Hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease caused by various enteroviruses, mainly occurring in infants.

Most patients have mild symptoms, mainly manifested as fever and rash or herpes on hands, feet and mouth. A few patients may be complicated with aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, acute flaccid paralysis, respiratory infection and myocarditis. Some critically ill children are prone to death.

Children and adults will not get sick after infection, but they can spread the virus. Enteroviruses causing hand, foot and mouth disease include enterovirus 7 1 (Echo7 1) and some serotypes of Coxsackie virus and echovirus.

EV7 1 infection caused a large proportion of severe cases. Enterovirus is highly contagious and easy to cause outbreaks or epidemics. Hand, foot and mouth disease can be seen all year round, especially in summer and autumn.

At the beginning of the disease, there are fever, cough, runny nose and drooling, like upper respiratory tract infection. Some children may have symptoms such as nausea and vomiting. After that, there were oval or spindle-shaped blisters on the fingers and toes of hands and feet, and there was redness around the blisters. The liquid in the blister is clear, and the long axis of the blister is consistent with the dermatoglyphics.

Then the center of the blister droops, turns yellow, dries and falls off (desquamation). In addition, there are scattered hard red papules or herpes on the toes.

At the same time, there are scattered blisters in the mouth, such as lips, tongue, oral mucosa, gums, etc., but the blisters in the mouth quickly rupture to form gray spots or gray films, with redness around them, and punctate or flaky rotten surfaces can be seen under the gray films. Hand, foot and mouth disease is caused by virus infection, and the sources of infection are herpes fluid, throat secretions, hands, toys and utensils contaminated by feces.

The incubation period is 3-8 days. At present, there is no effective treatment for the disease, but the following measures can be taken to alleviate it: 1, taking antiviral drugs, such as ribavirin and Viral.

2, keep the local clean, to avoid secondary infection of bacteria. 3, due to oral erosion, when children have difficulty eating, they can give digestible liquid food and rinse their mouths after meals.

4, local can be coated with chlortetracycline cod liver oil, in order to alleviate the pain and promote the early healing of rotten noodles. 5.b vitamins, such as vitamin B2, can be taken orally.

6, if accompanied by fever, you can use some traditional Chinese medicine to clear away heat and detoxify. Generally, this disease can heal itself within 1-2 weeks, leaving no sequelae, but it is either lifelong immunity or infection in the future.

In terms of prevention, we should pay attention to taking children to public places as little as possible when the disease is prevalent in summer, educate children to develop good hygiene habits of 7a68696416fe4b893e5b19e313323865333, and wash their hands before and after meals on weekdays. Toys and tableware should be disinfected regularly. Do early detection, early treatment and early isolation.

If diseases are prevalent in nurseries or kindergartens, children should be separated from healthy children and toys should be disinfected with disinfectant. Healthy children can take Banlangen granules orally for prevention.

2. How to diagnose hand, foot and mouth disease

But like herpetic laryngitis, oral ulcers of hand, foot and mouth disease can also appear before and after the mouth.

Different from herpetic pharyngitis, hand, foot and mouth disease can also produce papules on hands and feet, accompanied by small blisters, especially at the ends of hands and feet (Figures 3 and 4). Rash can appear on elbows, knees, upper arms, thighs and even the whole body (Figure 5: knees).

Blisters can be very small, and we must carefully observe whether there are small blisters in the rash when diagnosing. One more thing to note is that when the blisters are broken, they will leave small scabs, which look like acne or insect bites, so we can't say that we don't see blisters, so we don't think it is hand, foot and mouth disease.

When hand, foot and mouth disease is suspected, pay attention to whether there is a rash on the buttocks (Figure 6). Hand-foot-mouth disease has a high probability of hip rash, but it is often ignored because there is no special observation. The rash here is also an important reference for the diagnosis of hand, foot and mouth disease.

Chickenpox is a common infection, which can also cause blisters. The differential judgment is very simple. The rash of chickenpox is more common in the trunk (Figure 7), which is just the opposite of the phenomenon that blisters of hand, foot and mouth disease are concentrated at the ends of hands and feet.

