Closely combine the study and implementation of the "Decision" and deepen the comprehensive reform in the field of education.
The contents of the Decision on education reform can be divided into two parts, one is to directly discuss the content of deepening the comprehensive reform in the field of education, and the other is the related content of education reform throughout the whole text of the Decision.
Establishing and perfecting the basic public service system is an important content of the CPC Central Committee benefiting people's livelihood and an important task of educational reform and development. The "Decision" systematically and comprehensively expounds the strategic deployment and major measures taken by the Party and the government to establish and improve the basic public service system, creating a new environment and putting forward new tasks for the construction and reform of the basic public education service system.
First, the Decision clearly requires "strengthening and optimizing public services" and "strengthening public services of local governments", and attaches importance to the systematic design and overall arrangement of the public service system. The central and local governments must invest more energy, time and financial resources to improve the quality of public education services.
Second, the "Decision" proposes to improve the system and mechanism for the healthy development of urbanization, "promote the orderly opening of services such as finance, education, culture and medical care" and "steadily promote the full coverage of permanent residents in urban basic public services". Expanding education opening to the outside world is a long-term task of education reform and development, and it is necessary to further expand the field of education opening and improve the level of education opening.
Third, the "Decision" clearly requires that "all major national scientific research infrastructure that should be opened according to regulations should be open to the society." It is necessary to study and formulate new policies, require and encourage the state, especially universities, to invest, build and use major scientific research infrastructure and open it to the society.
Fourth, the Decision clearly stated that "social organizations and Chinese-funded institutions are encouraged to participate in the construction of Confucius Institutes and overseas cultural centers and undertake humanities exchange projects". In order to build a strong cultural country, we need to use more social capital and social resources to improve the level and quality of construction and expand the world influence of Chinese culture.
Fifth, the "Decision" proposes to "promote the employment of young people with emphasis on college graduates", "improve the public employment and entrepreneurship service system of urban and rural equalization, and build a lifelong vocational training system for workers". Lifelong vocational training system is a new concept put forward in the Decision, and it is a new requirement and task to build a public education service system and a learning society.
Comprehensively deepening the reform not only puts forward new requirements and tasks for education, but also provides new opportunities for educational reform and development. The "Decision" clarifies that "for public services that have great influence across regions and other regions, the central government will bear some local affairs and expenditure responsibilities through transfer payment." Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Chongqing and some areas undertaking national and regional education public service projects are expected to receive more support from the central government. The "Decision" proposes: "Increase the proportion of state-owned capital gains turned over to public finance, and increase it to 30% in 2020 to protect and improve people's livelihood." Education is an important livelihood project, which is expected to receive more financial support from the central and local governments.
Closely combine the strategic focus of comprehensively deepening reform and deepen comprehensive reform in the field of education.
In order to speed up the improvement of the modern market system, the "Decision" clearly stated: "Focus on making the market play a decisive role in resource allocation and deepen the reform of the economic system." The government insists on doing something but not doing something. While improving the macro-control ability of economic development, we should further improve the ability and level of scientific management of social affairs. While continuing to adhere to the principle of public welfare in education, we will promote the diversification of school-running subjects and forms, improve the way of providing public services for non-compulsory education, and guide social funds to enter the education field in various ways.
First, people-oriented, which is the starting point and the end result of comprehensively deepening reform. The "Decision" pointed out that "people-oriented, respect people's dominant position, give play to people's initiative, rely on people to promote reform and promote people's all-round development". Reform is a profound and arduous social and economic revolution. The success of the reform depends on the leadership of the party, the participation of the people, the all-round development of people and the continuous improvement of the overall quality of the people.
Second, we should focus on the urbanization process in China and promote comprehensive reform in the field of education. The "Decision" clearly pointed out that to improve the system and mechanism of urban-rural development integration, "it is necessary to improve the system and mechanism, and form a new type of relationship between workers and peasants in urban and rural areas, which promotes agriculture through industry, brings rural areas to cities, benefits workers and peasants, and integrates urban and rural areas, so that farmers can participate in the modernization process on an equal footing and share the fruits of modernization." The Outline of Education Planning proposes that education modernization will be basically realized by 2020. It is necessary to closely integrate the planning and layout of educational development with the process of urbanization, closely integrate national modernization with educational modernization, and let farmers share the fruits of educational modernization.
Third, pay attention to the changes in China's population policy and promote comprehensive reform in the field of education. In terms of population policy, the "Decision" puts forward that "the basic national policy of family planning should be adhered to, and the policy that couples with one only child can have two children should be initiated". The change of family planning policy will directly affect the birth rate and the size of school-age population. Education administrative departments at all levels should take the initiative to adapt, plan ahead, make early preparations in school layout, construction, teacher training, etc., and make good arrangements for kindergarten and school layout and funds.
