Liu Hui (about 225-295), a native of Zouping, Binzhou, Shandong Province, was a great mathematician in Wei and Jin Dynasties and one of the founders of China's classical mathematical theory. He is a very great mathematician in the history of Chinese mathematics. His representative works "Nine Arithmetic Notes" and "Arithmetic on the Island" are China's most precious mathematical heritage. Liu Hui has quick thinking and flexible methods. He advocates reasoning and intuition. He was the first person in China who explicitly advocated using logical reasoning to demonstrate mathematical propositions. Liu Hui's life is a life of hard exploration of mathematics. Although his position is low, his personality is noble. He is not a mediocre man who seeks fame and fame, but a great man who never tires of learning. He left us a valuable fortune.
Two: Zhao Shuang
Zhao Shuang, also known as Ying, is a mathematician in China. Wu people from the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Three Kingdoms period. He is a famous mathematician and astronomer in the history of our country. Life span is unknown, about 182-250 years. It is reported that he studied Zhang Heng's astronomical works Lingxian and Liu Hong's Dry Elephant Calendar, and also mentioned "arithmetic". His main contribution is a thorough study of Zhou Zhuan, the oldest astronomical work in China, which lasted about 222 years. In the early Tang Dynasty, it was renamed Zhou Chuan Shu Jing, and a preface was written with detailed comments. This book concisely summarizes the profound principles of Pythagorean arithmetic in ancient China. Among them, a 530-word Pythagorean Square Diagram is a very valuable document in the history of mathematics. He explained the Pythagorean theorem in detail in the Book of Changes, Su 'an Classic, and expressed it as: "Pythagorean is a product of itself, and it is a string reality. Divided by the square, that is, the chord. " . A new proof is given: "According to the chord diagram, Pythagoras can also be multiplied by Zhu Shi 2 and Zhu Shi 4, Pythagoras difference can be multiplied by the middle yellow real number, and the difference real number can be added to become the chord real number." . The words "You" and "Yi" mean that Zhao Shuang thinks Pythagorean theorem can be proved in another way.
Three: Jia Xian
Jia Xian,165438+mathematician of Northern Song Dynasty in China in the first half of 20th century. Jia Xian was an outstanding mathematician in the first half of 1 1 century (Northern Song Dynasty). He wrote Nine Chapters of Actuarial Science of the Yellow Emperor (nine volumes) and Ancient Calculations (two volumes), both of which have been lost. According to the Records of the History of Song Dynasty, Jia Shi studied astronomy and calendar calculation from mathematician Chu Yan, and wrote books such as Nine Chapters of Arithmetic of the Yellow Emperor and The Classic of Calculating. Jia Xian's works have been lost, but his important contribution to mathematics was quoted by Yang Hui, a mathematician in the Southern Song Dynasty, and was preserved. Jia Xian's main contribution is to create the "Jia Xian Triangle" and the "multiply-multiply-divide method". The method of increasing, multiplying and opening is a positive root method for finding higher power. At present, the principle and procedure of comprehensive division in middle school mathematics are similar. Compared with the traditional method, multiplication-multiplication-division is concise and easy to program, especially in high power, which shows its superiority. The calculation program of multiplication and division is basically the same as that of European mathematician Horner (AD 18 19), but it is 770 years earlier than him.
Four: Zu Chongzhi
Zu Chongzhi (429-500) was born in Wen Yuan. Jiankang (now Nanjing) was an outstanding mathematician and astronomer in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Zu Chongzhi studied natural science all his life, mainly contributing to mathematics, astronomical calendar and mechanical manufacturing. On the basis of exploring the accurate method of pi pioneered by Liu Hui, he first calculated the "pi" to the seventh place after the decimal point, that is, between 3. 14 15926 and 3. 14 15927. His "ancestral rate" has made great contributions to mathematical research. It was not until the 6th century A.D./KLOC-that the Arab mathematician Al Cassie broke this record. The Daming Calendar written by him was the most scientific and progressive calendar at that time, which provided a correct method for future astronomical research. His main works are In the Frontier, Composition, Explaining Words, Li Yi and so on.