In addition, the rash of chickenpox is mostly itchy, while the rash of hand, foot and mouth disease has no severe feeling, and occasionally there is slight pain or itching. The rash of chickenpox can have blisters from the top of the head to the soles of the feet, including the mouth (Figure 8).

3. Who has the common sense of hand, foot and mouth disease?

Hand, foot and mouth disease is often spread through toys, tableware and daily necessities of sick children, and it is also easy to spread in small areas in schools and kindergartens. Therefore, schools and kindergartens are the key units for prevention and control of hand, foot and mouth disease, and it is best to send people for morning check-ups every day. The specific requirements of the morning inspection and report shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of the local education and health administrative departments. The morning check-up includes seeing if the child has a fever, oral mucosa, hands, feet, buttocks, herpes and other symptoms of hand, foot and mouth disease.

(Data) At the same time, schools and kindergartens should take preventive disinfection measures: open windows frequently every day for ventilation; If there are no children in the room, they can be disinfected with ultraviolet rays for more than half an hour. Children's toys should also be disinfected every day; Towels should be used by special personnel, cleaned and disinfected once a day, washed and dried; Quilts and mattresses should be basked in the sun once a week for more than 4 hours each time, and they are for personal use; Wash quilt cover, pillowcase and pillow towel once a week; Napkins should be disinfected every meal. The toilet should be cleaned at all times. Door handles, stair handrails, bedrails, tables and chairs, countertops and faucets should be disinfected every day. Tableware, drinking utensils and containers directly containing food must be washed and disinfected before use.

If students are found to have symptoms of hand, foot and mouth disease such as fever, oral mucosa, herpes on hands, feet and buttocks, parents should be informed in time to take them to the hospital for examination. For suspected cases, clinically diagnosed or confirmed patients, isolation treatment shall be implemented in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Law on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases.

School doctors and health care teachers should do a good job in the management of infectious diseases such as outpatient logs and infectious disease reports in the infirmary. If similar cases are found to increase significantly, they should immediately report to the local CDC. Moreover, experts remind that washing hands more often can effectively prevent the spread of enterovirus. Therefore, after coming home from the outside, you should wash your hands in time and correctly.

4. Basic knowledge of preventing hand, foot and mouth disease

Hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) is an epidemic skin mucosal disease caused by Coxsackie virus A 16 infection, and it is a herpetic disease that mainly invades the skin of hands, feet and oral mucosa. This disease is common in children, especially infants under 4 years old. There is no obvious gender difference in the incidence, and it is more common in spring and autumn. In addition, the disease is highly contagious, and the virus in saliva droplets can be suspended in the air and spread among people through respiratory inhalation; Therefore, hand, foot and mouth disease is often seen in kindergartens or primary schools in the prone season. Hand, foot and mouth disease usually has an incubation period of 2-5 days. At the beginning of the disease, the general symptoms are mild, and there may be symptoms such as low fever, lethargy, headache, cough, runny nose and poor appetite. After that, painful blisters appeared on cheeks, gums, hard palate, tongue, lips and pharynx mucosa, with flushing around them. Blisters will fuse with each other and burst quickly, forming white ulcer surface and superficial ulcer. Because of ulcer pain, it affects the child's breastfeeding or eating, and saliva increases. Skin lesions and oral skin lesions often occur at the same time or successively, scattered or densely distributed in palms, soles and buttocks, showing macula or papule, with redness around the macula and no obvious tenderness. There is a small yellow-white oval blister in the center, which is as big as rice grains or peas, isolated and not integrated. The blister wall is thick and tense, and it usually dries and scabs after a few days. 1-2 weeks later, the disease can be cured. Some children may have symptoms such as abdominal pain and diarrhea at the same time. The diagnosis of this disease is relatively easy, but it should be differentiated from other herpetic diseases such as herpetic pharyngeal and buccal inflammation, herpetic stomatitis and erythema multiforme. Treatment is generally based on symptomatic treatment. First of all, maintain oral hygiene and rinse your mouth with light salt water after meals to prevent secondary feelings; Oral antiviral drugs such as Radix Isatidis and antiviral oral liquid; Secondary infected people can take antibiotics. At the same time, the patients should be properly isolated and should not go to schools or kindergartens for the time being, so as to reduce the possibility of the epidemic of the disease.

