The "childbirth map" in Dazu stone carving in Chongqing reflects the birth mode in the Southern Song Dynasty.
The ancient popular "vertical delivery"
It is recorded in the Theory of Stages of Pathogens: "Those who have children must sit up straight and others should support their shoulders and waist."
In people's impressions and modern film and television dramas, pregnant women give birth lying down, that is, lying delivery method. Is this how the ancients gave birth to children? No, pregnant women in ancient times were generally "confinement".
Chao et al. in Sui Dynasty wrote "On the Causes of Diseases" in the book "Women are about to give birth to diseases", which has a very specific description of the * * * adopted by pregnant women at that time: "Women give birth, sit and lie down", that is, there are two postures when giving birth. But in ancient times, pregnant women preferred sitting posture, which means "vertical delivery". In addition to "sitting", standing posture, squatting posture and kneeling posture also belong to vertical delivery. In other words, in ancient times, pregnant women gave birth to children by sitting, standing, kneeling and squatting.
At least two people assist in vertical delivery, and one of them holds the pregnant woman's waist from behind. "Etiology Theory" said: "When you are confined to the moon, you must sit up straight, others hold your waist, and don't lean on it, so that the child can put it down."
Compared with horizontal delivery, vertical delivery has obvious advantages and can greatly reduce dystocia. Rebecca in the Tang Dynasty, the secret of foreign Taiwan? The preface to milk production quotes the recipe of regulating qi in disorder palace, and records that one person, one sister and two women all died in dystocia. Later, his daughter-in-law came to the moon and went to the mountains for expert guidance. According to the opinion of this "expert in obstetrics and gynecology" in the mountain, this person cleaned up a room as a temporary delivery room for his daughter-in-law: "There are three or four pieces of cloth and a wooden scale tied to the rope, so that you can squat down as an armpit and lean on it. You can apply a slow felt under it to avoid falling into the grass and accidentally hurting yourself." When giving birth to a child, she used "standing" to hold the hanging crossbar. Sure enough, the child was born smoothly.
This vertical delivery can be seen in Dazu stone carvings in Chongqing. In the stone carving "Difficult Delivery", a woman stands behind a pregnant woman, and the midwife squatting in front is tying her sleeves to prepare for delivery. This group of stone carvings was unearthed in the Southern Song Dynasty, which is an important material for studying the delivery mode of ancient pregnant women.
In ancient times, pregnant women often took different delivery methods according to the changes of labor process. For example, pregnant women in the Song Dynasty used sitting posture for childbirth, but there were other methods. Yang Kanghou, a medical scientist in the Song Dynasty, said in "Ten Productions": "A child is about to give birth, and a mother is tired. Sitting on a chair and mattress for a long time will help her give birth." At this time, pregnant women should be allowed to take a standing posture: "You must tie a towel to a high place and let the mother climb up with her hands", and then "sit down gently, the mother will relax and the baby will be born".
Vertical delivery is not only the choice of pregnant women in ancient China, but also abroad. For example, there is a relief in the palace of the Pharaoh in ancient Egypt, which depicts the scene of the last queen, Keweibatra, giving birth, and the queen adopts the "kneeling posture" of vertical delivery.
There was also a "caesarean section" in ancient times-
"Historical Records" records: "Lu gave birth to six sons in his life and died after being dissected."
In ancient times with poor medical conditions, giving birth to a child was indeed a very dangerous thing, so the ancients said that giving birth to a child was "the gate of hell." In order to reduce the mortality rate of pregnant women, the ancients made many beneficial explorations on delivery methods, such as "caesarean section", which appeared in China more than 2,000 years ago. The earliest record of caesarean section can be found in Sima Qian's Historical Records? Chu family: "Wu Zhong. Lu gave birth to six children and died. "
Wu Hui gave birth to her son Lu Zhong, and all six sons of Pan Sheng, a married woman in Lu Zhong, were delivered by caesarean section, which is called "caesarean section". Ng Wui and Lu Zhong are ancient mythical figures. Is the historical data of this caesarean section credible? There have been questions throughout the ages. Gan Bao, the author of Search for Ji Shen and a native of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, thinks that Lu Zhong's son was delivered by caesarean section, saying that he is "innocent" and "harmless". There is a poem saying: "Do everything, do everything."
