Then the problem is coming. It is understandable to want children to receive a better education. Then why did you send them away?
What's the difference between domestic education and foreign education?
The 9.2-point Douban documentary "Foreign Childhood" was jointly produced by Youku and Ran Zhi Studio, and Zhou Yijun, an internationally renowned journalist and host, was the explorer of "educational methods". With such questions, she has been to Finland, Japan, India, Israel and Britain.
Finally, I went back to China, felt different education methods from the perspective of parents, and thought deeply about education from the culture and history of different societies.
The envied education is not perfect, and the way of being criticized is not useless.
The first two episodes of the documentary tell the story of two most extreme modes:
Japan where collectivism is supreme, Finland where personal space is the first.
The first article, "Collective Education in Japan Begins from Childhood", shows the characteristics of "attention to detail and pursuit of perfection" in Japanese preschool education to the fullest.
In Children's Home, Osaka, Guo Hua, my mother woke up and said: Xiaohua, good morning, get up, hurry up! Come on! At the same time, my mother opened the curtains and gently comforted the flowers and fruits! )
Guo Hua rubbed his eyes, got up, climbed onto the small bench and began to wash his face, fold clothes and get dressed. ...
Wash your face yourself
Fold your own clothes.
put on clothes
When Guo Hua's mother knits flowers and fruits, she will take out a piece of paper and a pen with colors printed on it. Completely unaffected by her mother's braiding, Guo Hua began to draw and fill things on paper.
When the braid is tied, the flower and fruit will say "ぃただきます!" Before breakfast. (Start moving! )
After breakfast, my mother will come to Lotus Kindergarten with flowers and fruits, which is a traditional kindergarten full of positive energy.
Before entering the school, the teacher will bow to the children and say hello to start the kindergarten day.
Although the children in kindergarten are small, they carry their own things like adults without complaint.
It is worth mentioning that in the past 60 years, this kindergarten has allowed children to exercise topless all year round.
It was not until 2065438+April 2009 that this tradition was terminated under the pressure of public opinion.
Regarding how to make good use of this time in the morning, the director said:
For children's life, the morning time is particularly important, so we should make full use of this time.
Adjust the rhythm of the body, radiate and burn energy, and feel the awakening of life in the body.
This is part of physical education class. Only in this way can they spend the best time of the day.
Although the tradition of topless has been terminated, children can still be seen running barefoot in the garden.
In addition to paying attention to children's physical fitness, this kindergarten also attaches great importance to children's emotional management and the cultivation of discipline.
In terms of emotional management, the director said:
We want children to understand that they are expressing their emotions and consciousness while conveying their loud voice to the front.
This is what we often say, the recognition and expression of emotions can make children have a better personality.
The practice of kendo makes children understand the concept of strict discipline.
What impressed me deeply was that a child hurt his knee while learning sit-down exercises, but he still insisted on doing his best.
This may be the so-called "collectivism first" in Japan-even if you feel a little uncomfortable, you should consider the unity of the collective.
In the second part of the documentary, Fujita Kindergarten, a relatively enlightened kindergarten in Japan, is introduced.
Its freedom begins with its design.
Rattan Kindergarten is famous for its unique circular design, which allows children to enter and leave every classroom freely, and there is no separation in space.
For such a design, the designer said: When we first started designing the rattan kindergarten, my daughter had been drawing circles, and all the children liked to draw circles.
This circle is very close to Zen. The idea of Zen is emptiness, in which you can feel free and do whatever you want.
In ordinary kindergartens, children can't decide the distance between people, but here, because of the open space, children can decide the distance and provide them with freedom of choice.
This kindergarten has many detailed designs for children to experience and feel, and then form a set of self-theory to solve problems and feel emotions.
At the same time, the director will also cultivate children's feelings and feelings of caring and caring for others through some daily details in their lives.
To quote a reporter: the pursuit of perfection means not to cause trouble to others.
For example, slippers should be placed on a sign with footprints.
For example, the door of the kindergarten room will be deliberately "bad" according to the child's strength, so that the child can feel how cold it will be if the door is not closed well in winter. This design is to teach children to "do things thoroughly".
For another example, the sink under the faucet was deliberately cancelled.