5. How to prevent hand, foot and mouth disease pictures

Hand-foot-mouth disease is generally acute and children often have fever. The body temperature is 38℃~40℃, and the course of fever is usually 4~7 days, and it is rare for those who are more than 7 days.

At the beginning of the disease, some children are often accompanied by runny nose, sore throat, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea and other symptoms. Small red papules appear at the distal parts of hands and feet such as fingers, palms, toes and mouth, and quickly turn into small herpes, with a diameter of 2-4mm, which is round and oval, red around and obvious pain.

This rash can sometimes be seen in children's buttocks and perianal regions. Clinically, this disease is characterized by hand, foot and mouth herpes, so it is commonly called hand, foot and mouth disease.

Oral herpes is mostly distributed in the tongue, buccal mucosa, lips, hard palate, pharynx, tonsils and so on. , soon became a small ulcer. Children drooling (drooling) hurts to eat, and even affects eating. Prevention and control measures: hand, foot and mouth disease spreads in many ways, and infants are generally susceptible.

The hygiene of children's individuals, families and kindergartens is the key to prevent the disease. (1) Personal preventive measures 1. Wash your hands with soap or hand sanitizer before and after meals and after going out. Don't let children drink raw water and eat cold food to avoid contact with sick children; 2. Nurses should wash their hands before touching children, change diapers and dispose of feces for children, and properly handle dirt; 3. Bottles and nipples used by babies should be fully cleaned before and after use; 4. During the epidemic period of this disease, it is not advisable to take children to public places where people gather and the air circulation is poor. Pay attention to keep the family environment clean, the room should be ventilated regularly and dressed frequently; 5. Children with related symptoms should go to medical institutions in time.

Children treated at home should not touch other children. Parents should dry or disinfect clothes in time and disinfect feces in time. Mild children do not need to be hospitalized, but should be treated and rested at home to reduce cross-infection. Experts call for hand, foot and mouth disease to "attack" children under 5 years old. Hand, foot and mouth disease is caused by enterovirus, and the patients are mainly infants under 5 years old. At the onset, children's oral cheeks, tongue, soft palate, hard palate, inner lip, hands, feet, elbows, knees, buttocks, and anterior vulva will appear gray-white herpes or red papules, the size of which is like millet or mung bean, with redness around them.

Rash is not like mosquito bites, drug eruptions, cold sores and chickenpox, so it is also called "four unlike". Clinically, it has the characteristics of no pain, no itching, no scab and no scar. Some patients may have serious complications, such as myocarditis, pulmonary edema, aseptic meningoencephalitis, or life-threatening.

If there are no complications, most children with hand, foot and mouth disease can recover within one week.

6. Hand, foot and mouth disease common sense

What is hand, foot and mouth disease? Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is an infectious disease caused by enterovirus, which mostly occurs in infants and can cause hand, foot and mouth herpes, and some patients can cause complications such as myocarditis, pulmonary edema and aseptic meningoencephalitis.

There are more than 20 kinds of enteroviruses that cause hand, foot and mouth disease. Coxsackievirus A( 16, 4, 5, 9, 10), group B (2, 5) and enterovirus 7 1 are the common pathogens of hand, foot and mouth disease, among which Coxsackievirus A( 16) has a latent period of 2-7.

During the epidemic, patients are the main source of infection. Patients with acute onset can excrete virus from pharynx; Herpes fluid contains a large number of viruses and overflows when it breaks; After several weeks of illness, patients can still excrete virus from feces.

The source of infection of hand, foot and mouth disease is patients and recessive infected people. During the epidemic, patients are the main source of infection.

