Education is a social activity to cultivate people, which has a great influence on the social and cultural background.

The basic mode of transmission of production experience and social life experience.

The purpose of school education is to educate workers according to certain social requirements.

Plan and organize ways to influence the thoughts of the educated, and they will happen if you think about some changes.

Activities.

Education constitutes four elements of education: the implementer of educational practice

Education: Subject and Object of Educational Practice

Educational content: the goals of teachers and students in educational practice. Educational tools: a method

Educational system in educational practice

The education system, also known as the national education system, refers to the educational institutions established by the system according to the purpose of implementing the national education policy, as well as various management norms to ensure the normal operation of the established institutions. Its main body is the school education system.

2. School education system

Academic system (abbreviated as academic system) is a national school system at all levels, which stipulates the relationship, tasks, admission requirements, the nature of schools and their long-term research.

3. Restrictions

The main factors to establish the academic level, the development of social productive forces and the development level of science and technology; Political system and ideology; Population development; Characteristics of teenagers' psychological development.

The characteristics of ancient education:

1, classification: different class status enjoys different educational rights and privileges.

2. Orthodox Church: the thought and morality of the recognized political ruling class.

3. The essence of autocracy: the process of education control and adjustment, indoctrination and acceptance.

4, the same: rote learning and mechanical imitation.

5, symbolic: education is education, what is the symbol of social status.

The main features of modern education:

1, the state has strengthened its attention and intervention in education and is increasing public education.

2. Popularize compulsory primary education.

Secular education.

We should analyze religious participation in school education from the perspective of religious teachings and stipulate that political parties should participate in school education.

4. Implement education legislation.

Educational function after the 20th century;

1, strengthen the connection between preschool education and primary education.

2. Strengthen the popularization of compulsory education and extend the age of compulsory education.

3. Mutual infiltration between general education and vocational education.

4. Higher education is increasingly diversified.

With the popularization of Type 5, the boundary between academic education and non-academic education gradually fades.

& gt6. The education system is conducive to international exchanges.

Trends in today's world

Education development, education, education

Education for all citizens is the basic right of all citizens and must be connected.

A certain level of education, through various channels to meet the basic learning needs.

Second, lifelong education, lifelong education

Paul lengrand's adult education was implemented by French scholars in 1965, and filled by the people.

It is accepted in a long life to subdivide the development and utilization of various educational resources.

All kinds of education and training.

What is the significance of lifelong education?

Meaning: 1, forming education and comprehensive understanding with new understanding. This is based on the principles of the education system.

2. The process of lifelong education is to promote the socialization of education and learning.

3. Determine the standard value of life-long education diversification, and point out its own new development path.

Third, education and education.

Democratization is the reform of mainstream education in the world since 1960. It includes education.

Democracy and democratic education have two sides.

Democratization of education means that more and more people enjoy equal opportunities for education, which may be related to autonomy, education and the characteristics of the education system.

Full cooperation/>; Always open a fair, open and pluralistic evolution.

Democratic Education: Universal Education, Education Quality and Education

Equality of effective democratic education system: screening, turning to comprehensive centralization and decentralization

Educational structure: rigid and closed to flexible and open.

Teacher-student relationship: power transfer

Interactive teaching method: from heuristic to heuristic

Evaluation of indoctrination education: select key points for key training BR/& gt；; Educational management: from centralized and closed to participatory,/> Equality and autonomy in education

& ltBr The educational differences caused by economy, culture, social status, ethnic factors, gender and region have been eliminated. Everyone has the right to education, and educational opportunities are equal before everyone.

Equality of educational opportunity means equality of education, including equality of goals based on equality of starting point in the process of equality; Formally, it includes equality, efficiency, formal equality and substantive equality.

How to form a challenge to traditional education

Education Informationization Education Informationization is an educational type based on the process of updating and changing the educational content of computers and the Internet.

Type, will be from a fixed time, a fixed position.

Fixed content promotes education. It is completely impossible to study anytime and anywhere.

Change everything.

Between education and economy

Relationship:

Economic development is the material basis of education and economic decision-making, and restricts education, which is an important reaction of economy (economic education function). Relatively independent education

Education is independent of other social phenomena of political, economic and cultural nature, and has its own characteristics and development laws.

1, the educational requirements for one's own quality-cultivating people

2. Education has historical inheritance.

3. Education and social development

Lose balance

BR/>； The function of political education is to cultivate talents.

2. Education can promote political democracy.

3, can create public opinion and political thought.

1。 Communication and cultural protection functions

2。 Cultural choice function

3。 The function of creating culture

Cultural constraints in education

1。 Culture restricts the content of education.

