Physics is a subject that studies the most general laws of material movement and the basic structure of material. Physics, as the leading discipline of natural science, studies the most basic motion forms and laws of all substances from the universe to elementary particles, so it has become the research basis of other natural science disciplines.
The field of physics research can be divided into the following four aspects:
1, condensed matter physics-studies the macroscopic properties of matter. These phases contain a large number of components, and the interaction between team members is very strong. The most familiar condensed phases are solids and liquids, which are formed by bonds between atoms and electromagnetic forces.
2. Atomic, molecular and optical physics-the study of the interaction between matter and matter, light and matter within the scope of atomic size or several atomic structures. These three areas are closely related. Because they use similar methods and related energy levels. They all include classical and quantum processing methods; Deal with problems from a micro perspective.
3. High energy/particle physics-particle physics studies the basic components of matter and energy and their interactions; Also known as high energy physics. Because many elementary particles do not exist in nature, they only appear when they collide with other particles in a high-energy particle accelerator.
According to the interaction standard model of elementary particles, there are 12 elementary particle models of known substances (quarks and light particles). They interact through strong, weak and electromagnetic basic forces. The standard model also predicts the existence of the Higgs boson. Looking for it.
4. Astrophysics-Astrophysics and astronomy are physical theories and methods used to study the structure and evolution of stars, the origin of the solar system and related problems of the universe. Because astrophysics covers a wide range. It uses many physical principles. Including mechanics, electromagnetism, statistical mechanics, thermodynamics and quantum mechanics.
193 1 year, Karl discovered the radio signals from celestial bodies. Started radio astronomy. Space exploration has expanded the field of astronomy. The interference of the earth's atmosphere makes the observation space need infrared, ultra-ultraviolet, gamma rays and x-rays. Physical cosmology studies the formation and evolution of the universe on a large scale. Einstein's theory of relativity plays a central role in modern cosmic theory.