Edited on March 2, 2020
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Send the original and translation to Dongyang Ma.
First, send Dongyang Ma Ming Original: Song Lian is young and eager to learn. Because my family is poor, I can't get books to read. I often borrow money from the library, copy it myself, and send it back on the appointed day. When the weather is cold, the water in the salt pond freezes into ice and I can't stretch my fingers. I still don't relax reading. After copying, please go back to China, and dare not exceed the agreed time limit slightly. So most people will lend me books so that I can read all kinds of books. When he grew up, he admired the teachings of saints and suffered from being unable to associate with knowledgeable teachers and celebrities. He quickly walked out of the hundred miles and brought the scriptures to his fellow villagers. Senior honorary person, Yemeni students crowded his room, and his words and attitude were never slightly euphemistic. Around Lishi, he assisted the suspect and leaned over to ask questions; Or the more respectful and polite you are when you meet, you dare not say a word; Please ask again as soon as it is happy. So I was stupid and finally learned a lot. When I was looking for my master, I was walking in the mountains of Otani with my book box on my back and Tara shoes on. In winter, the wind was cold and the snow was several feet deep, and my feet and skin were frozen and cracked. After entering the room, my limbs were stiff and I couldn't move. The servant gave me hot water and covered me with a quilt. It took a long time to warm up. Stay in a hotel and eat two meals a day, without fresh fat and delicious enjoyment. All the students are all embroidered, wearing hats decorated with treasures, white jade rings on their waists, swords on their left and smelly faces on their right. I am wearing a robe, but I am not sentimental at all. Because there are enough things in your heart to make you happy, don't feel that the enjoyment of food is not as good as others. My efforts and efforts are probably like this. Although I am old and have no achievements, I am fortunate to be among the gentlemen. However, I have been blessed by the son of heaven. After I became a public official, I worked as a consultant every day, and the whole world misreported my last name. What else? Nowadays, students are studying in imperial academy, and the county officials provide a little support every day. Parents have the legacy of Qiu Ge at the age of 20, and there is no danger of freezing and embarrassment; Sit downstairs and recite "poems" and "books" without running around; Some are teachers, some are teachers, some don't ask, don't tell, and some ask but don't; All the books should be kept here. There is no need to record them through other people's hands and read them later. If they are not proficient in their studies and their moral character is not cultivated, if they have no talent and qualifications, they will not be as single-minded as I am. Can you say it's someone else's fault? Dongyang Ma, who studied in imperial academy for two years, was praised by his peers for his virtue. I went to the capital to appear before the emperor, who met me as a fellow villager and wrote a long letter as a gift. The words were fluent and accessible, and I argued with him with a gentle and polite attitude. He said that when he was young, he studied very hard and was a good learner. He was going home to visit his parents, and I told him about the difficulties in his studies. It is said that Yu Mian's fellow villagers are all scholars, and so is Yu. Those who despise me, brag about my wealth and prosperity, and be arrogant to my hometown know the rest! I liked studying when I was young. Because my family is poor and I can't get books to read, I often borrow them from people who collect books, copy them myself and return them on an agreed date. When the weather is very cold, the water in the inkstone pool is frozen into hard ice, and my fingers can't bend and stretch, so I still don't relax reading. Return it to others as soon as possible after copying, and dare not exceed the agreed time limit slightly. So most people are willing to lend me books, so I can read all kinds of books. As an adult, I admire the theory of sages more, but I can't communicate with knowledgeable teachers and celebrities. Once I walked (ran) a hundred miles and asked my compatriots for advice with scriptures in my hand. His predecessors were highly respected, and his master students crowded his room. His words and attitude have never been euphemistic. I stood beside him, asking questions, asking truth, and bowed my head to him for advice; Sometimes I am reprimanded, my expression is more respectful, my manners are more thoughtful, and I dare not answer a word; Ask him when he is happy. So although I was stupid, I finally learned a lot. When I was looking for a teacher, I walked in the old valley in the deep mountains with my book box and shoes on my back. In the severe winter, the wind was cold and the snow was several feet deep, and my feet and skin were frozen and cracked. When I arrived at