"Miscellaneous teaching without grandchildren means that teachers teach in disorder, and students learn in disorder, which will make students confused and at a loss. It embodies the teaching principle of step by step.

The Book of Learning is one of the Book of Rites and the earliest monograph on education and teaching in ancient China, so some people think it is the "embryonic form of pedagogy". Based on the experience and lessons of the success or failure of education and teaching, a set of principles of education and teaching are summarized.

Learning notes summarize a set of educational and teaching principles on the basis of synthesizing the experiences and lessons of hundreds of educational and teaching successes and failures.

The specific content of Xue Ji:

1, Yu, Shi, Sun, Mo. Xue Ji summed up the experience and lessons of success and failure in long-term education and teaching, and summed up the important laws of "teaching is prosperous" and "teaching is abolished". "The method of college students is forbidden to be said to have not been sent. When it can be called, it is called the grandson, and it is called Mo. These four things are also well taught.

If you are banned, you will be at a loss. If you study late, it will be hard and difficult to achieve. If you don't have grandchildren, you will be chaotic and not repaired. Studying alone without friends is ignorance. Yan Peng rebelled against his teacher, and Yan Bi abandoned school. These six things are all taught and abandoned. "

2. Be good at recovering losses. Confucius once put forward the idea of "changing the past and moving the past", emphasizing that we should be good at overcoming our own shortcomings and learning from the strengths of others in moral education. Learning to remember has developed this idea into a relatively universal principle in education and teaching. "Scholars have four mistakes, the teacher will know. People learn too much, or lose too little, or lose too easily, or stop. These four hearts are different. Know his heart, and then you can recover his loss. Teach the good and save the loss. "

3. Inspiration and induction. Xue Ji inherits and develops Confucius' enlightenment teaching thought, further summarizes the valuable experience of how to carry out heuristic teaching, and points out that "the teaching of a gentleman is figurative; Tao leads, strong and restrained, open and far-reaching. Tao leads to harmony, strength leads to restraint and opening leads to thinking. Harmony, relaxation and thinking can be described as a good metaphor. "

Tibet and interest complement each other. Xue Ji holds that formal in-class learning and extracurricular exercises must be balanced, supplemented and promoted. "University teaching, there will be a proper job when teaching, and there will be a place to live when you retire. Therefore, the study of a gentleman is also how to hide and repair, and how to be comfortable. However, if you are a husband, you will learn from him and kiss his teacher. If you have fun with your friends and believe in his ways, you won't be rebellious even if you leave your teacher. "

5. Teaching and learning learn from each other. Teaching and learning are two aspects of the teaching process, which are closely related and complement each other. "Learn before you know, teach before you know. If you don't know enough, you can reflect on yourself and realize the difficulties before you can stand on your own feet. So: teaching and learning learn from each other. " This is mainly put forward from the teacher's point of view, which requires teachers to constantly strengthen their own learning in the process of teaching and educating people, so as to promote the continuous development of their own literacy. Later generations further extended teaching and learning to a two-way activity between teachers and students.