Educational psychology is a science that studies the basic psychological laws of junior high school and teaching in the context of education and teaching.
Research field of educational psychology
The specific research field of educational psychology revolves around the interactive process of learning and teaching.
The interactive process between learning and teaching is a systematic process, which includes five elements: students, teachers, teaching content, teaching media and teaching environment, and is interwoven by three activity processes: learning process, teaching process and evaluation/reflection process.
Among them, student factors mainly affect the process of learning and teaching from two aspects:
(1) Group differences, including age, gender and social and cultural differences.
Individual differences include differences in previous knowledge base, learning style, intelligence level, interest and necessity.
Every difference will affect the process of learning and teaching, and become a category worthy of study in educational psychology.
The core content of educational psychology research
Learning process refers to the process in which students acquire knowledge, skills and attitudes through interaction with teachers, classmates and teaching information in teaching situations.
Learning process is the core content of educational psychology research, such as the nature, conditions, motivation, transfer and characteristics of different types of learning.
Disciplinary characteristics of educational psychology
Disciplinary characteristics of educational psychology;
From the perspective of discipline category, it is not only a branch of psychology, but also an interdisciplinary subject produced by the combination of pedagogy and psychology.
It has both the nature of natural science and social science, and is an intermediate (marginal) science.
From the perspective of discipline function, it is a theoretical discipline, a basic and applied discipline with practical guidance and application.
The Relationship between Educational Psychology and Neighborhood Learning
Educational psychology and pedagogy both involve the field of education, but the research objects and tasks are different.
Educational psychology and general psychology are the relationship between individuality and generality.
General psychology is the basis of educational psychology.
Educational psychology is the embodiment of general psychological principles in specific educational fields.
Educational psychology is only the application of general psychological principles in the field of education, and it is an applied discipline lacking particularity and independence.
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The role of educational psychology
Educational psychology can describe, explain, predict and control educational practice.
This problem is consistent.
1. (single choice) Educational psychology is a middle school and science that studies educational situations.
A. Basic education rules B. Basic education rules
C. Basic psychological laws D. Basic physiological and psychological laws
Answer: c
2. (Single choice) Mainly study educational psychology).
A. Students' learning B. Teachers' teaching
C. Educational environment D. Students' learning and teacher education
Event: d
3. (Single choice) The core content of educational psychology research is).
A. Education process B. Evaluation process
C. Reflection process D. Learning process
Answer: d
4. (multiple choices) The nature of educational psychology.
A. it is an interdisciplinary subject between natural science and social science.
B.this is a natural science
C. it is a social science.
D is an independent subject combining theory with application.
Answer: AD
5. (Multiple choices) The role of educational psychology in educational practice.
A. description B. description C. prediction D. control
Answer: ABCD
The development of educational psychology
educational psychology
It first appeared before the 1920s, developed to the end of the 1920s, and was completed from the 1960s to the end of the 1970s after the 1980s.
Primitive educational psychology
1877, Russian educator and psychologist Kalpic Lev published the book Educational Psychology. This is the earliest book officially named Educational Psychology in the world.
Father of educational psychology
1903, American psychologist Thorndike published Educational Psychology. This is the first book named Educational Psychology in the West, which laid the foundation for the development of educational psychology.
The name and system of western educational psychology were thus established, and Thorndike was known as the "father of educational psychology".
China's first educational psychology
From 65438 to 0924, Liao Shicheng compiled the first textbook of educational psychology in China.
This problem is consistent.
1. (single choice) Educational psychology is roughly at the beginning).
A.65438+1before the 1920s B.65438+1the 1980s.
C. Before the 1920s
Answer: c
2. (single choice) The first book named Educational Psychology in the world is Educational Psychology published by 1877.
A. Shanski cappucci Lev
C. Leontev Rubinstein
Answer: b
3. The symbol of the birth of educational psychology (single choice) A. 1868 Niu Hinsky's Understanding of Educational Objects was published.
B1879, Feng Te established the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig university.
C. 1899 James's talk with teachers was published.
D. 1903 Thorndike published Educational Psychology.
Answer: d
4. (Single choice) Founder of Educational Psychology.
A. Feng Te Thorndike Kohler Watson
Answer: b
5. (single choice) The author of the first educational psychology textbook in China is ().
A. Fang Dongyue B. Liao Shicheng C. Lu Han Zhi D. Pan Wei
Answer: b
Experimental methods of research methods and principles of educational psychology
Experimental method is the most widely used and fruitful method in psychological research, which mainly includes laboratory experiments and field experiments.
Field experiment, also known as natural experiment, is a method to study students' psychological activities by creating or changing certain conditions under natural conditions.
It is difficult to control the field experiment and obtain accurate experimental results.
Observation method
Observation is a method for researchers to investigate and describe the performance or behavior changes of some individuals' psychological activities in a purposeful and planned way through feelings or certain scientific instruments in the teaching process, so as to collect relevant research data.
Observation is the most basic and commonly used method in educational psychology research.
Research principles of educational psychology
//The research principles of educational psychology are as follows.
A prerequisite for scientific research.
Educational principle: In the research process of educational psychology, the research means and methods adopted should promote the healthy development of subjects' psychology.
Development principle
The principle of integrating theory with practice
System principle
This problem is consistent.
1. (single choice) According to the research purpose, the research method of changing or controlling certain conditions to cause certain psychological activities of the subjects is).
A. experimental method B. investigation method C. questionnaire method D. observation method
A: A.
2. (Single choice) The basic principles that educational psychology research and other scientific research should follow are).
A. Principle of objectivity B. Principle of systematicness
C. Principles of education D. Principles of development
A: A.
