Confucius preface:
Confucius (55 1 years ago-April 479 1 1 days ago) was born in the state of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period (now Qufu City, Shandong Province) and his ancestral home was Li Yi in the Song Dynasty (now Xiayi County, Henan Province). Father and uncle, mother is strict. China was an ancient thinker, politician, educator and founder of Confucianism.
Confucius lost his father at the age of three, and his family fortune fell. In his early years, he was a small official in charge of granary and grazing. He is "not very polite" and has been familiar with the traditional etiquette system since childhood. When he was young, he was famous for his extensive knowledge of rites and music, engaged in Confucianism and made a living by organizing funerals. Middle-aged people get together for lectures and educational activities.
When he was 50 years old, he served as a scout in the state of Lu, and actively publicized his political opinions. Soon he abandoned his official position and went to the state of Lu because of disagreement with dignitaries, and traveled around the world with his disciples to publicize his political opinions and ideological theories, but to no avail. In his later years, he returned to Shandong, devoted himself to education, sorted out poems and books, and deleted Chunqiu, with the lifelong ambition of spreading six arts.
Confucius once led some disciples to travel around the world for fourteen years, revising the six classics (poetry, calligraphy, ceremony, music, Yijing, Spring and Autumn). After his death, his disciples and re-disciples recorded the words, deeds and thoughts of Confucius and his disciples and compiled The Analects. This book is regarded as a Confucian classic.
Confucius had a profound and lasting influence on later generations. His "benevolence" and "courtesy" have become important standards for national governance and personal cultivation; The civilian education thought of "teaching without class" enables Chinese civilization to be passed down indefinitely; The systematic arrangement of ancient documents not only entrusted their own ideals, but also made the cultural heritage of the Chinese nation have profound connotations.
Moral theory:
Confucius constructed a complete ideological system of "virtue and virtue": he advocated the virtue and virtue of "benevolence and courtesy" at the individual level. The ideological system of virtue and Taoism is based on the theory of goodness of human nature ("one yin and one yang refers to the Tao, and those who follow it are also good, and those who succeed are also people"), aiming at establishing the human pole ("three-pole Tao"), and connecting with human nature, heaven and tunnel, and the golden mean will become a complete methodological ideological system in due course.
Confucius founded the moral theory with benevolence as the core. He is also a kind person, compassionate, helpful, sincere and generous. "Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you", "A gentleman is beautiful as an adult, but not evil as an adult", and "Give up who I am and do my best" are all his life principles.
Confucius' theory of benevolence embodies the humanistic spirit. Confucius' study of etiquette embodies the spirit of etiquette, that is, order and system in the modern sense. Humanism is the eternal theme of mankind, which is applicable to any society, any era and any government, and order and institutional society are the basic requirements for establishing a civilized human society. This humanitarianism and order spirit of Confucius is the essence of China's ancient social and political thought.