Knowledge expansion:

Knowledge view: Constructivism emphasizes the subjectivity of human knowledge.

Learning view: Constructivism holds that learning is not a simple transfer or transmission of knowledge from teachers to students, but a process of actively constructing one's own knowledge and experience, which is irreplaceable by anyone.

Students' view: students are the constructors of their own knowledge, and learning is not a simple process of information input, storage and extraction, nor is it a simple accumulation.

Students are the protagonists in the teaching situation.

Teaching is the process of stimulating students to construct knowledge.