Confucius
Confucius, a great thinker and educator; Confucius (55 BC/KLOC-0 BC/-479 BC) was born in Lu.
Confucius was a great thinker. He founded the Confucian school. First of all, he put forward the theory of "benevolence", that is, he asked the rulers to understand the feelings of the people, cherish the strength of the people, and not oppress and exploit the people too much to ease class contradictions. Secondly, he advocated ruling the country by virtue and opposed tyranny and arbitrary execution. His theory later became the orthodoxy of China's feudal culture for more than two thousand years, which had a great influence on later generations.
Laozi
Laozi (about 600 years before the legend-about 470 years before) was a thinker in the Spring and Autumn Period. According to Records of the Historian, Bai Yang was a Taiqing native of the ancient county of Chu, whose real name was Li Minger. According to historical records, Laozi was from Yang Guo, Anhui Province, and was contemporary with Confucius. Some people say it is also called Lao Dan. According to legend, Laozi was born with white eyebrows and a beard, so he was later called Laozi. Legend has it that he lived in the Spring and Autumn Period.
Laozi is a great pioneer of China's philosophy. After thousands of years, his philosophical thoughts are still brilliant and full of infinite mystery. Laozi's core thought is Tao, which holds that "nothing" is the beginning of heaven and earth, and "being" is the mother of all things. Tao gives birth to one, two, three and three things.
Mozi
Mozi, the founder of Mohism in pre-Qin China. China was a famous thinker, scientist and human rights activist during the Warring States Period.
(about 479 BC ~ 38 BC1year). He once put forward the views of "universal love" and "mutual non-aggression", founded Mohism, and has a book Mozi handed down from generation to generation. Mohism had a great influence at that time, and it was also called "excellent learning" with Confucianism. Born in Tengzhou, Shandong, a few scholars believe that Mozi was born in Lushan, Henan.
Mencius
Mencius (372 BC-289 BC) (born in the fourth year of the reign of King Zhou and died in the twenty-sixth year), Han nationality, was born in Zoucheng, Shandong. The name Yu Zi. Also known as car separation and separation. Father's name is excited and mother's name is lost. China was a great thinker in ancient times. The representative figure of Confucianism in the Warring States period. People from Zoucheng, Shandong. He is the author of Mencius.
People-oriented thought "the people are the most important, the country is the second, and the monarch is the light." It means the people first, the country second, and the monarch last. Mencius believed that the monarch should take care of the people first, and politicians should protect the rights of the people. Mencius agreed that the monarch has no way and the people have the right to overthrow the regime.
xunzi
Xunzi (former 313-former 238) was a famous Qing, and he was renamed after avoiding Emperor Gaozu. During the Warring States Period, Zhouyi (now Anze, Shanxi) was a famous thinker, writer, politician and representative of Confucianism. At that time, people respectfully called it "Xun Qing". He went to Gong Xue, Xia Ji, the State of Qi for three times, and was later ordered by Lan Ling of Chu (now Lan Ling of Shandong).
Xunzi's thought is biased towards experience and personnel, based on social context, attaching importance to social order, opposing mysticism and attaching importance to human efforts. Confucius' central idea is "benevolence", Mencius' central idea is "righteousness", and Xunzi put forward "courtesy" after them, attaching importance to people's behavior norms in society.
Dong Zhongshu
Dong Zhongshu was a thinker who kept pace with the times in the Western Han Dynasty, a famous Neo-Confucianism scholar and a master of Confucian classics. Born in China (179 ~ 104), he was a thinker and politician in the Han Dynasty. Jingdi was a doctor at that time, teaching "Ram Spring and Autumn". In the first year of Yuanguang (BC 134), Dong Zhongshu put forward the basic points of his philosophical system in his famous "Countermeasures for Giving Virtue", and proposed that "a hundred schools of thought should be ousted and Confucianism should be respected alone", which was adopted by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.
Chong Wang
Wang Chong (27—about 97), born in Shangyu, Huiji, was originally from Yuancheng, Wei County, and later moved to Yuancheng. Wang Chong became an orphan when he was a child, and everyone in the village praised him for his filial piety. Later, he came to Beijing, studied in imperial academy (the highest institution in the central government), and studied under Fufeng (place name) Ban Biao. I like reading extensively, but I don't recite chapters. There are no books at home, so I often go to the bookstore in Luoyang market to see the books sold there. I can recite while reading, so I am proficient in the words of a hundred schools of thought.