Five: Zuxuan
Zu Xuan, whose real name is Jing Shuo, was born in Qiu County, Fanyang (now Laishui, Hebei Province). Zu Chongzhi Zi, a mathematician and astronomer in the Southern and Northern Dynasties in China. Together with his father, Zu Chongzhi, he successfully solved the problem of calculating the sphere area, got the correct volume formula and put forward the famous "Zupestle Principle". Zu Chongzhi and his son summarized the work of Liu Hui, a famous mathematician in Wei and Jin Dynasties, and put forward that "the power potential is the same, but the product is not different", that is, two solids with the same height. If the horizontal cross-sectional area at any height is equal, the volumes of two solids are equal, which is the famous axiom of ancestor's declaration (or Liu Zu's principle). Zu Xuan applied this principle to solve Liu Hui's unsolved spherical volume formula. This principle was not discovered by the western Italian mathematician cavalieri until17th century, which was more than 1 100 years later than Zuxuan. Zuxuan was one of the greatest mathematicians in ancient China.
Six: Yang Hui
Yang Hui, Qian Guang, Han nationality, Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province), outstanding mathematicians and mathematicians in the Southern Song Dynasty, with unknown life experiences. He used to be a local administrative officer in the Southern Song Dynasty, and his footprints were all over Suzhou and Hangzhou. He has made great contributions to summarizing agile algorithms such as folk multiplication, division, "superposition", vertical and horizontal diagrams, and mathematics education. He is the first mathematician in the world to draw a rich vertical and horizontal map and discuss its composition law. He has written five kinds of mathematical works, 2 1 volume, namely, Detailed Explanation of Algorithms in Chapter 9 12 (12 1), Everyday Algorithms 2 (1262) and Multiplication, Division and Change 3 (. The latter three are collectively called Yang Hui algorithm. Korea, Japan and other countries have published translations and spread them all over the world.
Seven: Qin
Qin (1208-1268) was born in Anyue, Zhou Pu, and his ancestral home was Lujun (now Fanxian, Henan). A famous mathematician in the Southern Song Dynasty, together with Ye Li, Yang Hui and Zhu Shijie, he was called the Four Masters of Mathematics in the Song and Yuan Dynasties. He studies astrology, rhythm, arithmetic, poetry, bows and arrows and architecture. He was a magistrate in Qiongzhou, a farmer and was later demoted. He died in Meizhou, where he completed 1247' s Shu Shu Jiu Zhang, in which the major deduction is a technique (solution of congruence equations, now called China residue theorem) and triple oblique quadrature.
Eight: Zhu Shijie
Zhu Shijie (1249-13 14), a native of Yanshan (present-day Beijing), was a mathematician and educator in the Yuan Dynasty, and engaged in mathematics education all his life. Known as "the greatest mathematician in the medieval world." Zhu Shijie developed the "Quaternary Technique" on the basis of celestial sphere technique at that time, that is, he listed the polynomial equation of higher degree and its elimination method. In addition, he also created the "superposition method", that is, the summation method of higher-order arithmetic progression, and the "difference method", that is, the higher-order interpolation method. His main works are "Arithmetic Enlightenment" and "Meeting with Siyuan".
Nine: Xu Guangqi
Xu Guangqi's greatest contribution to mathematics is the translation of Elements of Geometry (the first six volumes). Xu Guangqi put forward the practical idea of "the study of degrees", and also wrote two books, Gouguyi and Measuring Similarities and Differences. The origin of the name "geometry". In ancient China, the branch of mathematics was called "metaphysics". The word "geometry" is not a proprietary mathematical term in Chinese, but a function word meaning "how much". Xu Guangqi first used the word "geometry" as a technical term of mathematics to refer to this branch of mathematics. His translation of Euclid's Elements of Geometry. Until the beginning of the 20th century, China abolished the imperial examination and promoted schools. Elementary geometry with geometry as its main content became a compulsory subject in middle schools. The translation of Geometry Elements greatly influenced China's original habit of studying and studying mathematics, and changed the direction of China's mathematics development. Therefore, this process is a great event in the history of Chinese mathematics.
Ten: Li
Li, whose original name is Li, whose real name is Fang, whose first name is Qiu Xian, and whose nickname is Ren Shu. Born in 18 1 1, 65438+122, and died in 1882, 65438+9, Haining, Zhejiang Province, he was a famous mathematician, astronomer and mechanic in modern China. He founded the power series expansion of quadratic square root and studied various trigonometric functions.