores of college entrance examination are negatively related to students' ability" Facts show that such accusations are unfair. Statistically speaking, high scores and low abilities, if they exist, are only individual and accidental discrete phenomena, which are not the overall characteristics of exam-oriented education, so they cannot pose a threat to exam-oriented education at all. After the myth of "high scores and low abilities" was denied by many domestic education experts, the so-called "top ten phenomena" appeared again. In other words, students with high scores are not necessarily promising, and the top students' grades are not as good as those after the tenth. So there is no need to pursue the number one scholar and the top few. In fact, the existence of this phenomenon may mean that students in key middle schools or universities are homogeneous (statistical research shows that there is an inflection point in exam-oriented education), and their social achievements depend on other factors besides their studies. This phenomenon is not surprising, because the score of exam-oriented education has a high correlation with students' higher education experience, and higher education experience has a certain correlation with personal social achievements, and this correlation never means that the person with the highest score will definitely achieve the highest social achievements. The reason is not only that social achievement is related to many factors, but also that correlation only explains the overall trend level of the relationship between the two variables, rather than a definite functional relationship. Obviously, the main problem here is that many people misunderstand the concept of relevance and the complexity of social achievements. If "high scores and low abilities" are indeed a fact, then enterprises and companies will not require academic qualifications when recruiting talents, unless their understanding of social reality is not as good as that of anti-exam educators, but at present most of the anti-exam educators are students at school. If "high marks and low abilities" are indeed a fact, then "high marks" and "diplomas" will lose their value, and schools and parents will not make great efforts to let students enter good universities. The so-called "high scores and low abilities" are nothing more than these: "Low employment rate of college students" Before the wave of university enrollment expansion, there was no problem of low employment rate of college students in China. However, due to the enrollment expansion of China University, a large number of students with low marks have entered the school, which generally affects the quality of college students in China. At the same time, China's employment competition has intensified, and the general employment pressure has increased year by year regardless of academic qualifications. However, even today, the low employment rate is mostly in second-and third-rate schools, while the employment rate of key universities is still far ahead. This not only shows that although the employment rate of college students has declined, the employment rate of top students has not changed much fundamentally, but also shows the differences in quality and ability between high-scoring students and low-scoring students. "Now students generally have low self-care ability and low living ability." What needs to be understood is that the phenomenon of low self-care ability and low living ability not only appears in students with high scores, but also in students with low scores. In other words, the phenomenon of low self-care ability and low living ability is not necessarily related to high grades. In the final analysis, it lies in the increase of the only child in China, the improvement of living conditions and the overindulgence of parents. Although exam-oriented education was also implemented in previous years, there were very few students with high scores who lacked self-care ability. Even today, outstanding students from poor areas rarely lack the ability to take care of themselves. Education is divided into school education and family education, which complement each other. Self-care ability and living ability belong to family education. It is irresponsible and insidious to blame the lack of family education on school education and criticize exam-oriented education with it. There are extroverts and introverts among students with high scores, and the proportion of extroverts and introverts among students with low scores is roughly the same. Moreover, there is no basis for measuring a person's ability by personality. Extroverts are good at social work and leadership, while introverts are good at research and development. There is no question of which is better or worse. In fact, most scientists and successful people are also introverts, such as Bill Gates, who worried his parents when he was a child and was even ridiculed as a "nerd" in college, but this cannot hide the fact that he became the richest man in the world.
The relationship between editor's exam-oriented education and imperial examination system
The imperial examination system has existed in China for more than 1000 years, which has had a great influence on the study and life of China people. The imperial examination system plays an important role in the modern examination system. In modern times, he was almost the spokesman of the ignorant policy of the ruling class (most powerful people in the Qing Dynasty), which greatly stifled the innovative spirit of the young people at that time and paid special attention to the irrelevant investigation such as eight-part essay. At that time, scholars all held bureaucratic ideas and regarded being an official as the ultimate goal of learning knowledge. Moreover, knowledge at that time valued humanities and ignored science. These reasons have influenced the exam-oriented education in China after half a century. But before the reform and opening up, few middle school students complained about exam-oriented education, because the competition was not as fierce as it is now. With the acceleration of urbanization in China, some traditional occupations with low knowledge content, such as traditional agriculture, can't stand it. The number of college entrance examinations is increasing year by year, and the pressure on students is increasing year by year. In order to prevent excessive population flow, the admission scores of colleges and universities across the country are no longer the same ... Although the things learned in 2 1 century have improved a lot compared with those in 19 century, teaching basically can't break the strange circle in which students are led by teachers. What is more serious is that the practicality of what you have learned is greatly reduced and the practicality is constantly enhanced! The history and geography of junior high school are thrown out of the clouds in senior high school; The notes memorized by liberal arts students are put on the bookshelf after work. What's the difference between this and 19' s forgetting all about benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom and faith after being admitted to the Jinshi and the top scholar at the end of the ninth century?