3 (single choice) In order to study children's fear, American psychologist Watson loudly beat gongs and drums when the child stroked the white rabbit. As a result, the child was not only afraid of the white rabbit, but also of other white things.
What principles does this behavior violate in educational psychology research (
A. Objective principle B. Educational principle
C. Principle of integrating theory with practice D. Systematic principle
Answer: b
Personal physical and mental development, psychological development
Psychological development refers to a series of psychological changes in the life process of individuals from birth, maturity, aging to death.
Psychological development stage
Psychologists divide individual psychological development into eight stages:
Infant (0( 1 year) infant (1) 3 years old) infant (preschool) 3(6/7 years old) infant (6/7)112 years old) adolescent (middle school age
The general law of personal psychological development
Basic features:
Continuity and stage, directionality and sequence, imbalance and difference.
critical period
Lorenz, an Austrian ecologist, put forward the concept of "critical period" when he discovered the phenomenon of young bird imprint.
Research shows that:
2 years old is a critical period for oral development. 2~3 years old is the key period for the development of counting ability (mouth number, scoring by things, counting things and total number of words). 2.5~3.5 years old is a critical period for educating children to abide by the code of conduct. About 3 years old is a critical period to cultivate children's ability to live independently. 4~5 years old is an important period for learning written language.
Stage characteristics of psychological development of primary and secondary school students
Childhood, also known as preschool, is the basic period of personal life development, and it is also the period of the most vigorous growth, the fastest change, the strongest plasticity and the best education.
The fourth-grade children (10( 1 1 year old) began to focus on abstract logical thinking from concrete images, but their abstract logical thinking should still focus on concrete images.
Adolescence, also known as middle school, is a semi-mature and semi-naive period.
The intricate contradiction between adolescence independence and dependence, consciousness and naivety is also called "psychological weaning period" or "dangerous period".
During this period, abstract thinking dominated and reflective thinking appeared, but abstract thinking must be supported by concrete images to some extent.
The independence and criticism of thinking are also developing, but there are still many one-sidedness and subjectivity.
Youth is also called the end of school age, which is equivalent to high school. During this period, young people's intelligence is close to maturity, abstract logical thinking has changed from "empirical" to "theoretical", and dialectical thinking has begun to appear.
Factors affecting personal psychological development
Heredity, environment, education, subjective initiative.
This problem is consistent.
There are individual differences in the speed of development, which can be accelerated or delayed, but the development is irreversible and insurmountable.
This is the psychological development of students ().
A. Continuity and phases B. Direction and sequence
C. Imbalance D. Difference
Answer: b
2. (Radio "What is Psychological Weaning Period").
A. Early childhood B. Childhood C. Adolescence D. Youth
Answer: c
3. (single choice) psychological development refers to a series of () that occur in the whole life process of birth, maturity, aging and even death.
A. psychological characteristics B. psychological manifestations C. psychological changes D. psychological phenomena
Answer: c
Five Theoretical Schemas of Psychological Development
In the process of understanding the world around us, people have formed their own unique cognitive structure, which is called painting.
Assimilation, adaptation and balance
Piaget, a Swiss psychologist, believes that human beings balance the body and environment through assimilation and adaptation:
Assimilation is the integration of new stimuli into existing schema or cognitive structure. Adaptation means that when the organism can't accept and explain the new stimulus with the original schema, it can adapt to the influence of the new stimulus by changing the cognitive structure. Balance is the "balance" between assimilation and adaptation.
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development Stages
Piaget divided personal cognitive development into four stages:
Characteristics of (1) (0~2 years old) perceptual motor stage;
The difference between feeling and action
The formation of "object eternity";
The ability to solve problems began to develop.
Delay the occurrence of plagiarism.
(2)2~7 years old) Pre-calculation stage features:
Early signal function;
Egocentricity (centralization);
Irreversible operation
It is impossible to infer the facts.
Animism;
Illogical reasoning
Can't straighten out the relationship between the whole and the part.
Cognitive activities are concrete, and abstract thinking operations cannot be carried out.
(3) Characteristics of (7 ~11year) specific operation stage:
Decentralization (decentralization);
Reversibility;
Save;
Classification;
Serialization.
(4) Features (1 1 age to adulthood) Formal operation stage:
The relationship between propositions
Hypothesis-deductive reasoning
analogism
Abstract logical thinking
Reversible sum compensation
Reflective ability;
Thinking flexibility
The development of formal calculus thinking.
The nearest development zone
In the early 1930s, Vygotsky, a Soviet psychologist, first introduced the concept of "zone of proximal development" into the study of children's psychology.
The zone of proximal development is the difference between the level of children's problem-solving with the help of adults and that of one person, which is actually a transitional state between two adjacent development stages.
Erickson's theory of personality development stages
American psychoanalyst Erickson believes that the development of personality is a gradual process, which must go through eight stages in the same order:
Basic Trust Basic distrust (0( 1.5 years old) sense of autonomy, shame (2(3 years old) sense of autonomy and guilt) 4) 5 years old) sense of diligence and inferiority) 6( 1 1 year old) self-identity role confusion)/kloc-0
This problem is consistent.
1. (single choice) If the child is in the preoperative stage, the age is).
A.0~2 years old B.2~7 years old C.7~ 1 1 years old D. 1 1~ 16 years old.
Answer: b
2. Single choice (According to Eriksson's personality development theory, every stage of children's personality development has a development crisis determined by conflicts and contradictions.
For example, the crisis conflict between 12 and 18 years old is ()).
A. A sense of inferiority, diligence B. A sense of guilt, autonomy
C. Role confusion caused by self-identity D. Shame caused by sense of autonomy
Answer: c
3. (single choice; The author of Recent Development Zone is).
A. Kohlberg Piaget Watson Vygotsky
Answer: d
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