The virus is excreted from the pharynx after 1~2 weeks, and from the feces after 3~5 weeks. Herpes fluid contains a large number of viruses, which overflow when it breaks. Drug carriers and light sporadic cases are the main sources of infection in intermittent and epidemic periods.

Mode of transmission There are many modes of transmission of this disease, mainly through close contact with people. The virus can be spread indirectly through hands, towels, handkerchiefs, tooth cups, toys, tableware, milk utensils, bedding and underwear contaminated by saliva, herpes fluid and feces. The virus in patients' throat secretions and saliva can be spread by droplets; If you come into contact with water contaminated by virus, you may also be infected by water; Cross-infection in outpatient department and unqualified disinfection of oral instruments are also one of the reasons for the spread.

Susceptible people are generally susceptible to enterovirus that causes hand, foot and mouth disease, and they can gain immunity after infection. Due to the lack of cross-protection of antibodies after infection of different disease types, most adults who can repeatedly infect people obtain corresponding antibodies through recessive infection. Therefore, the patients with hand, foot and mouth disease are mainly preschool children, especially those aged ≤3 years.

According to foreign literature, it can be popular among people every 2~3 years. The epidemic mode of hand, foot and mouth disease is very extensive, and there is no strict regionality.

It can occur all year round, especially in summer and autumn, and it is rare in winter. The disease usually occurs sporadically after an outbreak. During the epidemic, kindergartens and nurseries are prone to collective infection.

The family also has this disease aggregation phenomenon. Cross-infection in hospital outpatient department and lax disinfection of oral instruments can also cause transmission.

There have been two major epidemics in Tianjin, and the incidence rate of children in kindergartens is significantly higher than that of scattered children. Family distribution is often a case; Family outbreak, many people or all children and adults in a family are infected.

The disease is highly contagious, with complicated transmission routes, strong epidemic intensity and fast transmission speed, which can cause an epidemic in a short time. Clinical features: acute onset, fever; Oral mucosa appears scattered herpes, the size of rice grain, and the pain is obvious; Herpes the size of a grain of rice appear on the palm or sole of your hand, occasionally involving your hips or knees.

There is an inflammatory blush around the herpes, and there is less liquid in the blister. Some children may be accompanied by cough, runny nose, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, headache and other symptoms.

The disease is a self-limited disease, most of which have a good prognosis and no sequelae. Very few children can cause serious complications such as meningitis, encephalitis, myocarditis, flaccid paralysis and pulmonary edema.

The diagnosis of hand, foot and mouth disease is just one of many infectious diseases that can cause oral ulcers. Another common cause of oral ulcers is oral herpes virus infection, which can cause inflammation of the mouth and gums (sometimes called stomatitis). Doctors can usually distinguish hand, foot and mouth disease from oral ulcers caused by other reasons according to the age of patients, symptoms complained by patients or parents, rashes and ulcers.

Swallow swabs or stool samples can be sent to the laboratory for virus testing, but it takes 2-4 weeks for virus testing to produce results, so doctors usually don't recommend this kind of testing. The main diagnosis is based on epidemiological data, clinical manifestations, laboratory examination and pathogenic examination.

1, which occurs in summer and autumn; 2. Taking children as the main target often occurs in places where infants gather, showing a popular trend. 3. The main clinical manifestations are first-time fever, slight increase in the total number of white blood cells, followed by maculopapules and herpes-like lesions of oral cavity, hands and feet mucosa and skin.

4, the course of disease is short, and it usually heals within one week. Prevention principle (1) Strengthening monitoring and improving monitoring sensitivity is the key to control the epidemic of this disease.

