1 Definition of entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship is a process in which entrepreneurs make efforts to optimize and integrate the resources they own or can own, thus creating greater economic or social value. Entrepreneurship is a way of working, which requires entrepreneurs to organize themselves and use services, technology and utensils to think, reason and judge.
Entrepreneurs must have good luck, need to contribute time, make efforts and bear corresponding financial, spiritual and social risks. Only in this way can they get a monetary return and achieve personal satisfaction and economic independence.
For a real entrepreneur, the process of starting a business is not only full of passion, hardship, frustration, anxiety, pain and hesitation, but also requires unremitting efforts. Of course, gradual success will also bring endless joy and shared happiness. Entrepreneurship is a way of working and a wealth phenomenon out of nothing.
2 Motivation of starting a business
People speak and do things with a purpose, and motivation is the reason to achieve this goal, supporting people to take action. The main motivation for people to start a business is to change their economic and social status, which includes wealth, social recognition, ability improvement, personal development and other entrepreneurial motives.
For example, Lu was born in Ningwei Town, Xiaoshan City, Zhejiang Province. My father works in a pharmaceutical factory in Shanghai with a meager income. He and his mother lived a hard life in a poor village. /kloc-after dropping out of school at the age of 0/5, with the help of Lu, he was introduced to Xiaoshan County Iron Industry Society as a small apprentice while working while the iron was hot. But three years later, he was dismissed and returned to the countryside because of downsizing. Decided to start a business if he refused to admit defeat. "I never wanted to be an entrepreneur. My business is to force Liangshan. " At that time, he saw that it was inconvenient for villagers to grind rice noodles, but he was very interested in equipment, so he raised money to buy equipment and opened a rice noodle processing factory that dared not hang up. Later, due to the prohibition of private operation, the processing factory was forced to close down. In order to pay off the debt, Lu had to sell three old houses.
Although hit, Qiu Guan didn't give up. Because of the "shutdown revolution", people couldn't even buy shovels and sickles at that time, and there was no place to repair bicycles. After Lu applied for 15, he opened a blacksmith's shop, and the business soon flourished. At 1969, because the government requires every town to have an agricultural machinery repair shop, experienced and famous Lu was invited by the commune to take over the dilapidated agricultural machinery repair shop of Ningwei commune. During this period, in addition to operating agricultural machinery repair shops, Lu also made an attempt as long as he could make money and do business well.
10 years later, various products such as plows, rakes, universal joints and lost wax cast steel were used by Lu, and the initial primitive accumulation was difficult to complete. In the spring of 1978, many brands, such as Ningwei Agricultural Machinery Factory, Ningwei Bearing Factory and Ningwei Chain Factory, have been hung at the gate of the factory in Lu, and the number of employees has reached more than 300. Seeing that the automobile market in China began to take off, Lu adjusted the company's strategy and concentrated on producing specialized automobile universal joints. That autumn, he renamed the factory Xiaoshan Universal Joint Factory (the predecessor of Wanxiang Group today).
At the 1980 National Auto Parts Ordering Conference, Lu did not give up and set up a stall outside the venue, although he was refused admission. When the hearing venue was caught in a price tug-of-war, he posted advertisements at the venue to sell his high-quality products at a price below 20%, and soon the manufacturers rushed out of the OTC market. Wanxiang's trip won an order of 265,438+10,000 yuan, and Lu became the most obscure big winner and became famous in one fell swoop.
Three types of entrepreneurship
The types of entrepreneurial enterprises in China can be divided into the following categories according to their different characteristics.
(1) An entrepreneurial enterprise that makes a living.
Mainly distributed in retail and traditional service industries, the main practitioners are women, the disabled, the elderly and people with low cultural quality. The main purpose of such enterprises is to solve the problems of survival and food and clothing, and to solve the problems of employment and economic sources through independent entrepreneurship. It is very necessary for people living in this area to improve the life service system, and colleagues are also entrepreneurs actively promoted by the government and society.
(2) Growth-oriented entrepreneurial enterprises.
It means that it has the ability to continuously tap resources that have not been used for a long time. It may be in a traditional industry, such as food industry, service industry or manufacturing industry, but its operators are good at using new organizational methods (chain stores and franchise stores) to rapidly expand the market.
(3) Innovative and entrepreneurial enterprises.
Such enterprises are closely following the forefront of scientific and technological development, developing and promoting products or services that have not yet formed a market; Or improve the market quality and increase the added value of products and services.
