Keywords: management knowledge; Education and teaching activities;
Management has the meanings of "jurisdiction", "handling", "manager" and "director", that is, arranging and handling people and things within a certain range. However, this explanation does not strictly express the complete meaning of management itself. The definition that can comprehensively summarize the connotation and extension of the concept of "management" is: management refers to the activity process in which managers in an organization coordinate other people's activities by implementing the functions of planning, organization, staffing, guidance and leadership, control and innovation, so that others can jointly achieve the set goals with themselves. Management is a comprehensive, practical and artistic discipline. For college students, quite a few theories in the course are abstract and difficult to understand, which easily makes students lose interest in learning and leads to poor teaching effect. In practice, the author combines his many years of management teaching experience, uses management knowledge to guide education and teaching, and has achieved good teaching results.
First, the application of goal theory, set teaching goals
Management by objectives theory is a goal incentive scheme put forward by peter drucker, a modern management master, according to the goal setting theory in the goal theory. Management by objectives emphasizes the participation of organizations in formulating specific, feasible and objectively measurable goals. In his view, only by transforming tasks into concrete and acceptable goals can we generate incentives and effectively mobilize people's enthusiasm. According to this theory, the author puts forward the following four requirements for students to learn management well in teaching.
The first is to establish a scientific management concept. Specifically, it includes: what is the purpose of management; What is the core requirement of humanistic management? How to activate the vitality of employees and achieve a win-win situation with enterprises; How to understand the classic ideas in management, such as "choosing the right person", "doing the right thing" and "doing the right thing"?
Second, we should master some basic management terms. Many students still have a little knowledge of the basic concepts of management after studying management courses, even when answering questions. The basic terms of management include decision-making, planning, management by objectives, vision, organization, leadership, teamwork, communication, motivation, control, organizational culture, core values, innovation, corporate social responsibility and so on. Students are required to deeply understand the meaning of these basic concepts.
The third is to understand the relationship between various management functions. After completing the management course, students should understand the relationship between planning, organization, leadership and control. These relationships include primary influence, secondary influence, promotion, feedback, causality and so on. What is the transmission mechanism of these relationships? If there is a problem with one function, what changes and adjustments should be made to other functions accordingly?
Fourthly, students should be trained to analyze and solve problems in their study and life by using the principles and methods of management, so as to improve their management quality. For example, students can use management knowledge to solve problems in class management, community management and mutual communication.
Second, the application of management planning functions to guide student activities
"Everything is established in advance, and if it is not planned, it will be abolished." The planning function in a broad sense refers to the whole process of managers making plans, implementing plans and checking the implementation of plans; In a narrow sense, the planning function refers to the planning and arrangement made by managers in advance for future actions. The importance of planning function is mainly reflected in the following four aspects: 1) planning is the basis for implementing management activities; 2) Planning can enhance the predictability of management, avoid risks and reduce losses; 3) Planning is conducive to unifying employees' thoughts and actions under clear goals; 4) Planning is conducive to rational allocation of resources, improving efficiency and achieving the best economic benefits. The program of planning function is shown in figure 1
Harold koontz believes that planning is a bridge, which can connect the other shore where we are and the other shore where we will overcome this natural barrier. Through careful planning, what may not happen may become a reality; So that things that may get worse can change for the better. As soon as freshmen enter the new environment of university, their learning content, learning style, lifestyle and extracurricular activities are different from those of middle schools, and they need detailed plans to achieve tangible results. For example, to carry out college students' club activities requires careful planning. Teachers should teach students to use the method of planning, so that they can achieve their goals step by step. To this end, we must solve the following four problems: first, we must clarify the purpose of the association. If your classmates don't know what you want to do, not many people will want to join your club. The second is to clarify what the community should do. This is a question about organizational vision in management. Third, we should be clear about the main ways to achieve community goals. This problem involves the strategic issue of the plan and needs a comprehensive analysis of the internal and external environment. Fourth, the plan should be flexible to cope with possible changes. Such as the withdrawal of key figures, discord among members, the decline of the influence of the association and the lack of funds for activities. According to the principles of planning constraints, commitment, flexibility and channel changes, the plan should be adjusted in a timely and flexible manner to ensure the richness and variety of social closure work.
Third, apply communication theory to improve the relationship with parents and classmates.
