1, basis. China implements a school education system that combines preschool education, primary education, secondary education, higher education and adult education. Primary education is the foundation.

2. the whole person. Broadly speaking, universality means that primary education must be open to all. In a narrow sense, popularization means that primary education must be open to all school-age children.

3. Mandatory. Primary education is for all school-age children, and any minor citizen, regardless of race, nationality, sex, color, language and socioeconomic status, must receive primary education as long as he reaches a certain age.

4. comprehensiveness. Primary education is an all-round education for children's moral, intellectual, physical and aesthetic development. Primary education is the education of general basic knowledge and basic skills for all children.

Basic principles of primary education:

1, the principle of unity between education and science: it means that teaching should be guided by Marxism, give students scientific knowledge, and combine knowledge teaching to educate students on socialist morality, correct outlook on life and scientific world outlook. Its essence is to organically combine teaching and educating people in teaching activities.

2. The principle of integrating theory with practice: In teaching, teachers should make students understand and master knowledge from the combination of theory and practice, guide students to solve various practical problems with newly learned knowledge, and cultivate students' ability to analyze and solve problems. This principle is the embodiment of the teaching law of the unity of direct experience and indirect experience in teaching.

3. Intuition principle means that in teaching activities, teachers should try their best to make use of students' multiple senses and existing experience, so that students can obtain vivid representations through various forms of perception, so as to master knowledge comprehensively and profoundly. This principle is put forward according to the teaching law of the unity of human cognition, direct experience and indirect experience, and is also determined by the age characteristics of primary and secondary school students.

4. Enlightening principle: It means that in teaching activities, teachers should mobilize students' initiative and enthusiasm, guide students to study lively through independent thinking and active exploration, consciously master scientific knowledge, and improve their ability to analyze and solve problems.