Schema refers to the cognitive structure of children's adaptation to the environment.

1, Piaget's constructivist development view, the essence of cognitive development is adaptation, and children's cognition develops from low level to high level through assimilation, adaptation and balance on the basis of existing schema.

2. Assimilation refers to the process in which individuals use existing schemata to integrate new stimuli into existing cognitive structures.

3. Adaptation refers to children's cognitive process of changing existing schema or forming new schema to adapt to new stimuli.

4. Balance, that is, the "balance" between assimilation and adaptation.