Many students in Pingxiang Experimental School in Jiangxi Province developed vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain, and these students were taken to hospital for treatment. According to parents' feedback, students who are unwell often have symptoms such as headache, dizziness, nausea and retching. A high school student said that he was awakened by the pain when he slept at night, and he couldn't remember what he ate. ?
After the incident, Pingxiang Experimental School blocked the canteen and waited for further investigation by relevant departments. Fortunately, these students have no serious cases and deaths, and most of them are mild cases. According to the relevant investigation work, combined with the clinical symptom analysis and epidemiological investigation results, it was preliminarily judged as norovirus infection.
1. Norovirus, also known as Norovirus, is a virus of Norovirus in the human calicivirus family. A group of virus particles with similar morphology but slightly different antigenicity. Norovirus is the most common pathogen of acute gastroenteritis. Its genes are diverse and highly variable, and mutant strains will appear every few years, and people can be infected many times in their lives. Norovirus infection usually manifests itself as a self-limited disease (that is, it can automatically stop and gradually recover after the disease develops to a certain extent), and the prognosis is good. Norovirus-infected diarrhea is a legal Class C infectious disease.
Norovirus is highly contagious, and improper prevention will often cause large-scale population infection. Norovirus mutates quickly and adapts well to the environment. However, the incubation period is short, the main symptoms are mild and the severity is less. However, the prevention of this virus cannot be taken lightly.
Second, why is norovirus high in winter?
First look at the characteristics of influenza virus. In fact, the external resistance to influenza virus is relatively weak, and it has a very important physical characteristic: cold resistance and heat resistance. Please look at the following set of data: the influenza virus died after being treated at 56℃ for 30 minutes, and quickly lost its infectivity at room temperature. It can survive for several weeks at 0~4℃ and for a long time below -70℃.
The cold and heat tolerance of influenza virus determines that it has stronger survival ability in the external environment in winter and is more likely to cause infection in people.
Third, preventive measures According to the current level of scientific research, Norovirus has no specific medicine, and most of the preventive measures taken now are physical prevention.
1. Strengthen management: If Norovirus-infected people are found during the actual investigation, take home isolation measures for those with mild symptoms; Those with severe symptoms should be observed medically and treated with drugs if necessary. If norovirus is found in food, food producers should be inspected and investigated to reduce the risk of transmission.
2. Pay attention to hygiene: Maintaining good hygiene habits is an effective means to prevent norovirus. Wash your hands frequently and ventilate frequently. Wash hands with soap or hand sanitizer for at least 20 seconds. Food production units should strengthen the awareness of relevant personnel to wash their hands frequently, and should be equipped with adequate cleaning facilities, such as soap, hand sanitizer, wash basin and other cleaning appliances. Individuals should also pay more attention to hygiene in the process of life, wash their hands before going home and go to the toilet to wash their hands.
3. Take disinfection measures: establish disinfection and cleaning mechanisms in schools, nursing homes, hospitals and collective units, and often carry out daily disinfection work, and use chlorine-containing disinfectants for disinfection. If a sudden health accident of norovirus occurs, it is necessary to do a good job of disinfection, and timely disinfect the articles, excreta, tableware and daily necessities used by patients. For example, the patient's vomit contains a large number of pathogenic bacteria, and timely disinfection is conducive to reducing the source of virus transmission.
4. Strengthen food safety management: implement a health management system for food producers, conduct health checks every six months, and engage in production work only with health certificates. Disinfect tableware and public facilities used in collective canteens frequently to keep the environment clean and ensure the safety of the people. In the process of food production or processing, cross-contamination between raw food and cooked food should be avoided.
5. Strengthen drinking water management: Never drink polluted water sources. Drinking water should be disinfected and the bacterial content should be within the standard control range before it can be sold for drinking. Collective units strengthen water quality supervision and prohibit drinking drinking water without strict disinfection. In rural areas, it is necessary to strengthen the management of human and animal feces and individual feces to avoid polluting water sources.
6. Risk assessment: Relevant disease control institutions should make an assessment according to the scale and scope of the epidemic, take reasonable control measures and prevention and control measures according to the assessment results, and give reasonable prevention suggestions according to the research results.
7. Strengthen health promotion: relevant departments should publicize the dangers of norovirus and preventive measures to the public, so that people can understand the degree of harm of the virus and raise their safety awareness. Help people develop healthy living habits such as washing hands frequently, not drinking raw water, separating raw and cooked food, and avoiding cross-contamination.