Take * * * samples in time to make clear the cause and diagnosis; (two) do a good job in reporting the epidemic situation, find patients in time, and actively take preventive measures to prevent the spread of the disease; (3) Kindergartens should do a good job of morning check-up and timely isolate and treat suspected patients; (4) Contaminated articles for daily use and tableware should be disinfected, children's feces and excreta should be soaked in 3% bleach solution, clothes should be exposed to the sun, and the room should be ventilated; (five) when the epidemic occurs, do a good job in environment, food hygiene and personal hygiene; (6) Wash hands before and after meals to prevent diseases from entering the mouth; (7) Parents should let their children go to crowded public places as little as possible to reduce the chance of being infected; (eight) pay attention to the nutrition and rest of infants and young children, avoid the sun, prevent excessive fatigue and reduce the body's resistance; (9) Hospitals should strengthen pre-diagnosis and set up special outpatient clinics to prevent cross-infection.

7. Prevention knowledge of hand, foot and mouth disease

Prevention of hand, foot and mouth disease Hand, foot and mouth disease is a common infectious disease caused by various enteroviruses. People are generally susceptible to hand, foot and mouth disease virus, but mainly children under 5 years old.

The latent infection rate of hand, foot and mouth disease is high. Patients and latent infections are the main sources of infection. The disease is mainly transmitted through food contaminated by feces, saliva and throat secretions of patients. Direct contact with the punctured blisters of patients can also spread the virus. Viruses in patients' throat secretions and saliva can be spread by airborne droplets. The patient's feces will remain infectious for several weeks.

Although there is no vaccine for hand-foot-mouth disease at present, the following measures can be taken to prevent it: 1. Wash your hands frequently, do a good job in environmental hygiene, food hygiene and personal hygiene, and control diseases. 2. Hand, foot and mouth disease mostly occurs in places where infants gather. Therefore, kindergartens, schools and other units should do a good job in morning examination, find suspected patients in time, and isolate them in time.

3. Contaminated food, daily necessities, utensils, toys, bedding, toilets and other items should be disinfected in time, clothes should be exposed to the sun, and indoor ventilation should be maintained. 4. The main measures to prevent hand, foot and mouth disease are to treat patients' excreta and cut off the transmission route.

During the epidemic period, parents should try their best to let their children go to crowded public places to reduce the chance of being infected. 6. During the epidemic, you can check whether the child's skin (mainly palms and soles) and mouth are abnormal every morning, and pay attention to the changes of the child's body temperature. Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common and frequently-occurring disease, which mainly occurs in infants and young children and can be caused by various enteroviruses. EV7 1 virus is one of them.

Generally, it occurs all year round, and the high incidence period is May-July. The symptoms of hand, foot and mouth disease are generally mild. Most patients often have fever symptoms first, maculopapules and herpes (redness around the rash) on the palms and soles, herpes and/or ulcers on the oral mucosa, and the pain is obvious.

Some patients may be accompanied by cough, runny nose, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, headache and other symptoms. A few patients are seriously ill and may be complicated with encephalitis, meningitis, myocarditis and pneumonia. If not treated in time, it may endanger life.

2. How is hand, foot and mouth disease spread? Is there a vaccine? Hand, foot and mouth disease spreads through many ways, mainly through close contact with patients' feces, herpes fluid and respiratory secretions (such as sneezing droplets). ) and contaminated hands, towels, handkerchiefs, tooth cups, toys, tableware, bottles and bedding. There is no vaccine for hand, foot and mouth disease at present, but it can be completely prevented and treated as long as it is found and treated early.

3. Who is prone to hand, foot and mouth disease? Infants and young children are more common, and infants and young children aged 3 and below are more likely to get sick. Because the adult's immune system is relatively perfect, once infected, adults generally do not get sick and have no symptoms.

However, the virus will spread after infection, so adults also need to be well protected to avoid infecting children. 4. Is hand, foot and mouth disease a new infectious disease? Hand, foot and mouth disease is not a new infectious disease, but a global infectious disease. It was first identified and named in 1957, and cases occur every year all over the world.

Hand-foot-mouth disease was discovered in China by 198 1, and people get sick every year. 5. Can hand, foot and mouth disease be cured? If you get hand, foot and mouth disease, in most cases, you can recover on your own in 7- 10 days, leaving no sequelae and no scars on your skin.