2。 What is the cultural value of educational ideas? (Value) Restrict personnel

Keywords personal development characteristic sequence, stage main factor, imbalance,

individual difference

It affects people's development and embodies the initiative of various functions, heredity, environment and education.

Education, in order to promote individual socialization and individual behavior.

Vocational education and the cultivation of individual consciousness. The role of society and education promotes ideology.

Educate people about the formation of consciousness and body.

Educational ability promotes the full development of individual differences and forms human uniqueness.

Education develops people's creativity and promotes the realization of personal value.

Characteristics, Professional Attitude, Connotation of Vocational Training and Career Development 2 3 4 Professional Division of Vocational Skills, Diversified Professional Roles, Role of "Preacher" 2, Demonstration Role of "Questioner" 3 4 5 Management Role of Parents and Friends 6

The role of researchers and teachers' professional knowledge.

5 Professional quality and professional development

1,

Teachers' professional development is the concept of sustainable development. As professionals, teachers need to expand their professional content, improve their professional level and gradually realize their professional maturity in the process of continuous exploration and learning.

The connotation of teachers' professional development includes the following aspects:

Professional knowledge (1) development: the accumulation and renewal of rich culture, professional knowledge and educational disciplines in the education sector.

Professional ability (2) development: teaching skills and mastering teaching skills, ability formation and improvement.

(3) Develop professional emotion: establish professional ideal, develop professional sentiment, professional adaptability and professional self-construction.

2. Methods and strategies for teachers' professional development.

(1) New teachers are employed

(2) In-service teacher training

The essential attribute is that students are potential two-person development, students are the needs of three-person development, and students are the objects.

How to educate teachers and students to establish

1 New love, having both ability and political integrity (high school teachers, noble morality is the norm)

2, the student's mentor

3. The same is true for students.

4. Teaching

What is the purpose of education? The overall goal of education is what the educated expect. People hope that through education, what changes will happen in education, or what physical and psychological problems will arise. The purpose of education is to reduce the total demand of the country. What kind of personnel training is the embodiment of certain educational values. It restricts all kinds of educational activities and is the starting point and destination of all education.

education

Cultivating the basic spirit of socialist builders and successors is the fundamental requirement.

Require its overall content and structure.

Adhering to the direction of socialist all-round development in morality, intelligence and physique is determined by the essence of socialism.

Ideological and moral education transforms the guiding principles of social politics into the education of personal ideological quality in the five fields of moral education.

Scientific and Cultural Knowledge, Skills and Student Education

Physique endows students with knowledge and skills, develops high-quality students' physical and sports abilities and improves students' sports intelligence.

Aesthetics, also known as aesthetic education or aesthetic education, cultivates and educates students' correct aesthetic views and the ability to feel, appreciate and create beauty.

Labor technology education teaches students modern productive labor and basic production skills, so that students have a correct view of labor and form basic knowledge education of good working habits. Including labor and technical education.

Quality education is to cultivate and improve students' quality.

It is divided into three levels: physical education, psychological education and social quality education.

The quality of life in the community will be the first-class quality of the whole structure, mainly in politics, ideology,

Objective: Improving students' comprehensive quality is the fundamental goal of quality education. It points to a man and a genius.

On two levels, the former is based on the latter and emphasizes the pursuit of commonness.

; The latter is the development of the former, emphasizing the difference in treatment.

Task: physical development; Psychological quality; Form social characteristics. definition

Course content is the concept of development, the overall process of achieving educational goals and requirements, and the teaching subjects at all levels, including the purpose, content, scope and components, including the all-round development of students' personality and the establishment of school environment.

The advantages and disadvantages of the course are the development level of the subject standard logic system of the development of each subject, the teaching order, cycle and time required by the textbook, and the teaching department of the course chooses according to the educational objectives and education. It is the basic form of school curriculum.

Advantages: strong logic, systematization and simple function, which is conducive to the mastery of systematic knowledge and the effective transmission of knowledge.

Disadvantages: the boundaries between disciplines are clear, and the organic connection between knowledge is fragmented; Ignoring students' life is not conducive to cultivating students' ability needs and interests.

Activity plan, also known as the curriculum or experience of children's center curriculum, is to organize children's development interest in the center around children's curriculum with enthusiasm for engaging in certain activities.

Advantages: knowledge related to real life is conducive to cultivating operational ability; Pay attention to children's motivation, help train children's body and personality, and develop students' interests.

Disadvantages: Children's acquisition of knowledge is not systematic and complete, which is not conducive to the effective inheritance of cultural heritage.

