1. Requirements of special education for teachers
1, we should have a correct view of special children and special education.
Only when we have a correct view of special children can we treat them correctly; Only by treating special education correctly can we carry out special education accurately.
2. Be caring
Love for children and love for special education.
3. Have a unique knowledge structure and corresponding professional knowledge.
In addition to the knowledge that ordinary teachers should have, they should also have knowledge of medicine, rehabilitation, Braille, sign language, psychological measurement and consultation, hearing AIDS, visual AIDS, behavior shaping, psychology and intervention of special children.
4, should have the corresponding ability.
Emergency (epilepsy, first aid, etc. ), hearing AIDS, the use of visual AIDS, special means of communication (Braille, sign language), intellectual, psychological and behavioral measurement ability, etc.
2. The educational process of special education
Educational prevention
1, why education prevention:
1) Compared with general education, special children, especially disabled children, spend more on education;
2) Special children must make greater efforts to achieve or approach the achievements of normal children. It is necessary to take effective measures to prevent and reduce the occurrence of disabled children.
2. Specific measures include:
1) Carry out premarital education, so that young men and women can fully understand the responsibilities and obligations of marriage and childbearing and common sense about married life.
2) Propagandize the knowledge of prenatal and postnatal care, prohibit consanguineous marriage, vigorously advocate premarital examination, and provide counseling and help for couples with genetic diseases.
3) Strengthen prenatal examination of pregnant women and take corresponding measures to reduce the birth rate of disabled children.
4) Strengthen postpartum medical care, prevent disease infection, vigorously publicize children's health care and enhance children's immunity.
Educational diagnosis
The education diagnosis group of special education consists of educators, medical staff and parents of children. They explore children's educational needs, determine whether they belong to special children and what kind of special children, and arrange suitable educational environment for children according to the diagnosis results.
cultivate
Children diagnosed as needing special education should be placed in corresponding classes and schools, and receive at least limited education and training. Education and training is a process in which special children receive guidance in a certain educational environment, gradually change their behavior, increase their knowledge, develop their skills and improve their adaptability. Education and training is the core of the whole process of special education.
Vocational training
Special education is a systematic project. For the lifelong development of special children, society has the responsibility to provide vocational training for special children, so that they can become independent citizens who can take care of themselves and make certain contributions to society.
3. How to understand special education?
The definition of special education is that special education is based on the significance of individual differences and promotes their all-round development of body and mind by meeting their special educational needs. This definition expounds the nature of special education and the present situation of discipline construction, and also discusses the significance of discipline construction of special education from the perspective of learning guidance, emphasizing the discipline nature of special education.
Special pedagogy is a comprehensive subject. Special pedagogy involves pedagogy, psychology, medical society and other multidisciplinary knowledge, and there are many problems that need comprehensive research. As "Educational Common Sense" once said, children's growth needs have their own rhythm. This sentence emphasizes the discipline construction of pedagogy. Practice without theoretical guidance is blind practice, and theory without practice is empty theory. The book on special education says that special education, as an education, is in the same strain as general education. In my opinion, this sentence is an unrealistic theory. Special educators apply general education to the practical work of education. In fact, special education does not grasp the truth of special education. They swallow all educational problems and only complain about special students' own problems. It is true that special education schools here and in the north are applying general education, but in high school, they have added a grade-high school. This can prove that it is a failure for special education to learn from general education, but it is still used and cannot meet the needs of special education. As Tao Xingzhi once said, it is useless to increase the number of years without improving the content and methods. His words can reflect the problems faced by special education research, so I think general education is general education and special education is special education. Special education should have its own characteristics. Only by finding a way of life and adopting a new way of life scientifically can we grasp the truth. But the reality can't deny that the definition of special education is worthless, because many people eat books and few people use them.
So how can we make the definition more valuable? Marx once said that no matter what profession, at any time, its specific actions should not be deprived of rationality and thought. The requirement of this sentence for education-to contribute to special education, we must have hands and brains to practice, which is the real understanding of special education.
4. How to educate special children?
First, treat special students correctly and devote more love to them, which is the fundamental point of successful education.
Without love, there is no education. As engineers of human soul, teachers can only educate students with love.
Second, treat and understand special students equally, which is the foundation of successful education.
For various reasons, special students are criticized, discriminated and complained more at school and at home, which leads to inferiority complex in their hearts. As soon as there is movement, they become very sensitive, alert and rebellious, and frequent criticism often makes them give up on themselves. But this is a superficial phenomenon. In the final analysis, in their hearts, they are very eager to get the understanding, trust and understanding of teachers and classmates, and need warmth and care. Therefore, teachers should know a little about psychology and pedagogy, not only how to teach, but also why to teach in this way, so as to be calm when students repeat, help students analyze the reasons, be calm and treat each other sincerely. Therefore, when we educate special students, we should give them warmth and care, help them overcome their rebellious psychology and build up their learning confidence.
When we educate special students, we should give them warmth and care, help them overcome their rebellious psychology and build up their learning confidence.
Third, strengthen contact with parents, which is an important part of doing a good job of special students.
Real-time and effective communication is an important step to transform "special students". The head teacher should contact the parents in time to discuss the effective methods of educating children, understand the situation of special students at home and at school, so as to find out the educational ways and give full play to the role of parents in children's education.