Communication refers to information exchange, that is, the process of transmitting some information to an object or object in order to obtain the corresponding response of the object or object. Because people have different knowledge, experience, occupation and political views, they may have different views and different understandings of the same information. Communication is a basic professional skill, and the main reason for interpersonal conflicts and contradictions is that communication is not enough or timely. If there is no communication, the organization will be disordered and its operation will fail. Mastering communication skills will enable you to meet people everywhere and always have resources. Being good at communication can help you build good interpersonal relationships, gain more opportunities and resources, reduce the probability of making mistakes, shorten the time of groping, and gain more people's support, help and recognition. Building a good interpersonal relationship is not for you to curry favor with others and be an unprincipled person. In fact, whether it is communication, negotiation or persuasion, the only thing to be achieved is the "agreement" between the two sides. The so-called "consistency" means that both sides can enter a common channel or frequency physically and psychologically, so as to achieve the consistency of views, ways of thinking and behavior patterns. Psychological counselors believe that attitude is very important in communication. When communicating with others, everyone should understand that there is nothing exactly the same between people, respect each other's personality and don't impose their ideas on others. If you want to communicate smoothly, you must first really understand each other and see what he needs. Therefore, communication is an interactive and mutually beneficial process, and you will respond only if you pay first. A lesbian said that when she was in junior high school, her mother often read The Art of War. She was very angry and thought that her mother wanted to use Sun Tzu's art of war against herself.
Since then, the relationship with my mother has been stiff. After communicating with her mother for a period of time, she found that her mother often heard stories from Sun Tzu's Art of War before reading this book. She regretted it and took the initiative to apologize to her mother, which fundamentally changed the relationship between mother and daughter. Another classmate said that he and his best classmate had been at odds for a long time because of a little thing. After active communication, it has been reconciled. After learning management knowledge, students generally think that the communication function of management has benefited them a lot.
Fourthly, apply the theory of organizational culture to improve students' understanding of campus cultural functions.
Organizational culture embodies organizational values, behaviors and spiritual phenomena. Organizational culture includes both written rules and regulations and unwritten ethics and habits. It includes not only the behavior norms outside the organization, but also the thinking characteristics, moral tendencies and values inside the organization. Organizational culture is difficult for many students to master and understand. In the learning process, teachers should not only introduce the core values of well-known enterprises to students, but also carry out rich campus cultural activities to make students have a deeper understanding of the function and construction of organizational culture. Campus culture is a kind of group culture, which is conducive to cultivating good school spirit, study style and teaching style. At first, most students were confused and didn't know where to start. When the author introduced some examples of cultural construction in schools to them and asked them to design campus cultural activities according to the characteristics of students majoring in economics and management in normal universities, the students put forward many ideas and designed various types of campus cultural activities, such as literary clubs, poetry lovers' groups, painting and calligraphy clubs, dance clubs, salons, various sports interest groups, bands, choirs, academic lectures and so on. Some students also designed activity plans. Through these activities, students have a clear understanding of organizational culture and realize the importance of core values to an organization. Some students also put forward their own suggestions on the construction of core values in their classes.
Fifth, apply the theory of team management to promote the construction of harmonious classes.
A team is a formal group of individuals who cooperate with each other to achieve a certain goal. Building a good team requires team spirit, such as unity and mutual assistance, tolerance and cooperation, and overall awareness. According to Kannikin's law, one of the key points of team building is to make up the shortcomings. First of all, we must clarify a concept here: short board not only refers to the people in the team, but also includes the core competence that the team lacks. If the team wants to be strong, there are two ways: first, understand Matthew effect, foster strengths and avoid weaknesses, that is, give play to "dynamic comparative advantage"; The second is to find the shortcomings that hinder the development of the team, and then make up the shortcomings and catch up. In this part of the teaching, the author uses the theory of team management to promote the construction of harmonious classes. A class is a typical team. The students in one class come from different cities and counties, and some come from other provinces. Due to different cultural environment and family background, as well as different personal experiences and beliefs, if students have a strong sense of collective honor, they may be able to establish a harmonious group of unity and friendship in a short time. On the contrary, it will be like a loose sand, which will lead to an unhealthy style of study and affect the quality of four-year college life. The specific ways to promote the construction of harmonious classes are: 1) establish the concept of team. In getting along, we are required to understand more, misunderstand less, trust more and suspect less. 2) Introduce cooperation mechanism. In specific activities, class members should participate, plan and contribute their wisdom with Qi Xin. 3) Determine different goals at each stage of each semester, and choose "capable people" to lead for different activities. 4) The head teacher and the class committee should do things fairly, justly and openly, pay attention to listening to students' opinions and respect students' personality. The above practices have achieved remarkable results. For example, in the freshman broadcast gymnastics competition, the experimental class achieved excellent results.
In addition, other theories in management can also be applied to the management of students' study, life and collective activities. For example, the theory of morality and corporate social responsibility can enable students to establish a clear awareness of environmental protection, charity and helping others during their college years; The theory of human resource recruitment and dismissal is very inspiring and touching for students to master professional skills and broaden their professional horizons. The need hierarchy theory, achievement need theory and fairness theory in incentive theory have positive guiding significance for helping student cadres to do a good job in management; The theory of management innovation requires students to seriously understand the theoretical and artistic nature of management, practice more and experience more, and become managers who keep pace with the times. Most importantly, teachers can apply them to their own education and teaching practice. In addition, teachers can also let students write small papers, learn experience, or make a design, so that students can master the basic theory of management through intensive training.