According to the past incidence and cure, only a few critically ill patients may have meningitis, pneumonia and so on. As long as you actively cooperate with doctors, most of them can be cured. 6. What should I do if my child has suspicious symptoms? If the child has symptoms such as fever and rash, he should go to a medical institution in time and observe closely.

Don't go to kindergartens and public places where people gather, and avoid contact and play with other children. Such as sudden high fever or unconsciousness, lethargy, muscle or body twitching, dyspnea, etc. The child should be taken to the hospital at once.

7. How can ordinary families prevent it? The key to prevent hand, foot and mouth disease is to pay attention to the hygiene of family and surrounding environment and personal hygiene. Wash your hands with soap or hand sanitizer before and after meals and going out; Do not drink raw water or eat cold food; The room should be ventilated frequently; Often dry clothes and quilts.

During the epidemic, children should not be taken to public places with dense crowds and poor air circulation, and contact with sick children should be avoided. During the epidemic, you can check your child's skin (mainly palms and soles) and mouth for abnormalities every morning, and pay attention to the changes of your child's body temperature.

8. If a child is infected at home, what should I pay special attention to? Pay attention to keep sick children away from other children; Children's saliva, phlegm and other secretions should be wrapped in toilet paper and thrown into the trash can. Children's feces should be collected, disinfected and thrown into the toilet. Don't throw it away at will, the bedpan should be disinfected. Nurses should wash their hands before touching children, after changing diapers or after handling children's feces; Clothes, toys, tableware, pillows and bedding of sick children should be kept clean, and children's daily utensils should be disinfected; Always open the window for ventilation. If a child in kindergarten is ill, tell the teacher as soon as possible, and don't rush to let the child go to kindergarten. They should go a week after all the symptoms disappear to prevent other children from being infected.

Generally, the symptoms are mild without hospitalization, so family treatment and rest can be used to reduce cross-infection. 9. How to disinfect daily necessities? If there are no children with hand, foot and mouth disease at home, you can use ordinary family methods to prevent it without disinfectant.

If children at home have hand, foot and mouth disease, they can be disinfected by the following methods: pacifiers, bottles, tableware, towels and other items are soaked in hot water above 50 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes or boiled for 3 minutes; Contaminated toys, tables and chairs, clothes, etc. Clean with chlorine-containing disinfectant (84 disinfectant or bleaching powder) according to the instructions every day; Children's sputum, saliva and feces, wiping paper, etc. It's best to pour an appropriate amount of disinfectant, stir and disinfect it before throwing it into the toilet.

8. Common sense of preventing hand, foot and mouth disease

Ten problems on prevention and treatment of hand, foot and mouth disease

1. What is hand, foot and mouth disease? What is the performance after getting sick?

Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease, mainly in infants, which can be caused by a variety of enteroviruses, among which EV7 1 virus is one. Generally, it occurs all year round, and the high incidence period is May-July.

The symptoms of hand, foot and mouth disease are generally mild. Most patients often have fever symptoms first, maculopapules and herpes (redness around the rash) on the palms and soles, herpes and/or ulcers on the oral mucosa, and the pain is obvious. Some patients may be accompanied by cough, runny nose, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, headache and other symptoms. A few patients are seriously ill and may be complicated with encephalitis, meningitis, myocarditis and pneumonia. If not treated in time, it may endanger life.

2. How is hand, foot and mouth disease spread? Is there a vaccine?

Hand, foot and mouth disease spreads through many ways, mainly through close contact with patients' feces, herpes fluid and respiratory secretions (such as sneezing droplets). ) and contaminated hands, towels, handkerchiefs, tooth cups, toys, tableware, bottles and bedding. There is no vaccine for hand, foot and mouth disease at present, but it can be completely prevented and treated as long as it is found and treated early.

3. Who is prone to hand, foot and mouth disease?

Infants and young children are more common, and infants and young children aged 3 and below are more likely to get sick. Because the adult's immune system is relatively perfect, once infected, adults generally do not get sick and have no symptoms. However, the virus will spread after infection, so adults also need to be well protected to avoid infecting children.

