Educational purpose is an important knowledge point in pedagogy, and the value orientation of educational purpose is often investigated in the form of objective questions in exams. We need to accurately grasp the core viewpoints of each theory and be familiar with some common representatives.

First, the religious standard theory.

1. Basic point of view: the religious standard theory advocates that under the influence of religion, people should convert to God as their ideal of life and cultivate people into devout religious people.

2. Representative figures: Augustine, Thomas Aquinas, etc.

3. Preparation guidance: This teleology of education emphasizes the role of education in people's spiritual world. People believe that education can not only purify people's minds, but also awaken people's conscience. When you are doing the problem, you will encounter words and discourses about religion, God, soul, God and so on, which can be related to the viewpoint of religious standard.

Second, the theory of social standard.

1. Basic viewpoint: pay attention to the social value of education from the needs of social development; Advocate that the purpose of education is to cultivate qualified citizens and social members; Education is a national undertaking; The evaluation of education depends on the indicators of its contribution to social development.

2. Representative figures: Herbart, Plato, Comte, Durkheim, Spencer, Kerschensteiner, Baglai, etc.

3. Guidance for preparing for the exam: the social standard theory emphasizes that the purpose of education is to start from society and meet the needs of society, which has certain rationality. However, the social purpose of education is absolute and unique by overemphasizing people's dependence on society. This extreme proposition completely separates the relationship between man and society and easily leads to the bondage and oppression of human nature. The core point of view is around "society". Everyone can consider the theory of social standard when they encounter discussions related to social interests and citizens when doing problems.

Third, the theory of individual standard.

1. Basic viewpoint: Starting from individual instinctive needs, it is emphasized that education should follow the law of human growth and meet human needs; Attach importance to the value of education to individuals; The purpose of education is to cultivate "natural people", develop people's personality, enhance people's value and promote individual self-realization.

2. Representative figures: Aristotle, Comenius, Rousseau, Pestalozzi, Kant, Rogers, Maslow, Camus, Sartre, Froebel, Montessori, etc.

3. Guidance for preparing for the exam: the individualistic teleology of education has strong humanitarian characteristics, and it is of positive significance to emphasize the needs of human nature and the free development of individuals. But in the process of discussion, there is inevitably idealism, and there is also obvious one-sidedness in the process of social development. The core point of view is around the "individual". There are many words. I suggest you make up a formula and memorize it. In addition, whether the characters know it or not, it is very important to grasp the core idea. In addition, it can be remembered by combining the core ideas of characters, such as Maslow and Rogers, representatives of humanism, Aristotle, Comenius and Pestalozzi who follow nature in education.

Fourthly, the theory of aimless education.

1. Representative: Dewey

2. Basic viewpoint: Dewey denies the generality and abstraction of educational purpose, and emphasizes the purpose in the process of education, that is, the specific purpose of each educational activity, instead of advocating that education has no purpose at all.

3. Preparation guidance: Dewey believes that education has no other purpose except itself, mainly to understand Dewey's core ideas.

Fifth, the theory of educational preparation

1. For: Spencer

2. Preparation guidance: Spencer believes that education is to prepare for future life, and Spencer's core ideas should be remembered when preparing for the exam.

In short, this part of knowledge is not difficult, so don't mechanically memorize it, and try to contact the core viewpoints of various characters for reference. In addition, it should be noted that these theories are one-sided. We advocate materialistic and dialectical views, and the needs of society and people are dialectical and unified.