A: Social-oriented theory and individual-oriented theory are two diametrically opposite views on the purpose of education, both of which are biased. The basic view of social standard theory is that the stability and development of society is the highest purpose of education, and the purpose of education should be formulated according to the requirements of society. Its representative figures are Nordulp, Durkheim and others. The basic view of the individual-oriented theory is that the value of the individual is higher than the value of the society, and the formulation of educational purposes should be based on the essence of the individual and the needs of personal development. Its representative figures are Rousseau, Froebel, Pestalozzi and others. The educational purpose of social standard theory pays full attention to the restrictive effect of society on individuals and education, which should be said to be a materialistic position. However, this view of educational purpose ignores the vitality and existence of individuals, and the ultimate value of social existence has become passive water. Individualism has a strong humanitarianism, emphasizes human individuality, and has progressive significance in opposing religious theology and feudal educational autocracy. However, it puts individual freedom and society in opposition, and eventually the personality development it advocates will become a castle in the air. For the purpose of education, we should take Marxism as the guide to realize the organic combination and unity of the two.