Review on the Development of Nursing Education in China
General situation of nursing education before the founding of the People's Republic of China
In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, many western missionaries came to China to set up clinics and hospitals, run various training courses for nurses and train nursing staff. Missionary hospitals in major cities have set up nursing schools one after another, and the early nursing education system in China has begun to take shape. China has increasingly realized the important role of nursing education in health work, and paid more and more attention to nursing education. In the early 1920s, China began to offer undergraduate nursing education, which lasted for four to five years, and those who graduated in five years could get a bachelor's degree.
The rise and fall of secondary nursing education after the founding of the People's Republic of China
1952 The higher nursing specialty of the former Union Medical College Hospital was closed. At the same time, China began to set up secondary nursing education and developed rapidly, and nursing schools were widely set up all over the country and kept growing. For example, in Beijing, during the Great Leap Forward, the number of nursing schools (including health schools offering nursing specialties) further increased to more than 20, with more than 3,000 students. During the Cultural Revolution, due to political turmoil, China's newly stabilized secondary nursing education system was destroyed: a large number of teachers in nursing schools across the country lost, teaching equipment was seriously damaged, and nursing education was even interrupted for a time. This has caused a serious shortage of nurses in China, and nurses in various medical institutions have stopped working, so the quality of nursing teaching in China cannot be guaranteed at all. After the Cultural Revolution, people saw the impact of the destruction of nursing education during the Cultural Revolution on domestic medical and health undertakings, and more deeply realized the pivotal role played by nursing education.
Therefore, China began to devote itself to restoring secondary nursing education, and vigorously adjusted and reformed the secondary nursing education system, and the secondary nursing education in China entered an orderly development stage.
Vigorously develop higher nursing education and promote reform
With people's more comprehensive and profound understanding of nursing work, China's nursing construction is facing new requirements: people increasingly feel the urgency of restoring higher nursing education. The Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Health held a joint meeting in 1984 and decided to resume undergraduate education in nursing universities. In the next twenty years, China has been committed to the development of higher nursing education, and the scale and quality of undergraduate nursing education have been improved year by year. Higher nursing education schools expanded from 65438+ 12 after 0985 to more than 80 in 2000.
Generally speaking, China's higher nursing education is still in the primary development stage, and there is still a big gap compared with the international advanced nursing level. Coupled with the deepening of modern health concept and the continuous extension of nurses' functions, it is required that nursing and nursing education must keep up with the international development trend and social needs, and must be reformed and improved in line with the development of clinical medical care. Since 1990s, China has started to reform nursing education, and has been pushing it forward, actively exploring "a nursing education model suitable for the national conditions", vigorously developing higher nursing education and gradually reducing secondary nursing education.
Development Trend of Nursing Education in China
Renew the concept of nursing education and change the thinking of nursing education
The change of nursing education concept is the key to cultivate senior nursing talents who meet the needs of our society. The factors influencing the change of nursing education concept in China are:
(1) The nursing discipline has made great progress, and the clinical nursing work has also made continuous progress in exploration.
(2) After China joined the WTO in 20065438+0, more and more nursing talents began to go abroad, and the international nursing market also put forward new demands for nursing talents in China.
(3) The medical model has changed into a physiological-psychological-social model and new skill requirements.
(4) With the automation, informationization and high speed of medical science and technology, new skills are required for nurses. These factors urge us to further see the development opportunities and challenges faced by nursing education in China, update the concept of nursing education and change the educational thought. Strengthen the cultivation of social, humanistic knowledge and professional thoughts of nursing students, gradually change the traditional nursing education concept of imparting professional knowledge, and actively learn from foreign advanced education and practical experience.
On the basis of the above factors, China's nursing education can smoothly adapt to the new needs of the society for the training of nursing staff. Nurses are not limited to the disease care of inpatients, but also responsible for disease care consultation, health education, family visits, community group health care and so on. For patients, their families and the public; At the same time, the change of the concept of nursing education will enable us to better meet the opportunities and challenges brought by the internationalization trend to our nursing education, and let our nursing education get more opportunities to show on the international stage.
Comprehensively promote higher nursing education.
Since China resumed undergraduate nursing education in the mid-1980s, higher nursing education has developed vigorously in China for more than 20 years and made great progress. However, China's higher nursing education was closed for many years, which caused the lack of high-level nursing teachers and academic and scientific research leaders in China, making it difficult to carry out international academic exchanges. These problems we are facing urgently need to promote higher nursing education and train a new generation of high-quality nursing science and technology workers.