Han Yu
Han Yu (768 ~ 824) was a writer and philosopher in the Tang Dynasty. Back to the word, Heyang (now mengzhou city, Henan Province) was born in Changli, Hebei Province, and was known as Han Changli. In his later years, he served as assistant minister of the official department, also known as the Korean official department. Posthumous title "Wen", also known as Han Wengong. He was an advocate of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty, and advocated learning the prose language of the pre-Qin and Han dynasties, breaking parallel prose into pieces and expanding the expressive function of classical Chinese. Su Shi called him "the decline of eight generations of literature" in Song Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, he was listed as the first of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and he was also called "Liu Han" with Liu Zongyuan, and was known as "a master of literature" and "a hundred generations of literati"
Han Yu's thoughts originated from Confucianism, but there were also deviant words. He pretends to be Confucian orthodoxy, opposes the purity and silence of Buddhism and the superstition of theocracy, but believes in the fate of ghosts and gods; He praised Mencius for expelling Yang Zhu and Mohism, and thought that Yang and Mohism ignored the right path and advocated using Confucius and Mohism. He advocated that Confucius should be king and should be humble and overbearing. But also praised the achievements of Guan Zhong and Shang Yang. He criticized the reform of the two kings group, but he was no different from the two kings in opposing the separatist regime of the buffer region and the eunuch dictatorship.
liu zongyuan
Liu Zongyuan (773-819) thick. A writer, philosopher and politician in the Tang Dynasty, he was one of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties. His ancestral home is Hedong (now Yongji County, Shanxi Province). He was born in Chang 'an, Kyoto (now Xi, Shaanxi) in the eighth year of Dali (773). Together with Han Yu, he advocated the ancient prose movement in Tang Dynasty and called it Liu Han. Also known as "Liu Liu" with Liu Yuxi. Also known as "Wang Meng" with Wang Wei, Meng Haoran and Wei. The world is called Liuhe East or Liuliuzhou.
Liu Zongyuan, one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties", once advocated the ancient prose movement in Tang Dynasty with Han Yu, and devoted a lot of efforts to opposing arrogant prose and advocating ancient prose. He pays more attention to the writer's moral cultivation, pointing out: "Writing is based on behavior and sincerity comes first." All these species constitute the essence of China's ancient sports theory.
Wang Anshi
Wang Anshi (102 1- 1086), whose real name is Banshan, was named Badger Lang, and was also called Mr. Wang and Mr. Linchuan by the world. Linchuan, Fuzhou (now Yanbuling, Fuzhou) is a native of Han nationality. Posthumous title was an outstanding politician, thinker, writer and reformer in the Northern Song Dynasty, and one of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties. He was born in a small official family. Father's benefit, word loss, is a judge of Linjiang army, and he has served as a county official in several States all his life. Anshi doesn't like reading very much, has a strong memory and is well educated.
Chu Hsi
Zhu (x:) (1130-1200) was a famous thinker in the Southern Song Dynasty. Dark personality, later changed to Zhonghui, named Huian. Alias Ziyang, ancestral home of Huizhou Wuyuan (now Jiangxi), Han nationality. His fathers, Zhu Song and Song Xuanhe, were county commandants in Zhenghe, Fujian, and later lived in Fujian. Zhu was born in Youxi, Fujian Province, and lost his father at the age of 14. He lived with his mother in Wulifu, Chong 'an (now Wuyishan, Fujian). In the eighteenth year of Shaoxing (1 148), he was a scholar, who lived in the four dynasties of Emperor Gaozong, Filial Piety, Guangzong and Ning. He used to be Zhinankang, responsible for the official affairs of Jiangxi prison and the compilation of the secret cabinet. Later, recommended by Zhao Ruyu, he was promoted to waiter and lecturer of Huan.
He emphasized that learning is "thorough and inexpensive." Gaiwei is only used to know its meaning, while Tubo suffers from confusion and ignorance.
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