Because there is no sink, when children turn on the tap to wash their hands, water will splash out and wet their feet, which will make children consciously realize that they should turn off the tap in time and form a good habit of saving water.
Don't forget to cultivate your child's character even at lunch time.
The director said: the spirit of sharing is to share food first, and then choose what you like to eat, so you need to realize that even what you like needs to be shared.
On the other hand, we should protect our own things, and this concept should be embodied in this way. The situation of equality needs everyone to confirm and protect.
Children can share their own food and learn to protect their own food, so that they can start to have a sense of self-reliance.
Onions, insects and other creatures are placed in front of the school office. This is for children to look first, then touch, then feel, think and finally ask.
At first, they may just pick it up, and some people will take a bite. This is the process they went through.
Some children will peel onions, which is common to adults, but children will study them attentively.
When children see the inside clean and white, you can see it in their eyes. At that moment, they have an epiphany and a confident and satisfied look.
In teaching, Japanese kindergarten children have reading and arithmetic classes, just like China.
But they don't pay attention to the spread of knowledge, but pass on knowledge and experience feelings through chanting, pay more attention to whether the emotional expression of chanting is rich or not, and emphasize "the most appropriate rhythm, rhythm and repetition"
In addition, Japan is now affirming the power of "tears", telling children that "crying" is not a shameful thing, and tears are also a way to release and adjust emotions.
In the documentary, the teacher of tears tells the children the positive role of tears through pictures and videos, and through tears, the effect of bringing people closer to their hearts can be achieved, thus reducing bullying in schools.
Seeing this, you may have understood the difference between Japanese preschool education and China preschool education.
Schools and parents in China pay more attention to the cultivation of children's professional knowledge and ability, while Japanese pay more attention to the cultivation of children's physical health, interpersonal skills, self-reliance, living habits, emotional management and social integration.
Perhaps it is this unique educational concept that has made the Japanese a high-quality society today.
The second documentary "Finland without examination and competition", Finland's educational philosophy is completely opposite to that of Japan, which is also the special feature of this documentary.
Finland, a country with a population of only 5 million, is called the most powerful country in education.
Finns even dare to say that the best school in Finland is the school closest to home. Because the quality of every school is the same.
Children here are very free to go to school, even by our standards.
When Zhou Yijun, the director of the documentary, arrived at the school, he felt that it was not so much a school as a playground. Students get together to play mobile phones, games, board games, and even somersault and dance.
Even in class, some people dress strangely and some people eat openly. The high degree of freedom of students is based on the conscientious work of teachers.
Teacher Rani, who appears in the camera, is responsible for teaching the third grade of primary school. She teaches a course called "time, age, me", which can be interspersed with works of art, mathematics, biology, Finnish and literature ... it takes a long time to prepare for it.
But the teacher is so serious, not for the students' grades. Because the children in grade three don't have any exams, they deliberately avoid any form of competition. What the teacher wants to evaluate is not how much the students have learned, but how well they have learned.
Now the times are advancing rapidly, but the task of Finnish teachers is to slow them down and settle down to study together. Although there are various postures, such as holding a bear, lying on the ground or even standing upside down on the table, the key point is to love reading.
From children, we can see the future of a country; From the way of education, we can see the character of this country.
Freedom of the classroom in Finland is bound to prevent them from following the book. Teachers often take students to classes in the forest, give everyone a color card, and let them go to the forest to find a matching color.
Zhou Yijun said that before she tried, she just thought there were only two colors in the forest:
Green and earthy. Children need to observe everything, even smell, and answer everything. There is no right or wrong. You can say it smells natural, or it smells like apples and rain.
Studying in Finland means returning to life and living environment. Therefore, Finland gives people the impression that it is simple, refuses to be noisy and returns to the original. This is a quiet and impatient society.
While Finnish children are savoring nature, Japanese children are learning to share and protect it.
When kindergarten arranges meals for children, it is often a table for six people, two people bring their own lunch, four people eat school meals, and jelly is provided in the school meals. Children should communicate, share and distribute food with their partners before the official start.
But when the distribution is over, the teachers will use the way of "grabbing" to let the children learn to say "no". Stealing a child's meal and pretending to be pitiful, the child will immediately push away the teacher's hand and loudly refuse.
Because teachers have to teach children, "rejection" is equally important in this era.
