In fact, GIS has been widely used in land, meteorology, minerals, agriculture, forestry, municipal administration and other professional fields since the initial development of map drawing, in order to deal with and analyze the business problems faced by various industries and assist decision-making.
What can GIS do?
Take batch application as an example. GIS was first used to collect geographic information. Most human activities are related to geographical location, such as looking for a restaurant to eat with friends, looking for a cinema to watch movies on weekends, going to a strange city on business and looking for a hotel ... all these involve geographical information.
Since the development of GIS, IT has been following the pace of IT related technologies, from independent desktop tools to Internet Web online applications, and then to mobile and portable applications. Driven by various application requirements, from simple mapping to two-dimensional GIS application, from 2.5D to 3D progress, and even the breakthrough of true three-dimensional space. Geographic information system has developed rapidly and changed a lot in just a few decades. The application of GIS has penetrated into all walks of life, and gradually expanded the breadth and depth of application from horizontal and vertical respectively, becoming the backbone of building a smart city and a smart earth.
17 Common open source GIS platforms and software
Thanks to the development of the Internet, WebGIS has developed rapidly, and the development tools and platforms are also showing a trend of blooming.
More people began to pay attention to the application of WebGIS. Many developers have joined the GISer army, which has spawned many open source GIS projects and promoted the popularization of WebGIS. Share 17 common open source GIS platforms and software here. How many have you used?
1、uDig
UDig is an open source desktop application framework (see figure) and a desktop GIS based on Eclipse RCP and GeoTools (an open source Java g is toolkit). UDig, as an open source desktop GIS software, can edit and view map files in shp format based on Java and Eclipse platforms. Is an open source spatial data viewer and editor, with special enhancements to OpenGIS standard, WebGIS, network map server and network function server.
2、QGIS
QGIS is a user-friendly desktop geographic information system, which can run on platforms such as Linux, UNIX, Mac OSX and Windows. QGIS is an open source desktop geographic information system based on Qt (cross-platform graphical tool package) and developed in C++ language. It has a friendly user interface and is cross-platform, as shown in the figure.
3. Geographic server
GeoServer is a J2EE implementation of OpenGIS Web server specification. Through GeoServer, map data can be published conveniently, and users can update, delete and insert data. Through GeoServer, geographic information can be easily and quickly shared among users. GeoServer is a community open source project, and you can download relevant materials directly through the community website, as shown in the figure.
GeoServer supports OGC standard services, databases such as PostgreSQL and MySQL, and middleware and file resources such as ArcSDE and ShapeFile. It can output network maps as JPEG, PNG, KML and other pictures and data grids, run on any container based on J2EE/Servlet, and support various client frameworks, such as Openlayers.
4、MapServer
MapServer is an open source WebGIS project developed by the University of Minnesota in the 1990s using C language. MapServer is a real-time map publishing system based on the mode of thick server/thin client. When the client sends a data request, the server processes the spatial data in real time. When the generated data is sent to the client MapServer, the core part is the map operation module written in C language, and many of its functions depend on some open source or free libraries. MapServer follows OGC series specifications, can integrate PostgreSQL and PostgreSQL, store and query geospatial data, and support other client APIs to realize the transmission and expression of geospatial data.
5. Open layer
OpenLayers is a JavaScript class library package specially provided for WebGIS client development, which is used to realize network access of map data. Its method of accessing geospatial data conforms to industry standards and supports various public and private data standards and resources. OpenLayers was developed by pure object-oriented JavaScript, and borrowed some components of Prototype framework and Rico library.
OpenLayers is an open source project, which aims to provide powerful map display functions for Internet clients, including map data display and related operations, and has a flexible expansion mechanism. At present, OpenLayers has become a mature and popular framework with many developers and help communities.
At present, OpenLayers2 has been upgraded to OpenLayers3, and related resources can be downloaded from official website, as shown in the figure.