Fourth, adapt to China's aging trend and promote comprehensive reform in the field of education. Regarding the policy of population aging, the "Decision" puts forward: "Actively respond to the aging population, accelerate the establishment of a socialized old-age service system, and develop the old-age service industry." Aging is an important issue in China's economic, social and population development. It is predicted that China has entered the rapid development stage of population aging, and the education problem of the elderly population in China will become increasingly prominent. It is necessary to include the elderly in the important service targets of national learning and lifelong learning, and actively develop education for the elderly. The Outline of Education Planning puts forward: "Attach importance to education for the aged." On September 20 13, the State Council issued several opinions on accelerating the development of the aged care service industry. Aging has put forward new requirements and tasks for educational reform and development.
In addition, education reform involves social governance, cultural construction, ecological civilization, people's democracy, public safety and other fields. In short, many reform tasks in the Decision are directly or indirectly related to education. Education administrative departments at all levels, education and scientific research departments and schools should seriously study and fully understand, gradually expand the field and scope of public education services, promote the construction of a learning society, achieve full coverage of lifelong learning, and actively serve the overall situation of national reform and development.
Closely integrate with the implementation of the educational planning outline and deepen the comprehensive reform in the field of education.
Reform is a grand systematic project. To promote comprehensive reform in the field of education, we must make clear the overall goal of comprehensively deepening reform and promote comprehensive reform in the field of education in combination with the overall goal of national education reform. 20 10 Outline of Education Planning has made overall planning and scientific deployment for China's education reform and development before 2020. The Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee incorporated comprehensive education reform into the top-level design and grand blueprint of the overall situation of national reform, which further enhanced the strategic position of comprehensive education reform.
Promoting the comprehensive reform in the field of education is a brand-new task facing the education department and schools at all levels. Comprehensive reform mainly refers to the integrity, comprehensiveness and systematicness of reform, including comprehensive research reform, system design reform, scientific organization reform and overall evaluation reform. First, conduct a comprehensive study on the field of education, study the overall impact, challenges and opportunities of comprehensive reform, including economic system, political system, cultural system, social system, ecological civilization system and party building system, and comprehensively study the objectives, paths, means and mechanisms of educational reform. The second is the reform in the field of systematic design education, which combines the needs of comprehensive reform, economic and social development and all-round development of people to systematically plan and design the reform and development of preschool education, basic education, vocational education, higher education, continuing education and lifelong education. At the same time, comprehensively strengthen the systematic design of reform target mechanism, dynamic mechanism and restriction mechanism to ensure the continuity and sustainability of reform. Third, scientifically organize the relevant departments of the central and local governments, schools at all levels, stakeholders and all sectors of society to support and participate in the comprehensive reform in the field of education. Fourth, make an overall assessment of educational reforms in different fields and departments, constantly improve reform ideas and strategies, improve the level of reform, and innovate reform practices, theories and models.
Reform is a powerful driving force for the development of education in the new period. The overall arrangement of the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee on deepening the comprehensive reform in the field of education, including comprehensively implementing the Party's educational policy, promoting educational equity, promoting the reform of the examination enrollment system, and deepening the separation of management and evaluation, embodies the general idea of promoting development, fairness, quality and vitality through reform in the field of education. The reform highlight of the Decision is an important focus of comprehensive reform in the field of education in the coming period. First, the exchange and rotation of principals and teachers will be implemented, and key schools and key classes will not be set up. The second is to explore the relative separation of enrollment and examination, and the system of multiple choices for students' examinations. The third is to try out district system and enroll students for nine years. The fourth is to gradually promote the multiple admission mechanism based on the comprehensive evaluation of the results of the unified college entrance examination and the high school level examination. The fifth is to explore the socialized reduction of subjects in the national unified examination, regardless of subjects such as arts and sciences and foreign languages. Sixth, the credit conversion among ordinary colleges, higher vocational colleges and adult colleges will broaden the channels of lifelong learning. Seventh, entrust social organizations to carry out educational evaluation and monitoring. Improve the system of government purchasing education services. Eighth, gradually abolish the administrative level of schools and research institutes and establish the corporate governance structure of public institutions. These supporting reforms will give birth to a series of profound institutional changes in China's future education.
The development and reform of education need the support of resources. Statistics show that in 2000, the national fiscal expenditure on education was about 256.2438 billion yuan, and in 2065.438+02, it was about 2223.623 billion yuan. Although it is about 8.68 times that of 2000, the structure and distribution mechanism of funds are not fully adapted to the needs of educational reform and development, and necessary adjustments are needed. There is no stable financial support in the fields of education for the aged, lifelong education and the construction of a learning society, which is not conducive to building a learning society and a powerful country with human resources.
It is necessary to closely integrate the implementation of the Decision with the implementation of the educational planning outline, closely integrate the key areas and key links of reform with the reform objectives, pursue the balanced and all-round development of quality education, and strive to run a satisfactory education for the people so that every child can enjoy a fairer and higher quality education. (The author is a researcher at the National Education Development Research Center.)
Reference: Grasp the overall direction of reform and deepen the comprehensive reform of education.
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