Mencius is the main representative of Confucianism after Confucius, and he is called Ya Sheng. One of Mencius' most important contributions is to put forward the people-oriented thought. Mencius' people-oriented thought includes the following points: First, the people are the most important, the country is the second, and the monarch is the light. He attaches great importance to the status of the people; Second, those who win the hearts of the people win the world; The third is to break the concept of loyalty to the monarch; The fourth is to have fun with the people; The fifth is to control people's property. In a word, Mencius' people-oriented thought well embodies his benevolent government thought. He emphasized that if a ruler wants to govern the country better, he must be people-oriented and take benevolence and righteousness as the rule of governing the country. In addition, Mencius also made great contributions to education, as follows.

Mencius put forward the theory of good nature and discussed the role of education on individuals. He believes that people are born good, that is to say, people have a good end, and the maintenance of a good end depends on education. Education can cultivate people's temperament and seek comfort. Mencius also discussed the role of education in society, that is, rulers can expand human nature through education, and then achieve the purpose of national prosperity and people's security, which is the most effective means to carry out benevolent government and win the hearts of the people.

Mencius also established a system of moral standards? P5？ Benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith. He emphasized that the purpose of education is ethical, and his thoughts clarified the nature of ancient education in China in the next two thousand years, that is, patriarchal society. Mencius also stressed that to cultivate a gentleman's ideal personality, we must cultivate his ambition, be patient, cultivate his mind and be able to justify himself. A gentleman should be rich without lewdness, poor without lewdness, mighty and unyielding, with noble integrity and lofty spiritual realm.

Mencius also believed that in learning, we must study deeply and have our own gains and opinions, so as to form solid and profound wisdom and practice both inside and outside. He emphasized that it is better to believe in books than to have no books. It has an important influence on the transformation of learning methods in later generations to treat predecessors' views without credulity and blind obedience and give up after their own thinking.