In the late Qing Dynasty, modern education began. In the 28th year of Guangxu (1902), Qin Ding School Charter called the school a school. By 1907, new schools have been established all over the country.
After the reform of 1911, the Ministry of Education announced the new academic system, and all "schools" were renamed as "schools", which have been in use ever since.
1, Shu
Shu: it's a pictophonetic character, and "qi" means "cooked", which means that crops such as melons and fruits are ripe and can be enjoyed; "Earth" refers to gardens and places; Together, these two meanings mean a place to enjoy ripe fruits and vegetables. In ancient times, melons and fruits were picked when they were ripe and piled in the corridors or halls on both sides of the house door, which was a place where family members and ethnic minorities gathered for early tasting. However, this place is only used several times a year in certain seasons, and most of them are idle at ordinary times, so it is also used as a teaching and learning place. By the Western Zhou Dynasty, this kind of regulation had been determined, and it became a primary school set up with the family as the unit, also known as a family school or a private school. The Book of Rites says: "Ancient teachers learned." The size of the school, according to the provisions of the Book of Rites, is "25 schools within a hundred miles, sharing a lane, with a door at the head and a school next to it." People at home will always be taught at school "(see Zheng Xuan's Note to The Book of Rites and Confucius' Shu). Ancient times were vast and sparsely populated. Within a hundred miles, taking 25 households as a unit, a classroom was found on the east and west sides of the door of a large house. This is the most basic school, called "Shu". I think the scale of this "school" is also considerable. If there are four or five school-age children in each household (this is normal in the era of unplanned birth), it is 100 students.
2. hey
Xiang yang ping: It is also a pictophonetic character, and the word "Guang" is related to the house. According to the description in the Book of Rites, "Dong" is a larger and higher school than "Shu", which is called "D m 4 ng You Dong". The so-called "d m ng" is the residence of 500 families, also known as the township d m ng, which is about 20 "schools". Yao has existed widely in Xia and Shang Dynasties from 4000 to 3000 years ago, which shows that the education system in China has a long history.
3. Preface
Foreword, originally meant to refer to the east-west wall of the house, extended to the place, and also used as another name for the school. "Zhou Li" records: "In the Spring and Autumn Period, welcoming people with courtesy was shot at the state order." "Preface" was also the place where xí archery was taught at that time, and some functions were similar to those of today's sports school. Zheng Xuan, a great scholar in the Eastern Han Dynasty, explained: "Preface is the learning of the country." In ancient times, Yao and Xu were both called schools, and some of them were interpreted as "Yao and Zhou" (Mencius Teng Wengong Shang), Yao in Shang Dynasty, Xu in Zhou Dynasty, School, Yao and Zhou. In a word, Yao and Xu are higher and bigger schools than the academic system.
4. Pan Gong
Pan (Qusheng) Palace: It's your child's school, probably as expensive as a vassal. "Book of Rites": "The princes called the palace", and the so-called "dish water" reflected the ritual system at that time. The school buildings built by princes can only be surrounded by water on three sides. This kind of school is not about scale, but about status and grade. In the later imperial examination system, enrollment was also called "entering Pan".
5. Bidong
Bi Yong: The Book of Rites: "Emperor said Bi Yong", the so-called Bi Yong, Han explained in Bai Hutong Bi Yong: "Jun is also jade." It symbolizes a round place, surrounded by Li Shui, which means that Yin and Yang arch together and teach Li to walk. Biyong is the highest-level royal children's school above princes and the highest institution of higher learning. At least in the Western Zhou Dynasty (about 3000 ~ 2700 years ago), Biyong became a standard. It is a circular building, surrounded by water, and all the children of the Zhou Emperor have to learn xí here, which is probably the study of emperors. Later, it was used in all dynasties, but its function gradually evolved into a place of sacrifice. The only buildings that retain their original functions should be the buildings during the Qianlong period, the places where the Qing emperors gave lectures, and the use of prisons in Beijing today.
6. School
School is the old name of school.