6. Open scale
OpenScales is an excellent foreground map framework based on Flex, which can be used to develop various online, mobile and desktop map programs. OpenScales is written based on ActionScript3 and Flex, and can support various standard map services, such as WMS, WFS, WMTS, OSM, etc. It is an open source and free client development framework based on LGPL open source protocol. It runs in FlashPlayer, can be used in various browsers, and has good cross-platform characteristics.
As an open source GIS client framework, OpenScales has great application potential and can download related resources from official website. OpenScales can be regarded as ActionScript translation of OpenLayers, and learning OpenScales can refer to the official tutorial of OpenLayers. In contrast, although OpenLayers' tutorial is also in English, it is very detailed and provides far more examples than OpenScales' official tutorial.
7、gvSIG
GvSIG is also a cross-platform desktop G is software, which became an open source GIS software in Spain in 2004. The stable version is 2.0.
The system is suitable for Windows, Linux and OS X operating systems. You can access not only local vector data or raster data, but also remote servers that support OGC specifications.
It supports a series of geographic information network service specifications such as network map service (WMS), network element service (WFS), network coverage service (WCS), directory service and place name dictionary service, which is a big difference between gvSIG and other geographic information systems. In addition, it can access remote data provided by ESRI ArcIMS service.
GvSIG CAD can track geometric figures, and then edit vertex division lines and polygons; GvSIG mobile brings the application of mobile phone GIS, which is suitable for field work. GvSIG can support the following data formats: vector format (Shapefile, DXF, DGN, DWG), raster format (ECW, MrSID, JPEG, jp2, TIFF, geoTIFF, PNG, GIF) and XML-based format (KML, GML).
8. white box GAT
Whitebox GAT is the desktop GIS software of geospatial analysis toolbox. It mainly integrates desktop GIS and remote sensing software package for geospatial analysis and data visualization applications. It is regarded as a substitute for Terrain Analysis System (TAS), aiming at providing advanced geospatial data analysis, applying it to environmental research and geographic information industry, and serving as a tool for geographic information education. In fact, it replaces the tool of terrain analysis system-hydrogeology application program.
Through lidar data, we can transform, analyze, manage, buffer and extract geospatial information. This magical free GIS software is almost unheard of in GIS industry.
9. Saga Geographic Information System
A classic GIS software for automatic analysis of free systems. It mainly carries out terrain analysis, watershed extraction and visibility analysis, especially terrain analysis is its most domineering application; It can also be used for environmental modeling and morphological measurement, such as topographic humidity index and topographic location classification. SAGA and special application programming interface (API) for geographic data processing. This API can easily implement a new algorithm. Its API supports grid data, vector data and table merging.
SAGA GIS is also powerful in that it can list all your analyses (maps, histograms, scattergrams, attributes, etc.) in multiple windows. ) and provide friendly GUI and API. In a word, its charm lies in its rapidity, reliability and accuracy.
10, grass GIS
Grass GIS (Geographic Resources Analysis Support System) is an open source code geographic resources analysis support system, which can be used to process raster, topological vector, image and chart data. The advantages especially lie in selection analysis, image processing, digital terrain operation and statistical data.
Grass was first used as a tool for land management and environmental planning by the US Army Corps of Engineers. It is published in GPL and can run on many platforms, including Mac OS X, Windows and Linux. Users can use software functions through the graphical user interface; It can also be used directly by improving the module. The current version of GRASS6 adopts a new topological 2D/3D vector engine and supports vector network analysis. The system is competent for the visualization of 3D vector graphics data and entity pixels, and supports linear reference frame.
GRASS is one of the first eight software projects of the Open Source Geospatial Foundation. Because of its intuition and reliability, it has been widely used in different fields (academia, environmental consulting companies and government agencies), such as NASA, NOAA, USDA and USGS.
1 1, map window
MapWindow is a standard-based desktop GIS software, and 90% of users pay attention to its map viewer, identification features, processing tools and printing.