In the Three Kingdoms, not far from Gan Bao's life, there is a case of caesarean section, which proves the existence and feasibility of caesarean section in Gan Bao. According to Records of the Historian Pei, a historian of Liu and Song Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties, this laparotomy took place in the fifth year of Wei Dynasty (AD 224). At that time, the emperor was Cao Pi, and the wife of Qu Yong, a native of Runan, gave birth to a child and "went out into the water from her right arm", which was called "caesarean section". After Wang's caesarean section, she was "as cool as a cucumber. After several months of treatment, the mother and son were safe."
Actually, ... >>
Question 2: Reveal how the ancients gave birth at home, found a midwife and boiled a pot of water. Prepare sorghum stalks and peel them off. The skin is sharp and used to cut the umbilical cord. The reason why scissors are not used is because of poor disinfection conditions and easy to get tetanus. In addition, the family is burning incense and worshipping Buddha, praying for the safety of mother and child. In ancient times, giving birth to a child was a big hurdle for women, because it was impossible to know the fetal position without B-ultrasound, and it was entirely based on the experience of midwives. Sometimes children are horizontal, and often adults and children can't stay.
How did ancient people give birth to children? Find an experienced woman to go home and help deliver the baby. Female elders in their own families or stable women in society who take delivery as their profession are also called midwives. In ancient times, men and women were not close. Although there were male doctors who were good at gynecology at that time, unless the mother and son were in critical condition and their families were more open-minded, male doctors would not be allowed to deliver the baby. Coupled with the underdeveloped medical technology in ancient times, it is impossible to perform caesarean section, so the probability of dystocia death of ancient women is still quite high. Until modern times, there are many examples. For example, Tigress in Camel Xiangzi died in childbirth because her fetus was too large, and Ruijue in Spring and Autumn Annals also died in childbirth. ...
In the legends of famous doctors such as Zhang Zhongjing and Li Shizhen in ancient times, there were stories about seeing coffins sewn and buried, and people were not dead, thus saving two lives. Because ancient people died, they had to stop. Only death in childbirth was considered sudden death, which was not clean (even men were forbidden to enter the delivery room, saying that it was unlucky to get dirty, or the lotus was washed away), and they had to be buried in the coffin immediately. There was no detailed judgment on whether anyone could be saved. I remember a few years ago, an ancient tomb of the Ming and Qing Dynasties was excavated somewhere. The female mummies inside are still struggling upward, and there are dry placenta umbilical cord and newborn mummies in the lower body. This is a typical pregnant woman who was buried alive.
How did ancient people give birth to children? Why do you need a lot of hot water?
Two purposes: hygiene and heat preservation.
The disinfection conditions in ancient times were not good. Midwives must constantly scrub women's blood (the amniotic fluid will break before the baby comes out) and wash their hands constantly. In ancient times, the water was well water or river water, with many bacteria, which made pregnant women susceptible to infection. Hot water is sterilized at high temperature, which reduces the probability of infection. A survey was conducted abroad in 18 and 19 centuries, and it was found that the mortality rate of obstetricians during childbirth was much higher than that of midwives. Later, it was found that obstetricians did not wash their hands after delivery and were infected by bacteria. )
Women will definitely lose blood when giving birth, and they will feel cold when losing blood. Hot water can make women feel more comfortable.
Question 3: How did ancient women have children? The woman who used to deliver takeout food to women was called stable woman. As a special profession, stable women should be formed in the Eastern Han Dynasty. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, being a stable woman was very popular as a profession. Due to the differences in historical period, north-south region and national culture, it has many names such as "hidden woman", "midwife", "midwife" and "old woman".
Delivery technology
1, natural delivery
When pregnant women are in the second month, rich people often set buckets and pots and prepare ginseng, brown sugar, ginger, toilet paper and so on. In particular, we should carefully choose a stable woman and find someone with high skills. When the pregnant woman is in labor, the stable girl asks everyone else to avoid and not to make any noise, so as not to disturb the parturient. With the help of the old woman and the old woman, the stable woman helps to hold the pregnant woman, or lies on her back when the pregnant woman is tired. She made the bed with thick paper and put the pillow on her lap. When the water is surging and the waist and abdomen are sore, the steady woman knows that the baby has left the menstrual cycle, and when she sees the baby's head touching the delivery door, she helps to clean the bucket or lie in bed, shouting for delivery. If the parturient encounters difficulties, the delivery position is reversed, the delivery position is biased, and the delivery position is blocked, it is called "dystocia". A stable woman will kill her mother and son if she doesn't handle it properly. An experienced and steady woman keeps calm in times of crisis, and she knows that the parturient will be very anxious in case of emergency. She lay safely on her back in front of her and warmed her hands with hot water. First, she pushed the baby straight, with the fetal head facing the delivery door, and put her middle finger on her shoulder to avoid binding the umbilical cord. Then, use the soup to urge, and then let the mother work hard, and the child will be born smoothly. Abortion, because the child lives in the mother's belly, does not follow the trajectory of life, hands and feet first, dangerous. A steady woman calmly let the lying-in woman sleep on her back, gently pushing her and waiting for her son to obey.