the school house, my limbs were stiff and I couldn't move. The servant poured me hot water and covered me with a quilt. It took a long time to warm up. Staying in a hotel, eating two meals a day, no fresh, fat and delicious enjoyment. The students' scholars are all well-dressed, wearing red scarves and jewels, with white jade rings around their waist, knives on the left and sachets on the right, which are as bright as gods; I'm wearing an old cotton gown and a rag, and I'm not jealous. Because there are enough things in my heart to make me happy, I don't feel that the enjoyment of food and clothing is inferior to others. My efforts and hardships are probably like this. Although I am old now, I have achieved nothing, but fortunately, I am still among the gentlemen, bearing the honor of the son of heaven, following the emperor every day, waiting for inquiries, and praising my name inappropriately under the sun, not to mention anyone who can surpass me. Now students are studying in imperial academy, and the court provides meals every day. Parents give them leather clothes in winter and kudzu clothes in summer, so don't worry about freezing and hunger. Sitting downstairs reading classics, there is no hard work; There are teachers like doctors, who ask for advice without asking themselves and get nothing; All the books you should have are concentrated here. You don't have to copy them by hand like me. You can borrow them from others before you can see them. If some of them are not proficient in their studies and their moral quality has not developed, if they are not talented and have low qualifications, they will not be as single-minded as I am. Can you say it's someone else's fault? Dongyang Ma studied in imperial academy for two years, and his peers praised his virtue. When I went to the capital to see the emperor, Ma Sheng greeted me as a younger compatriot and wrote a long letter as a gift. He is fluent and approachable, arguing with him with gentle words and humble attitude. He himself said that he was very diligent and hard-working when he was a teenager, and he can be called a good learner! He was going home to meet his parents, so I specifically told him about my study difficulties. If I encourage fellow villagers to study hard, that is my ambition; If you slander me, brag about my experience and be proud in front of my hometown, do you know me? Liu Ji once commented on the first five paragraphs of Song Lian's "A Journey to the East", and fully described and expounded the importance of being diligent and eager to learn, as well as the spirit and attitude that should be upheld from different aspects and in various forms of expression. In the last paragraph, I briefly mentioned the meaning of the question: Because Ma Sheng is knowledgeable and Ma Sheng is young and studious, the article encourages Ma Sheng. This unique article structure layout can be said to be "object" first and then "main". "Guest" focuses on narrative reasoning and pen and ink, so it comes naturally and can naturally transition to "master"-cherish ink as gold to clarify the meaning of the topic. The full text is divided into three parts, which are compact and rigorous. The first two parts explain the main idea from the comparison, and the latter part closely follows the preface style to explain the writing intention. The article is reasonable, not empty talk and easy to accept. The first part is the author's account of his study period, and how to be the first among students who study modestly, regardless of the objective conditions. Together with Gao Qi and Liu Ji, he was called "the great poet in the third day of Ming Dynasty". Liu Ji praised him as "the first article today" and scholars from all directions called him "Tai Shigong". He grew up from a poor family, but he was smart and eager to learn. He was employed by Wu Lai, Liu Guan, Huang Cheng and other ancient writers at the end of Yuan Dynasty. He studied hard all his life. "From childhood to old age, he never went to school for a day and learned everything." At the end of Yuan Dynasty, Yuan Shundi asked him to organize and edit imperial academy. He resigned and wrote a book on the grounds of supporting his parents. In the early Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor, and Song Lian became a Confucian teacher in Jiangnan, giving lectures to the Prince. In the second year of Hongwu (1369), he was ordered to major in Yuan history. Tired officials went to the academician courtyard to start a business, knowing the patent. Hongwu ten years (1377), resigned and returned home. The preface to Houyang Ma Sheng can be described as a masterpiece in his prose, which embodies the style of the elderly and is a model for all, and its beauty is worth savoring. About the author: Song Lian (13165438+1October 4th-13865438+June 20th, 0), whose real name is Shou, whose real name is Jing Lian, whose real name is Qian Xi, whose alias is Longmen Zi, Dun, etc. Originally from Jinhua, he moved to the west (now Yiwu, Zhejiang) and later moved to Pujiang, Jinhua (now Pujiang, Zhejiang). A famous politician, writer, historian and thinker in the early Ming Dynasty. Together with Gao Qi and Liu Ji, they are called "three great poets in early Ming Dynasty", and together with Zhang Yi, Liu Ji and Ye Chen, they are called "four gentlemen in eastern Zhejiang". Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, praised him as "the head of the founding civil servants", and scholars called him Taishigong and Song Longmen. Song Lian was ill since childhood, and his family was poor, but he was smart and studious, so he was known as a "child prodigy". He was employed by Ji Meng, Wu Lai, Liu Guan, Huang Cheng and others. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, he resigned from the imperial court and ordered monks to write books. In the early Ming Dynasty, he was hired by Zhu Yuanzhang and was honored as a teacher of the Five Classics, giving lectures for Prince Zhu Biao. In the second year of Hongwu (1369), he was ordered to major in Yuan history. Most of the court etiquette was formulated for him when he was tired of being an official and learned the imperial edict from the Hanlin bachelor. Hongwu ten years (1377), resigned as an old man and returned to his hometown. Later, because his eldest grandson was involved in the Hu case, he was demoted to Maozhou and died in Kuizhou at the age of 72. Ming Wuzong pursued "Wen Xian", so he called it "Song Wenxian". Both Song Lian and Liu Ji are famous for their prose creation, and they are called "the Sect of a Generation". His prose is either concise or graceful and elegant, each with its own characteristics. He admired Taige literature, and his style was honest and elegant, which provided a model for the literary creation of later "Taige style" writers. Most of his works were carved into seventy-five volumes of The Complete Works of Song and Shi Xue. Song Lian was born on1October 13 (13 10). He was born on the same day as his grandfather, so he was named Shou and later renamed Lian. Its ancestor Bai Song moved to Jinhua in the Southern Song Dynasty (now Yiwu, Zhejiang) and then moved to Jinhua Pujiang in Song Lian (now Pujiang, Zhejiang). Because his mother was only seven months pregnant and was born in Song Lian, Song Lian was sickly when she was young, and "she was in a coma for several days every time she met a strong wind". Thanks to the careful care of his grandmother Jin and his mother Chen, he was able to spend his childhood smoothly. He is smart and has a strong memory, and is known as a "child prodigy". He studied under Ji Meng, Wu Lai, Liu Guan and Huang Cheng. , and proficient in the five classics. He studied hard all his life. "From childhood to old age, he never went to school for a day and learned everything." Yuan Shundi nine years (1349), due to the recommendation of Su Wei and others, Shun Di called Song Lian as the editor of Hanlin, but he refused to be called on the grounds of supporting his parents. Ten years after Zheng Zheng (1350), he became a Taoist priest in Xianhuashan, but actually went to the mountains to write books. In the 16th year of Zheng Zheng's reign (1356), he entered Xiaolongmen Mountain to write a book on October 4th. Professor Prince Song Lian was in Zheng Zheng for eighteen years (1358). In March, Zhu Yuanzhang's army captured Zhou Mu, and Song Lian sent his family to Gouwu Mountain in Zhuji, but he stayed. In November, the county magistrate Wang Xianzong was hired to take the Five Classics as his teacher, but Song Lian declined. In the 19th year of Zheng Zhi (1359), in the first month, Zhu Yuanzhang ordered Wang Xianzong, who was promoted to the position of magistrate, to set up a school in the county, and called Song Lian as Wuzhou county teacher to study the Five Classics. In the twentieth year of Zheng Zheng (1360), Song Lian, Liu Ji, Zhang Yi and Ye Chen were called to Yingtianfu by Zhu Yuanzhang on the recommendation of Li Shanchang. In July, Song Lian was ordered to promote Confucianism in Jiangnan and other places. 10, was ordered to teach Zhu Biao, the son of Zhu Yuanzhang, the Five Classics, and then participated in the compilation of Gathering Notes. In the 20th century (1363), in May, Zhu Yuanzhang built a pavilion of immortals, including Song Lian and others. In December of the first year of Hongwu (1368), Zhu Yuanzhang wrote The History of the Yuan Dynasty and appointed Song Lian and Wang Gan as the chief executives. In the second year of Hongwu (1369), Song Lian went to compile History of the Yuan Dynasty, which was published in February, with Song Lian and Wang Qi as presidents. In June, in addition to serving as a bachelor's degree in Hanlin Academy, doctor of traditional Chinese medicine, intellectual patent, minor in national history. In August of the same year, he wrote a history of Yuan Dynasty and appointed Song Lian as a bachelor of imperial academy. In the third year of Hongwu (1370), due to the fact that Confucian scholars such as Ouyang You collected the deeds of the Yuan Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang continued to study yuan dynasty history on the sixth day of February, and still appointed Song Lian and Wang Xian as presidents. By July 1 day, the book was finished. In July, he was demoted as an editor of Hanlin for losing the DPRK.