Potential courses are part of a wide range of school courses, courses and comparative advantages. It may be unexpected and the main feature. This is not only reflected in curriculum planning, but also in schools and classes in the scene, including teaching materials (school buildings and equipment), cultural attractions (classroom layout, campus culture and etiquette activities), interpersonal communication programs (teacher-student relationship, classmate relationship, study, school spirit and class spirit), and students subtly promote or interfere with educational goals.

New curriculum:

The ever-changing process pays too much attention to the teaching of subject knowledge, emphasizing the cultivation of students' positive learning attitude, mastering "double-base" learning and how to learn correct values.

Changing into an oriented discipline, there are too many subjects and lack of integration, which makes the curriculum structure balanced, comprehensive and selective.

The course content is complex, biased and outdated, and it is difficult to change. It puts too much emphasis on keeping the existing book knowledge, strengthening the connection with students' life and scientific and technological development, paying attention to students' interest and experience, and selecting students' knowledge and lifelong learning ability.

Change the present situation of over-emphasizing rote learning and mechanical training, and advocate active participation, willingness to explore and diligence; Ability of cultural collection, processing and information analysis; Exchange and cooperation in capacity building.

We should pay too much attention to selection and give full play to the evaluation ability of promoting students' development, teachers' teaching and improving their functions.

Change the current situation of centralized management in the country, the management level of the state, local governments and schools, and enhance the adaptability of the course to local schools and students.

The theory of "three central courses" advocates that school courses should be based on the basic knowledge, basic laws and corresponding skill objectives of the core courses of teaching.

Marxist curriculum theory advocates that curriculum should be conducive to human dignity, realize and develop human potential in the process of education, and emphasizes that standards should not judge adult children, but should determine the curriculum that children need according to their psychological development and characteristics.

Social reconstruction emphasizes the constraint of social plan on education, and advocates that educational objectives and curriculum activities should be determined according to the importance of social and moral education and the needs of social institutions.

The process of teaching is the process of teachers' activities. With teaching and students learning, teachers have a purpose.

Guide students to master the basis of basic skills and promote them in a planned way.

The process of students' physical and mental development.

In order to complete the teaching task, what are the application methods and teaching methods? This method includes teachers' teaching and students' learning methods. Teachers guide students to master knowledge and skills and gain physical and mental development in common activities. merits and demerits

1 class teaching system is conducive to efficient and large-scale training of talents and promoting the popularization of education; 2. It is beneficial to give full play to the leading role of teachers, thus promoting planned and step-by-step teaching; 3. It is beneficial to teaching management and teaching inspection; 4. Students' mutually beneficial communication.

The disadvantage of 1 is that it is not conducive to the development of students' subjectivity. 2. There are few opportunities for exploration, which is not conducive to the development of many students. 3. The relatively fixed form lacks flexibility. 4, emphasizing unity is not conducive to teaching students in accordance with their aptitude.

What is personalization:

The basic principle of personalized education refers to starting from the actual situation of teachers and the individual differences of students, so that each student can develop their strengths and avoid their weaknesses and get the best development. This is an effective way to improve learning efficiency and cultivate students' personality.

School moral education

A basic way to directly imitate the teaching of moral self-discipline.

The so-called moral education in direct moral class is to impart moral knowledge and theory to students through specialized and systematic moral classes.

Second, indirectly.

The so-called subject in indirect moral education mainly refers to the moral infiltration of students at all levels of teaching and school life.

A note on the development model of moral cognition

/& gt； The development model of moral cognition

Cognitive defects of moral development model;

First, it overemphasizes the cognition of ethical action research and ignores the role of emotion;

The second is to emphasize the form of moral judgment and ignore the content (as well as the difficulty of the dilemma and its design limitations);

The three-stage theory also has great defects (such as the existence of reversible development stages and the adaptability of cultural background).

The understanding mode of sympathy was initiated by the English expert Michael Fell's School Moral Education. The model assumes that getting along well with others is the basic need of human beings, and meeting this need is the primary responsibility of education. This is a series of interpersonal and social environmental problems, which can inspire students' interpersonal and social awareness and guide students to learn to care and understand.

Contribution:

1, the key training mode of understanding is in many moral consciousness, in other words, the moral mode of moral behavior, from moral emotion to moral culture construction.

2. It provides a set of open situational teaching to improve students' interpersonal awareness and social awareness, and provides a series of teachers' guides for teachers to understand and use the suite. It can help teachers understand students' interpersonal communication more comprehensively and concretely-all kinds of difficulties and experiences that may be reflected in solving social problems.