2, dystocia delivery
If you don't give birth for a long time, a steady woman can enter the delivery door with skilled hands, dial her hand and turn to the delivery door, and then add soup to give birth, which can be answered immediately. Almost a steady woman with bare hands, but she has to deal with the risks of injury, frozen delivery and intestinal delivery with only one pair of hands. In addition, there are various problems such as maternal bone failure, birth gate failure, premature delivery and blood collapse. There are stillbirths, ghosts, moles and so on. This makes ghosts and gods not side.
3. Umbilical cord rupture
After delivery, when cutting the umbilical cord of the baby, a short section should be reserved, tied tightly with fine twine, carefully folded and tied, and wrapped with soft cotton cloth, so as not to get wet, so as not to cause "umbilical wind". After three to five days, the remaining umbilical cord will naturally fall off after dehydration, forming a slightly concave umbilical eye. Steady women are most willing to settle down when they "cross the umbilical cord". In winter, she is afraid that the scissors are too cold and the air conditioner is too big to invade. She often bites the umbilical cord with her teeth, wraps it in cotton cloth, and slowly burns it with sesame paper.
I hope I can help you!
Question 4: How did the ancients have children at home? Find a midwife and boil a large pot of water. Prepare sorghum stalks and peel them off. The skin is sharp and used to cut the umbilical cord. The reason why scissors are not used is because of poor disinfection conditions and easy to get tetanus. In addition, the family is burning incense and worshipping Buddha, praying for the safety of mother and child. In ancient times, giving birth to a child was a big hurdle for women, because it was impossible to know the fetal position without B-ultrasound, and it was entirely based on the experience of midwives. Sometimes children are horizontal, and often adults and children can't stay.
Question 5: How did ancient people naturally give birth to their own children?
Waiting for caesarean section
Question 6: In ancient times, how to have a baby at home at 55 minutes? Find a midwife and boil a large pot of water. Prepare sorghum stalks and peel them off. The skin is sharp and used to cut the umbilical cord. The reason why scissors are not used is because of poor disinfection conditions and easy to get tetanus. In addition, the family is burning incense and worshipping Buddha, praying for the safety of mother and child. In ancient times, giving birth to a child was a big hurdle for women, because it was impossible to know the fetal position without B-ultrasound, and it was entirely based on the experience of midwives. Sometimes children are horizontal, and often adults and children can't stay.
Question 7: How did China give birth to children in ancient times? In ancient times, human beings gave birth to children, which was the reproduction of future generations. Children should be similar to the most human-like apes at present. After all, society is ancient. With the development of civilization, midwives or midwives have become very professional. Thank you.
Question 8: In ancient times, how to deliver a baby was to find a midwife. The midwife belongs to a woman with three aunts and six grandmothers, also called "stable woman".
In ancient times, midwives used candles, scissors and hot water to deliver babies. Disinfect the scissors with candles, cut the umbilical cord between the child and the mother with scissors, and wash it with hot water.
The origin of "three aunts and six grandmothers" can be traced back to the Ming Dynasty. There was a scholar named Tao in the Ming Dynasty. In his notes, he recorded the identities of three aunts and six grandmothers. Li Ruzhen in the Qing Dynasty also wrote in his novel "The Edge of a Mirror Flower": "I heard that there are three aunts and six grandmothers in your land. Once recruited, women who are ignorant often suffer from it, or cheat money or kidnap clothes. This is the original intention of three aunts and six grandmothers.
Six old women refer to:
Yapo: A trafficker who specializes in human trafficking, buying and selling handmaids and concubines.
Matchmaker: A woman who introduces in-laws.
Wife: She is a witch who specializes in painting and casting spells. She asks God for her life.
Qianpo: The pimp in a brothel.
Medicine girl: a woman who specializes in selling medicine.
Wen Wei Po: It is a midwife who specializes in delivering babies. If a female corpse is found, Wen Wei Po will also be responsible for checking whether it is raped first and then killed.
Six women are the names of various occupations, and sometimes a person can wear several hats.