There is no clear definition of "new engineering", but its basic category refers to emerging industries. First, it refers to occupations in emerging industries, such as artificial intelligence, intelligent manufacturing, robotics, cloud computing and so on. , including the upgrading of traditional engineering majors.
In addition to the popularization of related disciplines and majors in these ten key areas, the Guide also points out that it is necessary to focus on cultivating advanced design, key manufacturing processes, materials, digital modeling and simulation, industrial control and automation, industrial cloud services and big data around the fields of "four basics" (namely, core basic components, key basic materials, advanced basic technologies and industrial technology infrastructure), intelligent manufacturing and "Internet manufacturing+".
Compared with the old project, the "new project" emphasizes the practicality, intersection and comprehensiveness of disciplines, especially the close combination of new technologies such as information and communication, electronic control and software design with traditional industrial technologies. Because of this, it has become the consensus of the whole society to speed up the construction and development of "new engineering", cultivate talents urgently needed by the new economy and lead the future development of science and technology and industry.
Judging from the current professional settings of domestic universities, electronic technology, computer technology, network and information engineering, safety engineering, new energy and functional materials will be included in the category of "new engineering". From the distribution of these majors, it is not difficult to find that the setting of "New Engineering" majors will focus on the Internet and industrial intelligence, and focus on new information, energy, control and other fields.
Generally speaking, experts are generally optimistic about the following new technologies:
1. Big data class
Big data is an emerging discipline generated by the intersection of many disciplines and statistics. In the face of massive data, it is more necessary to deal with the data containing information professionally. Big data involves data mining, cloud computing and other mathematics, computer, statistics and other disciplines, and its application covers almost all fields of social science and natural science.
Big data is essentially a product of high technology, which makes human data mining and utilization enter a new era.
2. Cloud computing class
Cloud computing refers to a "supercomputing cluster" that provides various computer services and data through the network. With the emergence of "supercomputing cluster" cloud computing, customers who originally needed to buy their own hardware servers and then set up their own portals can have their own web portals at low cost by paying a month's fee, so the application prospect of cloud computing is quite broad.
The professional foundation of cloud computing involves computer science and technology, software engineering, network engineering, mechanical automation and other disciplines.
3. Artificial intelligence
Not long ago, the news that the artificial intelligence AlphaGo won the Go master Ke Jie in succession made the world feel the unparalleled power of artificial intelligence again. Artificial intelligence is a new technology science that simulates, extends and expands human intelligence. It is the core technology of many high-tech enterprises.
The major of artificial intelligence, including intelligence, communication, data, psychology, philosophy and many other disciplines, is a very challenging science.
4. Virtual reality class
Virtual reality is a comprehensive integrated technology involving computer graphics, human-computer interaction technology, sensing technology and artificial intelligence. It uses computers to generate realistic three-dimensional vision, hearing and smell, so that people can naturally experience the virtual world and interact with it through appropriate equipment.
This technology combines the latest development achievements of computer graphics technology, computer simulation technology, artificial intelligence, sensing technology, display technology and network parallel processing, and is a high-tech simulation system assisted by computer technology.
5. Mobile Internet category
Mobile Internet is the product of the integration of Internet, mobile terminal equipment and mobile communication technology. Today's society has entered the era of interconnected mobile, and the popularity of various mobile devices has ensured the basic needs of mobile Internet professionals. At the same time, in order to maintain the growth momentum of mobile internet economy, mobile internet technology also urgently needs to develop in depth.
To this end, highly educated and skilled talents with good professional skills and literacy who can engage in the research and development and promotion of mobile Internet technology will still be in demand.
6. Genetic engineering
Genetic engineering, also known as gene splicing technology and DNA recombination technology, is a complex technology to manipulate genes at the molecular level. It is the operation of introducing foreign genes into recipient cells after recombination in vitro, so that the genes can be replicated, transcribed, translated and expressed in recipient cells.
Genetic engineering is a brand-new biotechnology science based on the comprehensive development of molecular biology, microbiology and molecular genetics.
7. Category of nuclear technology
Nuclear technology usually includes nuclear energy technology, nuclear power technology, isotope technology, radiation technology, nuclear fuel technology and nuclear radiation protection technology. China's nuclear industry has moved from moderate development to positive development, and strives to increase the proportion of nuclear power in installed capacity to 5% by 2020. Compared with the current situation that the world average is close to 20%, it shows that the development prospect of China in this respect is immeasurable. Therefore, the future employment situation of nuclear technology professionals should be optimistic.
8. intelligence science and technology class
What intelligent technology wants to do is to give the robot a human-like brain, nerve conduction and information processing system on the basis of hardware, so that the robot brain can judge, make decisions and control the robot's actions in a certain way and make the robot play its role most effectively.
It can be said that intelligence science and technology major is an interdisciplinary major that integrates many disciplines such as electricity, computer, sensing, communication and control.
9. Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering
This major is a unified revision of the original five majors: optical information science and technology, optoelectronic technology science, information display and optoelectronic technology, optoelectronic information engineering and optoelectronic materials and devices.
Graduates can engage in scientific research in optical engineering, optical communication, image and information processing and other technical fields, as well as product design and manufacturing, scientific and technological development and application, operation and management in related fields.
10. Mechanical design, manufacturing and automation
With the intersection, penetration and integration of high and new technologies such as microelectronics, information technology, computer technology, material technology and new energy technology with mechanical design and manufacturing technology, profound changes have been brought to mechanical design and manufacturing and its automation technology.
Contemporary advanced design and manufacturing technology is committed to applying the theories and methods of advanced design and manufacturing technology to solve complex technical problems in the field of modern engineering, so as to realize intelligent design and manufacturing of products.
1 1. Smart Grid Information Engineering
Smart grid information engineering involves a wide range of disciplines, including electrical engineering, energy technology, information technology, control technology, computers and other fields.
Nowadays, all countries in the world hope to build their own power grids into efficient, clean, safe, reliable and interactive smart grids. Made in China 2025 predicts that the social electricity consumption in China will remain above 5.5% in 2065 438+05-2020, and the average annual growth rate will be above 3% in 2020-2030. The development of power transmission and transformation equipment will be intelligent, integrated and green. This will bring unprecedented opportunities for the development of related majors.
12. Brain science
Brain science, in a narrow sense, is neuroscience, and in a broad sense, it is a science that studies the structure and function of the brain, including cognitive neuroscience. Now all countries in the world attach great importance to brain science research. Influenced by the Human Genome Project, the American government launched a brain project to explore the mysteries of the human brain. The European brain plan was launched after the United States, and Japan immediately announced the launch of the brain plan. The China Brain Project has also been launched. The rapid progress of brain science research in recent years is gratifying, but the exploration of many unknown fields needs the unremitting climb of professionals.
Of course, what the future society lacks most must be compound talents in many fields, such as photonics and quantum chips, brain science and intelligent technology, optical materials science and energy technology, genome health technology and so on, which will be popular in the job market.