If there are different entrepreneurial ways according to entrepreneurial activities, entrepreneurship can be divided into the following three types.
(1) Start your own business.
Self-employment means that entrepreneurs or entrepreneurial teams start their own businesses from scratch.
For example, in recent years, with the support of employment pressure and national policies, the self-employment rate of college students is getting higher and higher; There are more and more traditional industries (such as catering, cosmetics stores, online stores, clothing, electronic products) carried out by individuals.
Another example is Xia Ganliang's entrepreneurial process from tutoring to teaching materials. Xia Ganliang was originally a law student at Fudan University. Because he usually tutors his younger brothers and sisters, although it is free, but his experience in tutoring is quite rich, he started the idea of tutoring and accumulating social experience when he graduated from Jianping Middle School. So he called together more than 20 junior high school students from Shanghai Middle School, Fudan Middle School, China Normal University No.2 Middle School and other schools to form a small team as tutors. They printed 2,500 small business cards-"Family Mutual Aid Education from Fudan, Jiaotong University, Tongji and other famous schools", and then delivered them in residential areas in Pudong, Xuhui and other districts. After successfully selling themselves out, small teachers often get together to share their teaching experience: how to divide children into different categories; How to allocate time for lectures and problem solving; How to solve various problems that students encounter? After a period of time, the team reached a basic unified classroom teaching materials and teaching mode, and the tutor passed the star rating. By the end of the summer vacation, they had taught 160 students, and almost every grade had their students from grade six to senior three. And relying on this first mentor, Xia Ganliang and others earned the first bucket of gold in life.
After entering Fudan University, Xia Ganliang and his old classmates plan to set up a consulting company, whose main business is tutoring business. A person is free to be a mentor, but a team has a lot of odds and ends. "We must assign teachers according to different students, collect exercise papers for each school's high school and discuss the teaching plan for next week. The whole process is no different from managing a company to do business. " Xia Ganliang lamented that it would be really tiring to manage such a company if it weren't for the accumulation of mentors for many years. He believes that long-term tutoring experience not only taught them how to communicate with others, but also taught them how to arrange their work reasonably and effectively.
Once a parent asked to find a full-time tutor for his child, but the "little teacher" gave the child a class as soon as he arrived at the client's home. Sometimes students do their homework for two hours. He asks them to have a rest and watch TV. Sometimes parents of children are quite dissatisfied because they are late for something and fail to meet the prescribed time. After this lesson, Xia Ganliang decided to let all teachers have a heart-to-heart talk with students and parents in the first class to understand the children's personality and parents' requirements. After the two sides reach an agreement, they will get twice the result with half the effort.
The idea of writing teaching AIDS comes from a joke of team members. Although publishing books is the first move of these college students, each of them is a "little teacher" with rich teaching experience. Coupled with the classic examples prepared for students in class and some exercises of my senior three, the "OK College Entrance Examination Series" gradually took shape. However, publishing a book cannot be solved simply by summarizing all the topics. First of all, we must negotiate with the publishing house. Not knowing the operation of the publishing house, they turned to the publishing house for help. Due to the lack of funds, the first issue of "College Entrance Examination English Speciality" started from scratch entirely by everyone's strength. Xia Ganliang told reporters that there was no money to hire a professional phototypesetting company at that time. They 10 people entered the computer one by one, and then groped for their own typesetting software. They booked a room in the guest house next to the school, 1 month. More than 65,438+00 people and more than 65,438+00 computers work around the clock. When they are tired and sleepy, they lie on the ground and rest. Sometimes they don't understand the key points, so they ask some senior teachers of their alma mater for advice. After their teaching AIDS came out, the first batch of 5,000 English books sold out in a short time, and then two series of Chinese and math books were put on the shelves. In just half a year, they made a net profit of 65,438+10,000 yuan.
(2) from entrepreneurship.
Departure from entrepreneurship is an independent activity for managers within a company to leave the company and set up an independent enterprise. This kind of entrepreneur has the professional knowledge, experience and network needed for starting a business, producing products similar to those of the original company or providing similar services.
For example, in southwest China, there are many such entrepreneurs who produce, assemble and sell petroleum machinery and other related industries.
(3) Second venture.
The second venture refers to the venture that seeks and pursues new and profitable ideas and business opportunities within the enterprise. It has profound, rich and scientific connotation. The second venture is the highest stage of the development of knowledge economy.