3. "Learning to care" is a new round of educational reform, and one of the important goals of considerate mode is not without enlightenment to the moral education reform in schools in China.

Disadvantages:

1, different or even contradictory theories as its theoretical basis. For example, the humanistic description of teenagers' needs, characteristics and colors, as well as the observation and study of behavioral tendencies and opinions.

2. The social scene of students' social reaction among specific people-clearly defining the moral category and suspecting its universality or non-existence.

3. Practice shows that the hypothesis that adolescence is a "social experiment" is an inaccurate theory. Did it start before puberty?

What is educational evaluation?

Based on certain values or educational goals, educational evaluation uses scientific means to sort out the results of educational activities, educational process and educational value judgment through systematic collection and analysis of operable information and data, thus providing reliable information for continuous improvement of self and educational decision-making process.

Types of educational evaluation

1, based on time and classification

Diagnostic evaluation refers to the previous evaluation of educational activities, because it plans effective implementation and predictable behavior, measures evaluation, or current situation, and determines the problems of the object.

Formative evaluation refers to the activity of adjusting the process when evaluating the effect of educational activities to ensure the realization of educational goals and make value judgments.

Summative evaluation, also known as summative evaluation. It refers to the value judgment of the final result when educational activities come to an end.

2. Classification according to reference standards

Evaluation relative evaluation (norm reference evaluation)

If one or more objects in the selected object set are evaluated as a standard, the remaining evaluated objects are compared with the standard, or all the queued evaluated objects are evaluated in some way.

Absolute evaluation (target reference evaluation)

In addition, the set evaluation of predetermined objective standard objects will be evaluated, and the degree of evaluation of its coverage standard will be determined by more objective standards. inside

Individual difference evaluation refers to the evaluation based on the development level or previous state.

3, based on the main categories of evaluation

Others' evaluation (external evaluation)

Refers to people who are not evaluated by the implementers of educational activities.

Self-evaluation (internal evaluation)

Education is the main implementer of evaluation.

4, according to the classification

Refers to the qualitative evaluation that obtains evaluation information in an open form and summarizes the evaluation through qualitative description.

It refers to the quantitative evaluation, collection and evaluation of the contents and quantitative information of a group of operations, and the summary and evaluation by mathematical methods.

Educational evaluation function

1, leading role: the leading role is the evaluation of the evaluated object. Guided by the evaluation target and index system, schools, teachers and students can be designated as the direction of school efforts-baton.

2. Diagnostic function: Analysis means that after analyzing the evaluation information or educational activities, we can find out what the evaluation object is lacking or deviating from the target.

3. Identification function: the advantages of the object can be identified or qualified through evaluation, and the performance can be selected and graded.

4. Improve the function: through the evaluation of the problem and timely feedback, to promote the continuous improvement and optimization of the evaluation object.

5. Incentive function: it is the correct application of educational evaluation, which can stimulate the intrinsic motivation of the evaluation object and mobilize its potential, so as to improve its work enthusiasm and creativity.

Student evaluation is a means to evaluate students according to certain evaluation criteria, and it is a comprehensive evaluation through the process of analyzing and judging the learning and personality characteristics of individual students or the whole system in a single or a certain field.

Teacher evaluation teacher evaluation is a method based on teachers, using evaluation theory and individual value judgment of teachers, which is suitable for the school's educational goals and tasks.

Teacher-evaluated

First of all, it is conducive to stimulating teachers' enthusiasm and promoting professional development and growth.

Second, it is conducive to improving the quality of teaching.

Third, strengthen the construction of teaching staff.

Fourth, promote the scientific management of schools.

But teacher evaluation is a double-edged sword, so teacher evaluation is an objective, fair and reliable quality appraisal of teachers' level and evaluation in all aspects; Secondly, we must be able to diagnose and discover the more specific advantages and disadvantages of teachers' work, and provide concrete feedback to develop teachers themselves and improve education and teaching.

/& gt； 1, teaching evaluation of teachers' teaching, including teachers' morality, teaching attitude, teaching ability and teaching effect (student evaluation)

Student evaluation.

2,

Teacher: Peer evaluation by school teachers, school teachers or experts. The level of professional knowledge and ability, including the rationality and applicability of teachers' education and teaching policies, educational research, teaching methods and teaching purposes.

3. Leadership assessment

Teacher school, teacher evaluation, department leading group (room). Evaluate yourself according to some standards.

4,

Teachers' self-evaluation.

5,

Assess students' achievements and evaluate teachers' teaching ability according to their achievements.