Sharing is to make children realize that even things they like sometimes need to be shared. But after sharing, for some important things, such as this one-time lunch, it is up to you to protect it.
If Finnish education pursues peace, then Japanese education pursues strength.
They let each child have his own role, and at the same time guide them to condense into a force.
Finns are reserved and like to keep their own space, even between husband and wife. Finns regard "love" as lofty, and like China people, they don't talk about it easily.
If the husband says "I love you" to his wife before going out, the wife may think that the husband is crazy or has made a big mistake.
This introversion and distance also exist between parents and children.
In the eyes of Finnish parents, parents are not their children's best friends, but people who help their children survive in society, so they need rules and boundaries. This is also a very important part of education.
As mentioned above, Teacher Lani has five children, but she has never fallen behind in her studies.
In order to qualify as a Finnish literature teacher, she studied Chinese for another year and a half after obtaining her degree, and made a research plan for her teaching. Even the books she wants to read are conveniently placed in the kitchen.
For her, learning is a natural thing, not for competition or comparison, but for herself and her students.
Because what she can learn is what she teaches her students. Her teacher taught her like this, and now she teaches her students like this.
Perhaps this is one of the reasons why Finns trust their teachers very much.
In Japan, on the contrary, many mothers are willing to sacrifice themselves for their children. In Japanese culture, mom's cooking is the best. If children's things are bought from shopping malls, they will be looked down upon by others.
In many families in Japan, fathers work to earn money, go out early and return late every day, and rarely spend time with their families. Although the mother is at home, all the housework and children's affairs need her to face and solve alone.
In order to make children understand time better, Teacher Rani took them to a nursing home to visit the elderly. The dialogue between old people and children is the communication between the past and the present.
When the old man and the children were drawing together, Zhou Yijun joined in. She always thought her paintings were poor. But an old man next to her told her that he had never learned to draw, and he was not even good at it, but simply liked it.
When you have a hobby in your life, you will never be lonely or desperate.
Rani also told Zhou Yijun that painting is to express oneself, not to compete, and we don't make any comments. You just need to express your feelings in different ways.
What Finns pursue: lifelong learning. That's the truth.
Anyone who knows Zhou Yijun knows that she has seen big waves.
She used to be a war correspondent in the Middle East. Hearing these words, she collapsed and couldn't help crying. She said, "I was told from an early age that you can't do this and that, and you can't do this and that."
But there is nothing perfect in the world. Japanese education can teach well-behaved children, but it will erase their edges and corners.
Father is worried that in Japanese schools, it will lead to the disappearance of children's personality. Because Japanese society pays attention to groups, we should learn to take care of the feelings of people around us.
But I took care of everyone's feelings and finally felt sorry for myself.
Most people are so depressed that a special profession is born: a tear therapist who teaches people how to cry. It has brought a little sensibility to the collective education that the Japanese have received since childhood.
Some boys have been taught not to cry in front of others since kindergarten. Even the family members cried when they died, because an outsider was told not to cry yet.
The reason why Japanese people don't express their sadness in public is because it will cause burden and trouble to others.
Collectivism education can make the group strong, but its side effects are becoming more and more obvious, such as bullying.
Even Japanese experts say that there are almost no children in Japan who have never experienced bullying. Now many schools have begun to reflect on changes, respect and recognize each child's personality, rather than blindly giving in to the collective.
Finland, which looks enviable, has also been questioned by locals. Some people think that Finland will become a nanny country with too many benefits, rather than a fiercely competitive capital society.
Even the headmaster of the school thinks that the children's life is too easy now, watching TV and playing games have lost Finland's fighting spirit. After the hardships in Finland, he actually hopes to have more competition.
Because it is the past efforts that have created today's happiness.
An interesting scene in the documentary is that Finns mentioned their education, much like Confucius in China: teaching students in accordance with their aptitude,
Those who love it are better than those who know it, and those who enjoy it are better than those who love it.
In the episode about Japan, the kindergarten director quoted a sentence from Mencius at the end of the inscription:
Do it if you don't do it.
Every country has its own method. It is important to change and improve it with the changes of the times and make it more suitable for this era. That's all that matters.
After all, educated children are the real future.
There are no perfect children and no perfect education in the world. Giving the child to yourself is the most important thing.
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