(1) Raise awareness and actively create an atmosphere of education and scientific research.
Improve primary and secondary school teachers' understanding of educational research, so that the majority of primary and secondary school teachers know what is educational research in primary and secondary schools and understand the concept of "problem is subject, teaching is research". Only by raising the awareness of the majority of primary and secondary school teachers will they no longer feel that educational research is mysterious and will they have the possibility to try. Schools can "go out, please come in", organize teachers to teach teachers the basic knowledge and methods of education and scientific research through field visits, watching videos, or inviting experts and scholars to hold lectures. At the same time, schools should actively create a good educational and scientific research atmosphere, encourage and support teachers to carry out scientific research activities, provide a relaxed environment for them to engage in teaching reform and teaching research, and guide the majority of primary and secondary school teachers to establish educational and scientific research consciousness such as "educational and scientific research is an essential quality for teachers to survive", "teachers are the main force of educational and scientific research" and "classroom is the main position of educational and scientific research", so as to truly improve the scientific research ability and level of the majority of primary and secondary school teachers.
(2) Create conditions to encourage teachers to participate in scientific research at different levels.
Project research is not without rice, it must have certain conditions. Therefore, the school should combine the actual situation and overall planning of the school development, increase investment, reasonably purchase the necessary instruments, equipment and books and materials for educational and scientific research activities, and create the necessary conditions for teachers to boldly explore and aspire to scientific research. Primary and secondary schools should actively collect and sort out information, keep abreast of the trends, development trends and latest research results of educational reform, compile and distribute newsletters when possible, strengthen contact and cooperation with higher education and scientific research departments or scientific research institutions in colleges and universities, strengthen teachers' timely exchanges in China, and choose the breakthrough and breakthrough point of educational scientific research to prepare for formal research.
In the process of project research, we should also change the blind orientation of "full participation" and advocate teachers to "participate in educational research at different levels". That is to say, for new teachers, we should organize them to learn teaching theory and excellent teachers' teaching experience, or under the guidance of old teachers, urge them to become qualified teachers as soon as possible and encourage them to try to explore some "direct problems" in teaching, such as "poor student performance". For teachers with certain teaching experience or "medium level", they can be guided to establish small topics around disciplines or grades to study the "application problems" encountered when transforming educational ideas and research results into concrete practice, such as "how to operate heuristic teaching", so as to continuously improve their teaching and scientific research level. For backbone teachers, on the basis of summing up successful teaching experience, we should pay attention to choosing topics that are in line with their own teaching personality, and explore "reflective issues" such as reviewing and discussing their teaching behavior, so as to improve their professional level and form a distinctive teaching mode thought.
(3) Pay attention to process experience, and vigorously promote scientific research achievements.
The most striking feature of primary and secondary education research is the extensive participation of teachers. Primary and secondary school teachers should combine their own education and teaching with education and scientific research, truly regard the classroom as the main position of education and scientific research, write teaching postscript and reflection notes in time, carry out case analysis and teacher dialogue, and write teaching experience, educational notes and personal experience in education and scientific research activities, so as to enhance their understanding of education and teaching activities, continuously improve education and teaching methods and improve education quality.
At the same time, the promotion of project achievements is also an important part of educational and scientific research work. Primary and secondary schools should also pay attention to the promotion of educational and scientific research achievements, from point to point, from some teachers to the whole school teachers, and even to a wider scope. In the process of popularizing scientific research achievements, we should strive for practical results. The specific methods include: first, direct application, which directly applies the results to the teaching practice of similar disciplines; Secondly, transfer or infiltration, that is, the application of scientific research results to a wider range, such as transferring from Chinese teaching to English and mathematics teaching, and refining the educational ideas in scientific research results to the teaching of other disciplines; Third, continue to develop, in the process of promoting the results, re-study and deepen the original topics, so that the results will continue to innovate and develop. In the process of popularizing scientific research achievements, the specific methods to be adopted depend on the specific situation of the school. We should not copy them mechanically, but "activate" them into the power of education and teaching reform and transform the inherent benefits of education and teaching.
(4) Establish an effective management mechanism to promote the sustainable development of education and scientific research.
The foundation of education and scientific research in primary and secondary schools is poor and there are many difficulties. Its development cannot be achieved overnight. On the one hand, teachers need to accumulate a lot of learning and constantly reflect on it in practice; On the other hand, it is more necessary for schools and scientific research departments of higher education to establish an effective educational and scientific research management system to ensure its sustained and healthy development. The first is to strengthen the whole process management. That is, systematically manage all aspects of education and scientific research. Secondly, improve the appraisal, evaluation and incentive mechanism of scientific research achievements. In the scientific appraisal and evaluation of disciplines, the subjects and methods of appraisal and evaluation should be diversified. For those truly valuable scientific research achievements, we should actively promote their application, and for those false "scientific research achievements", we should take corresponding punishment measures. At the same time, the corresponding incentive mechanism should be formulated to properly link educational research with the promotion of teachers' professional titles and treatment, but utilitarian orientation should be avoided. Third, establish a city-wide educational and scientific research network. Strive to build local education and scientific research information centers, strengthen contacts horizontally, and maintain inter-school exchanges and resource sharing; Strengthen guidance vertically and plan rationally; Hire experts and scholars to teach, or keep close contact with colleges and universities, and cooperate with them to establish scientific research bases in schools. Schools should set up teaching departments in accordance with the relevant provisions, and equip them with an appropriate number of high-quality educational and scientific research personnel who combine full-time and part-time jobs, and go deep into each school to specifically guide teachers' scientific research work. Ordinary schools should do a good job in topic selection and research, set up a reasonable and cultivated scientific research team, do a good job in scientific research, take the lead in popularizing and testing the results in their own schools, and truly make educational research the internal driving force for the development of primary and secondary education.
(5) Strengthen training and improve teachers' scientific research ability.
The scientific research ability and level of primary and secondary school teachers are the most important constraints. Among them, the systematic knowledge of pedagogy, psychology and specific disciplines is the basis of scientific research, while the mastery of scientific research methods and data processing is the guarantee of scientific research. Therefore, primary and secondary schools can improve teachers' scientific research ability in four ways: first, organize teachers to study and discuss by themselves or through teaching and research groups, and ensure the pertinence of strengthening scientific research ability in combination with the actual situation of each subject; The second is to send teachers who have a certain scientific research foundation or outstanding scientific research achievements out for training, receive formal professional training, and then come back through the radiation of secondary training, so that most teachers can improve their scientific research ability; Third, invite experts to the school for scientific research guidance, and gradually cultivate teachers' scientific research awareness through teaching and research activities and series of lectures; Fourthly, teachers are encouraged to find problems themselves, explore the characteristics and laws of educational scientific research in the process of solving problems, and improve their scientific research ability.