Since ancient times, China has a good family education tradition of attaching importance to family education, setting family training and building family style. From Yan Jiaxun and Zhu Zi's family instructions to Zeng Guofan's letters and Fu Lei's letters, they have inherited excellent cultural genes for China's family education. In recent years, relevant government departments and professional organizations have taken many measures and issued a series of important documents to actively promote the publicity and guidance of family education.
The importance of family education has become a social consensus, but problems such as "parenting anxiety" and "improper teaching" are still outstanding, and the lack of high-quality resources has become the main factor restricting the quality of family education. Under the background of the implementation of the "double reduction" policy, the contradiction focuses on the shortage of family resources-time resources, information resources and space resources.
The lack of time and resources refers to the parents' unsaturated and unsatisfied state in living together, playing together, reading together, participating in the garden, school activities or memorial day activities that children expect. The author's investigation on the time parents spend with their children in the project research from 2065438+08 to 2065438+09 shows that most urban parents agree that "companionship is the best education", but almost all parents are afraid that "they are still at work and their children have a holiday".
The lack of information resources refers to the lack of quality, authority and public welfare of the family education platform and information that parents know and master. Under the guidance of policies, all localities, led by women's federations and other departments, have expanded parent schools, carried out various activities such as compiling family education outlines, giving family education lecture halls and giving millions of community lectures, and achieved great results in promoting parents' participation in children's education. However, at present, the support that most parents can provide for their children is far from the realization of the "whole-person education system with family education as the main body" in many aspects, such as the supply of educational resources, the planning of content, the choice of parenting methods, the construction of parent-child relationship and the establishment of correct examples.
Lack of space resources means that families and children are free, open, integrated with nature and equipped with adequate facilities near communities and living areas, and there is a lack of space for children to play and study conveniently and safely anytime and anywhere. Whether in rural or urban areas, the educational space resources of family children are in short supply. Rural areas have vast natural space, but the unchanging environment makes children and families take it for granted and cannot be derived into educational space; The extreme lack of natural history, art, science and technology has affected the cognitive development speed and level of children in rural families, and also led to the dependence of rural children on smart phones to a great extent. In recent years, since the pilot implementation of "child-friendly cities" and "child-friendly communities" in Shenzhen, Shanghai and Chengdu, urban family education has been greatly improved, but there are still many problems in outdoor family and children's activity facilities, indoor educational functional space, density, convenience, public welfare, management and maintenance of environment and space. The lack of space education resources has brought about a serious imbalance in family education resources, which has seriously restricted the input quality and fair quality of family education.
Resource empowerment is the key path to improve the quality of family education in the new era. According to international and domestic research, in the field of pedagogy, parents' quality and parents' time investment (companionship) are the key and direct factors affecting the quality of family education, as well as the factors that parents can adjust and control, and the places where educational decisions and measures can be made. Through resource authorization, families can get timely support and take immediate action on the process of family education.
Strengthen the social consensus of "loving children" and empower families with time resources. Letting parents take the main responsibility for children's family education can not be achieved through family efforts or parents' wishes, but requires the whole society to take children's development and rights and interests as common responsibilities and jointly support parents to fulfill their obligations as parents. Promoting the consensus of the whole society on "loving children" is the premise to achieve this goal. The related concepts of child-friendly society include child-friendly community and child-friendly city. Since the launch of the United Nations, sustainable development has been achieved in Sweden, Finland, Japan and other countries. In China, Shenzhen, Shanghai and Chengdu have also started construction planning and achieved considerable results. In the context of building a child-friendly society, parents will be given special provisions and some considerations in maternity leave, work arrangements for parents of school-age children, work flexibility for parents of school-age children, and leave system for employees to take care of their children during holidays related to children, so as to ensure the family time required by parents of school-age children.
Improve the family education data platform and empower parents with information resources. Bringing family education into the basic public service system is the basic spirit and task of promoting family education in China. The survey shows that the main channels for young parents to obtain parenting information are virtual channels such as parenting client and official WeChat account. Institutions leading the family education service system should change their working ideas and use professional and technical strength to design a cloud platform for family education service that conforms to the characteristics of the times.
Promote the construction of child-friendly communities and empower children with space resources. Child-friendly community is rich in connotation. They should not only provide entertainment and sports facilities and educational space to meet children's needs, but also promote children's active participation in social governance and social practice, so as to make children's living environment more friendly. Therefore, on the basis of the above-mentioned urban experiments, it is necessary to comprehensively promote the construction of child-friendly communities, provide more public welfare and educational venue resources for parents, and satisfy parents' multiple choices of taking their children out of the house. We will build parks and squares conducive to children's intellectual development, physical development and partner exchanges, expand and optimize children's perspectives and libraries, museums, art galleries, science and technology museums and zoos with a sense of participation and experience, empower children through rich space resources, and provide a powerful supplement to family education resources.
(Liu Xiaohong is an associate professor at the School of Educational Sciences of Chongqing Normal University, a distinguished researcher at the chongqing university of education Institute of Children's Education, and Fan Yongfeng is a professor at the Education Department of Southwest University. This paper is the result of the humanities and social science project of the Ministry of Education, "Study on the Historical Stage and Experience Characteristics of the Development of Preschool Education in the 70th Anniversary of the Founding of New China" [20XJC880005].
China Education News 9th Edition March 2022 10.
Author: Liu Xiaohong Fan Yongfeng