At present, youth social work in China can be roughly divided into three categories; First, developmental social work for teenagers aims to provide social resources and assist their normal development according to their physical, psychological and social development needs; The second is to carry out corrective social work for teenagers who have problems in personal, family and community environments; The third is the preventive social work of teenagers, families, schools and communities.
Second, the main problems found in youth social work
(A) the labeling of problem teenagers
The main content of labeling theory's symbolic interaction theory rooted in Meade is that Meade believes that symbols make human beings have complex communication networks, thus producing history and culture; Individuals and society are formed in the process of interaction, there is no individual and self, and the process of interaction is dynamic and constantly developing. Labeling theory believes that a person being labeled is closely related to the definition or calibration process of him and his behavior by members of society in the surrounding environment. Those children who make mistakes will be labeled as "bad teenagers" by the people around them, and then unconsciously accept the bad evaluation of society, agree with other people's views, confirm that they are bad people, and then be forced to associate with other bad people and carry out worse behaviors, and finally cannot extricate themselves.
(B) One-child education bias
According to statistics, there are about 70 million only children in China. The important problem is that there are two problems in the family education of the only child: the first is the backwardness of educational concept. Although many parents attach great importance to their children's education now, the concept of education is still relatively old. Linking the child's success with his own honor and disgrace, not treating the child as an independent person; The second is the deviation in educational methods. Many parents spoil their children too much, which leads to their laziness, selfishness and arrogance, and these problems will directly cause psychological and behavioral obstacles in the process of socialization of teenagers.
(C) Adolescent behavior deviation problem
Deviation refers to the behavior that people deviate from and violate social norms due to bad social ties, educational methods and dysfunctional family influences in the process of observing social norms. This paper mainly studies general deviant behaviors, that is, behaviors that slightly deviate from social norms, including immoral behaviors and minor illegal behaviors. Some teenagers often regard the chivalrous man as the object of worship and imitation, and they are vague in ethics and can't distinguish civilization from rudeness, thus forming a wrong outlook on life.
Third, the application of advantage perspective theory in youth social work.
(A) Overview of the theory of dominant perspective
Advantage perspective is a basic category in the field of social work, which refers to everything that social workers should do. Emphasis should be placed on discovering, seeking, exploring and utilizing the advantages and resources of the case owner, helping them achieve their goals and dreams, and resisting the control of the mainstream society in the face of setbacks and misfortunes in life. The mainstream view holds that people can change, and everyone has dignity and value and should be respected. Generally speaking, the advantage view is a way of thinking and working that focuses on personal advantages, uses and develops people's potential as a starting point, helps people get rid of setbacks and unfortunate adversity, and finally realizes their goals and ideals.
(B) the application of the dominant perspective theory
1. De-tagging from the perspective of superiority
The dominant view holds that people are born with the ability to change their abilities by using their own natural resources. The advantage perspective focuses on discovering the advantages of the case owner, helping the case owner to understand its advantages, and thus solving the external or potential problems of the case owner. I want to encourage these labeled teenagers to see their personal strengths and strengths, and through a process of redefinition or calibration, let those teenagers who were originally thought to have problems return to normal without being labeled.
2. Help teenagers to have psychological and cognitive counseling.
American psychologist James once said: "The deepest principle of human nature is the desire to be appreciated." Social workers should realize their goals and aspirations through rational analysis, and be good at using the advantage perspective, that is, mobilizing the power of the clients. The practice of advantage perspective means that all social workers have to find, seek, explore and use the advantages and resources of the case owner, help them achieve their goals and dreams, and face the setbacks and misfortunes in life.
3. Solve the problem of adolescent behavior deviation through re-socialization.
Behavioral deviation theory holds that the best way to solve social problems is re-socialization, and the better countermeasure of re-socialization is the redistribution of life opportunities. Such as increasing the connection between individuals and legal behavior patterns, and opening up and creating opportunities for achieving successful social goals. Deviation behavior is not a person's characteristic, but the result of being marked by a certain role, and the person who is successfully marked is the person whose behavior is deviant. We should be able to change from a traditional caseworker to a case manager, find and integrate the resources around the case owner, and effectively use the tools of leading perspective to solve the youth problems.
Four. conclusion
The dominant perspective can be summarized as the process of stimulating people's resilience. It will deeply cultivate people's existing advantages and abilities, stimulate people's potential to the maximum extent, and promote the healthy growth and development of teenagers. Generally speaking, the case owner often lacks the support of himself and the outside world in the predicament. After clarifying the needs of the case owner, social workers can match the theory of the potential development of the case owner from the perspective of advantages and obtain relevant social support, and use the advantages that still exist in the face of difficulties to find an exit for the case owner's predicament.