The MapWindow GIS project includes a desktop application compatible with Microsoft Windows, which can view shapefile and various raster data formats. It can regenerate data, edit, merge and perform other processing through the GIS Tools plug-in. Development users can use any. NET framework language to expand this application, or use MapWinGUS ActiveX to control the programming of GIS software. Its TauDEM function is to describe the watershed automatically.
12、ILWIS
ILWIS is an open source GIS software for comprehensive information management of land and water resources. It is widely used by biologists, water resource managers and geospatial managers. ILWIS is good at digitizing, editing, displaying geographic data and generating maps; It is also used for remote sensing image classification, enhancement and spectral band operation.
ILWIS was originally used by researchers and students in the Netherlands. Since July 1 2007, it has been used by many students, teachers and researchers as a free software combining integrated vector and raster software programs. ILWIS has a very powerful raster analysis module, a high-precision and flexible vector and point digitization module, and a set of very practical tools. ILWIS is similar to GRASS GIS in many aspects and can only be used under Microsoft Windows at present.
13、GeoDa
GeoDa is a cross-platform open source version, which is mainly used for spatial data analysis. Its main functions are geological statistics and spatial modeling. Open source GeoDa can run on Windows (including XP, Vista and 7), Mac OS and Linux. It is an important analytical tool for Harvard University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Cornell University.
GeoDa has powerful functions to perform spatial analysis, multivariate exploratory data analysis and global and local spatial data. It also realizes the basic linear regression and spatial model, and can also be used in a series of fields such as economic development, health and real estate.
14, open the jump
OpenJUMP can handle large data sets well and present a large number of data graphs (such as pie charts and isoline charts). A computer program based on JAVA platform that can read the grid and visualization framework. It can work on Windows, Linux and Mac platforms, especially on the operating system running Java 1.5 or higher.
The plug-ins of OpenJUMP enhance its functions, including editing (drawing and geometry), raster, printing, web processing, spatial analysis, GPS, attribute query, SVG format image output, database and other applications. It is not only a free demo browser, but also can be edited, saved and analyzed. It provides a flexible plug-in structure for the API of geographic information system, and can easily realize new functions.
15, Tianhou GIS
DIVA GIS is a GIS software for cartography and geographic data analysis. It specializes in data analysis of biological richness and diversity; It can extract all the location data of climate and land for statistical analysis and modeling; In addition, it can locate national boundaries, rivers and satellite images, and observe the location of animal species, thus providing a small-scale map for biological research.
16, Eagle View
FalconView mainly has the function of Portable Flight Planning Software (PFPS), which makes it suitable for operational flight planning, so most of its users come from the US Department of Defense and other national geospatial intelligence agencies. It supports various types of display data, such as satellite, lidar, frequency and MrSID. In SkyView mode, you can even use MXD files.
You can consult all kinds of maps and geographic information, and the most important ones are nautical charts, satellite maps and elevation maps. At present, users are mainly military mission executors, pilots and aviation technical support personnel. XPlan, currently a part of FalconView, is mainly used in the mission planning system of the US Department of Defense and the planning activities supporting scheme of Georgia Institute of Technology. Can be used in Windows series operating systems; Linux and mobile operating system versions are under development.
17, orbisgis
OrbisGIS is a semi-finished open source GIS software. It provides a new method and technology for modeling, and can process and share spatial data, thus facilitating the monitoring and management of geographical layout. OrbisGIS can handle vector and raster data models. In the implementation of positioning applications, such as noise mapping and hydrological processes, it can be implemented without any plug-ins, but only for a time limit.
It can use a systematic method to evaluate the public policy of the correlation between ecology and environmental sustainable development. However, this practice must take into account the relevant environmental, social and economic factors to promote its effective decision-making and planning. As an inclusion analysis tool, it can calculate various indicators and generate comprehensive modeling on different time and space scales. All these will make OrbisGIS an indispensable tool.
Although the open source GIS platform provides more possibilities for secondary development and brings convenience to GISer, it can only meet some webGIS development needs and cannot cope with more public-oriented Internet applications. Therefore, colleagues who study the open source GIS platform should also be familiar with the professional GIS platform and learn from each other.