4. Is hand, foot and mouth disease a new infectious disease?

Hand, foot and mouth disease is not a new infectious disease, but a global infectious disease. It was first identified and named in 1957, and cases occur every year all over the world. Hand-foot-mouth disease was discovered in China by 198 1, and people get sick every year.

5. Can hand, foot and mouth disease be cured?

If you get hand, foot and mouth disease, in most cases, you can heal yourself in 7- 10 days, leaving no sequelae and no scars on your skin. According to the past incidence and cure, only a few critically ill patients may have meningitis, pneumonia and so on. As long as you actively cooperate with doctors, most of them can be cured.

6. What should I do if my child has suspicious symptoms?

If the child has symptoms such as fever and rash, he should go to a medical institution in time and observe closely. Don't go to kindergartens and public places where people gather, and avoid contact and play with other children. Such as sudden high fever or unconsciousness, lethargy, muscle or body twitching, dyspnea, etc. The child should be taken to the hospital at once.

7. How can ordinary families prevent it?

The key to prevent hand, foot and mouth disease is to pay attention to the hygiene of family and surrounding environment and personal hygiene. Wash your hands with soap or hand sanitizer before and after meals and going out; Do not drink raw water or eat cold food; The room should be ventilated frequently; Often dry clothes and quilts. During the epidemic, children should not be taken to public places with dense crowds and poor air circulation, and contact with sick children should be avoided.

During the epidemic, you can check your child's skin (mainly palms and soles) and mouth for abnormalities every morning, and pay attention to the changes of your child's body temperature.

8. If a child is infected at home, what should I pay special attention to?

Pay attention to keep sick children away from other children; Children's saliva, phlegm and other secretions should be wrapped in toilet paper and thrown into the trash can. Children's feces should be collected, disinfected and thrown into the toilet. Don't throw it away at will, the bedpan should be disinfected. Nurses should wash their hands before touching children, after changing diapers or after handling children's feces; Clothes, toys, tableware, pillows and bedding of sick children should be kept clean, and children's daily utensils should be disinfected; Always open the window for ventilation. If a child in kindergarten is ill, tell the teacher as soon as possible, and don't rush to let the child go to kindergarten. They should go a week after all the symptoms disappear to prevent other children from being infected. Generally, the symptoms are mild without hospitalization, so family treatment and rest can be used to reduce cross-infection.

9. How to disinfect daily necessities?

If there are no children with hand, foot and mouth disease at home, you can use ordinary family methods to prevent it without disinfectant.

If the children at home have hand, foot and mouth disease, they can be disinfected by the following methods: pacifiers, bottles, tableware, towels and other items are soaked in hot water of more than 50 degrees for 30 minutes or boiled for 3 minutes; Contaminated toys, tables and chairs, clothes, etc. Clean with chlorine-containing disinfectant (84 disinfectant or bleaching powder) according to the instructions every day; Children's sputum, saliva and feces, wiping paper, etc. It's best to pour an appropriate amount of disinfectant, stir and disinfect it before throwing it into the toilet.

10. Why are so many people infected with hand, foot and mouth disease reported recently?

According to the monitoring of the health department, experts compared the number of cases of hand, foot and mouth disease reported at present with the number of cases in previous years, and thought that the epidemic came earlier this year, but it was still sporadic. Since May 2 this year, the Ministry of Health has included hand, foot and mouth disease in the management of Class C legal infectious diseases, requiring medical and health institutions at all levels to report cases through the network direct reporting system in time. Because there was no need to report in the past, and some patients did not seek medical treatment because of mild symptoms, some cases were not found or reported in the past. It is reasonable to increase the number of reports after the reports are required according to law.

Because hand, foot and mouth disease is a common and frequently-occurring disease, it is possible to have a wide range of diseases. The health department reminds all parts of the country, especially in areas with few cases in previous years, to strengthen prevention and monitoring and do a good job in epidemic prevention and control.