Sparta is a good example. Lycurgus's reform has eliminated the gap between the rich and the poor, everyone is equal, luxury goods are not allowed, and young people are trained to work hard together. Everything puts national interests first, and everyone lives together. Young citizens focus their military training on defending their country.
As for Athens' educational thought, please refer to Plato's dialogue. It is mentioned that the state should participate in cultivating future generations, such as prenatal and postnatal care, differentiated education for children with different qualifications and so on.
Roman educational methods must have been borrowed from Greece.
Education in Greece and Rome is characterized by cultivating citizens' sense of belonging and honor to their country. As usually seen in film and television works, they are proud of their country and city-state.